STRENGTHENING PANCASILA VALUES IN ONLINE LEARNING THROUGH THE SIAKADCLOUD APPLICATION TOWARDS QUALITY EDUCATION

The Covid-19 pandemic has replaced face-to-face learning with online learning. Universities take advantage of the Siakadcloud application which has various challenges. The readiness of lecturers, students, and most importantly the internet network must be in harmony without any obstacles. Siakadcloud is an application that has just been socialized, of course it has the potential to cause stuttering, plus the distribution of internet networks is still questionable. This can trigger incoherence and cohesiveness in participating in teaching and learning activities. Whereas the urgency of Pancasila education is to teach about awareness of living together in the nation and state. This study aims to identify the challenges of online learning in strengthening students' Pancasila values ??as an effort to support the 4th goal of sustainable development (SDGs), namely quality education in the field of Civics Education. Using qualitative-descriptive research methods with analysis technique Creswell (2004), then combined with the concept of social solidarity (Emil Durkheim). The object of research is Pancasila Education class students in the odd semester of 2021 at Bangka Belitung University. The results showed that Pancasila education for students taught the values ??of unity, love for the homeland, and pluralism. So the strengthening of Pancasila values ??focuses on these three topics. The interesting thing is, students at Bangka Belitung University have a social environment that practices a good religious life. So that it becomes the basis for new students to strengthen the values ??of Pancasila through the value of God Almighty. On the other hand, the social solidarity that is formed in student online learning is organic solidarity which is a division of tasks based on the specifications of each new student's expertise.

Modern solidarity and administrative repression

Modern society is based on the predominance of organic solidarity over mechanical solidarity and, consequently, on the predominance of the law, which ensures cooperation between autonomous subjects from repressive law, which sanctions, through penalty, any deviation from the standards of the common conscience. Modern society is “civilized”, i.e. it is firstly and foremost based on “civil” law, the repressive law only being exceptional, which translates into three principles: that of the subsidiarity of criminal law, that of the necessity and legality of offences and penalties, and that of the additional protection of individual freedom when the subject is criminally charged. The consequence thereof is that, in modern liberal democracies, all repressive law is criminal, that any charge which may lead to the application of a repressive sanction is a criminal charge and that the law-maker cannot assign to the administration the competence regarding the application of repressive sanctions. Under these circumstances, the transformation of some repressive norms into norms of administrative law is a violation of the fundamental principles that structure the legal order of modern liberal states. Nonetheless, this type of practice is becoming more common. In order to ensure individual freedom, this tendency must be corrected. As politicians are not willing to do so, naturally this is a task for the judicial courts, that can rely for this endeavour on the European Court of Human Rights’ constructive jurisprudence.

Flying Solidarity as an Introductory Lesson in Social Theory

Although students rely on social solidarity in their everyday lives, they generally fail to acknowledge its existence. An active learning class exercise, conducted within approximately 35 minutes, introduces sociology students to Emile Durkheim’s concept of solidarity and the distinction between its mechanical and organic forms. Some groups of students perform the task of creating and flying paper airplanes under the pretense of organic solidarity, and other groups perform the same task under the pretense of mechanical solidarity. Through reflection on their experiences and discussion with members of other groups, students begin to identify nuances of each type of solidarity. An evaluation of this exercise indicates that those who participate in it can describe the distinction between mechanical and organic solidarity and their respective associations with gemeinschaft and gesellschaft better than those exposed to a traditional lesson on the topic can.

Reflecting on Durkheim and His Studies on Law through Cancellation of British Citizenship

Through an analysis of cancellation of citizenship laws in the United Kingdom, this chapter evaluates Durkheim’s writings on law and its links to moral evolution. It argues that Durkheim’s studies on law are complex and offer rich insights for contemporary sociolegal research. His methodological approaches are also ones that map onto modern-day sociolegal (“law and society” or “law in context”) research. However, Durkheim is overoptimistic in his view that, with time, a modern morality has emerged which venerates the sanctity of the Individual.2 In nationality deprivation cases, analysis reveals the breakdown of social solidarity and the failure to protect people from statelessness. It appears that organic solidarity of the kind that supports human rights is not always a matter of seamless moral and legal progression, contrary to Durkheim’s views.

Civil Society and Pro-Democracy Social Movements: Troubled Relations Within Authoritarian Regimes?

This article tries to conceptually lay down the troubled relations between civil society and social movements within authoritarian regimes. This is done by, first, bringing clarity to the conceptual relationship between civil society and social movement and, then, applying it to the authoritarian context, still theoretically. Following the “hints” of the Eastern European intellectuals of the late 1970s and the 1980s and building on the appropriation of Durkheim’s differentiation between mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity, the article distinguishes two types of solidarity: associative solidarity and action and collective solidarity and action. Civil society is proposed to emerge on associative solidarities (and their actions), while social movements build on collective solidarities (and their actions). Furthermore, associative and collective actions are identified to be progressive and transgressive, respectively. Consequently, the proposed theoretical account is applied theoretically to the authoritarian context and several hypotheses are proposed on the relationship between civil society and pro-democracy movement within authoritarian regimes.

Rural sustainability and food choice: the effect of territorial characteristics on the consumers’ preferences for organic lentils

The importance of pulse cultivation and consumption is recognized by the scientific community in terms of human nutrition, food security, biodiversity and a valid substitute for animal protein. In some marginal areas, pulse cultivation represents also a protection against the abandonment of agricultural land, the preservation of traditional landscape and the maintenance of natural environments, besides contributing to the safeguard of traditional gastronomy and culture.This study explores how some characteristics connected with rural sustainability, like the preservation of the traditional rural landscape, production area in a Natura 2000 Site of Community Importance (SCI) and EU quality labels (PDO and PGI), might influence organic consumers’ choice of lentils. Data were collected in the Umbria region (Italy) in 2014 by interviewing 213 consumers’ members of Organic Solidarity Purchase Groups (O-SPGs). The Discrete Choice Experiment methodology was used, and three different models (Multinomial Logit Model (MNL), Mixed Logit Model (RPL) and Endogenous Attribute Attendance (EAA)) were applied to verify the reliability of the estimates. Attribute non-attendance (ANA) behaviour was taken into account. Results reveal that the presence of ANA had an impact on both the relative importance of the estimated attributes and the magnitude of the estimated mean WTP. Therefore, this study suggests that WTP mean estimates should be considered with caution for marketing purposes if ANA is not considered. Looking at pulses, the results help to understand the importance in monetary terms of the relationship between lentil choice and rural sustainability.

Citizens, Madmen and Children: Equality, Uncertainty, Freedom and the Definition of State.

In this paper, I argue that a fundamental tradeoff between freedom and equality in human social organization is, in fact, a learnable schedule for the management of uncertainty for an individual agent operating in a social world pervaded with randomness. This implies that political organization and state structures may be viewed as different ways of handling uncertainty, each trading off freedom and equality in a slightly different manner, but each with an equivalent, and theoretically symmetric, balance between the two. I will argue that uncertainty in an intelligent agent arises from one of three primary sources. First, the agent’s logical, objective, mental model of the environment may be noisy. Second, subjective, affective appraisals, of other individuals, their behaviours, and their intentions may present substantial randomness. Finally, the relationship between the objective, real, external world, to the subjective, internal world of the agent may be blurry. As I will show, in any basic two-level Bayesian model of reasoning, these same three sources of uncertainty naturally arise as three learnable parameters. These three parameters govern the operation of the model, but must be traded-off against each other. Furthermore, I will give these three dimensions of uncertainty some theoretical validity, by showing how they pervasively occur across a wide swatch of literatures as three dimensions of political freedom and equality. The relationship between the parameters and the freedoms is a key step in gaining a better understanding of political movements. For example, I discuss how the transition from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity during the industrial revolution in the 19th century, as described by Durkheim, is in fact a shift in the management of uncertainty to one focused on immediate meanings to one focused on trust. Further, such shifts may be purposefully initiated by politically interested groups, by spreading new narratives or introducing new policy. Viewed as uncertainty management, any shifts so induced should be carefully evaluated in terms of what freedoms it compromises, with smoother transitions assured for shifts that remain in a position of equilibrium with respect to freedom and equality.

A Return to Mechanical Solidarity

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic brought many changes to daily life in Canada. One such behavior that surfaced was what could be defined as ‘panic hoarding,’ namely, the purchasing of items such as toilet paper, sanitizer and disinfectant in far greater quantities per person than other times, which risked the creation of shortages across communities. In order to understand such behavior, this article will use ideas from Émile Durkheim to analyze the relationship of social media and its impact on the behavior of panic hoarding. In particular, Durkheim’s concepts of collective consciousness show how social media provides enough impetus to make the case that this pandemic is better defined by mechanical than organic solidarity. We can see social media as the vehicle through which collective consciousness can be experienced, and more immediately so at this time, insofar as we see how it influences panic hoarding behavior. We can also see that social media’s use of memes can be likened to totems, and that they give clues to the values we hold at this time.

Peran Kegiatan Kepramukaan Dalam Menanamkan Sikap Solidaritas Organik Pada Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Kayan Hulu

The purpose of this research is to know the role of scout leader by planting organic solidarity, the method used is qualitative descriptive. Data collection techniques are observation, interview and documentation study, data collection tools guide observation, interview, and documentation. The results of research through the moral sense, all team members observe the material provided scoutmaster, mutual trust, discussion or deliberation trying to receive opinions and always accept what the decision and is ready to accept criticism, accept feedback and criticism from the other members, through the emotional experience, the role of scoutmaster realized learners to always be able to hold back the emotion and not reckless, dare to give presumption that feels right and can be held responsible or what you do, do not break the rules set by senior and promised to anyone, including the tasks given in planting organic solidarity in SMA Negeri 1 Kayan Hulu.