Impacts of birdwatching on human and avian communities

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagan H. Sekercioglu

Ecotourism can be a vehicle for community-based conservation if it is conducted with an emphasis on the well-being of local ecosystems and human communities. Birdwatchers form the largest group of ecotourists, and are, on average, well-educated, wealthy and committed. This makes them ideal ecotourists for community-based conservation. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive review of birdwatching from a conservation biology perspective. Specific objectives here are: (1) to review the economic potential of non-residential birdwatching for community-based conservation; (2) to outline the potential benefits and problems associated with this activity; and (3) to provide suggestions for improving the conservation value of birdwatching. Birdwatching tourism has a high potential to improve the financial and environmental well-being of local communities, educate locals about the value of biodiversity and create local and national incentives for successful protection and preservation of natural areas. However, there needs to be more research on the economical and environmental impacts of this hobby, birdwatching-related disturbance needs to be reduced, and much has to be done to increase the financial contribution of birdwatching to local communities.

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Salerno ◽  
Monique Borgerhoff Mulder ◽  
Mark N. Grote ◽  
Margherita Ghiselli ◽  
Craig Packer

AbstractConservation strategies to protect biodiversity and support household livelihoods face numerous challenges. Across the tropics, efforts focus on balancing trade-offs in local communities near the borders of protected areas. Devolving rights and control over certain resources to communities is increasingly considered necessary, but decades of attempts have yielded limited success and few lessons on how such interventions could be successful in improving livelihoods. We investigated a key feature of household well-being, the experience of food insecurity, in villages across Tanzania's northern wildlife tourist circuit. Using a sample of 2,499 primarily livestock-keeping households we compared food insecurity in villages participating in the country's principal community-based conservation strategy with nearby control areas. We tested whether community-based projects could offset the central costs experienced by households near strictly protected areas (i.e. frequent human–wildlife conflict and restricted access to resources). We found substantial heterogeneity in outcomes associated with the presence of community-based conservation projects across multiple project sites. Although households in project villages experienced more frequent conflict with wildlife and received few provisioned benefits, there is evidence that these households may have been buffered to some degree against negative effects of wildlife conflict. We interpret our results in light of qualitative institutional factors that may explain various project outcomes. Tanzania, like many areas of conservation importance, contains threatened biodiversity alongside areas of extreme poverty. Our analyses highlight the need to examine more precisely the complex and locally specific mechanisms by which interventions do or do not benefit wildlife and local communities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 539-557
Author(s):  
Laura Zanotti ◽  
Natalie Knowles

Intact Forest Landscapes (IFLs) are global conservation units that aim to combat fragmentation, alteration, degradation, and loss of global forests. ILFs are typically recognized for their biodiversity, carbon storage, protection of hydroecological systems and other ecosystem services. However, IFLs are distinctive among other conservation efforts because they do not immediately prioritize conservation approaches that have goals of alleviating human poverty or improving well-being. The prevailing view is that IFL conservation should engage with ecocentric models of conservation. In this article, we leverage political ecology's analytical attention to power, institutions, identities, and scales to make suggestions on ways in which to integrate biocentric conservation considerations into IFL practices. From a scoping literature review, we found the following areas are especially critical for the future of IFL conservation: (1) prioritizing Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) as actors and beneficiaries of conservation; (2) identifying the value of knowledge integration and co-production for conservation; (3) addressing heterogenous communities and equity impacts, and (4) the need for procedural mechanisms in conservation initiatives that support nesting Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities management and governance in polycentric systems. Furthermore, the development of diagnostic questions of scaling community-based conservation and adaptive strategies beyond their original scope in terms of community definitions, landscape and political context may be beneficial for addressing multi-stakeholder needs, identifying more equitable approaches, sharing strategies and obtaining successful outcomes in IFL conservation.Keywords: Indigenous peoples and local communities, large intact landscapes, forests, conservation


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7557
Author(s):  
Juliette Claire Young ◽  
Justine Shanti Alexander ◽  
Ajay Bijoor ◽  
Deepshikha Sharma ◽  
Abhijit Dutta ◽  
...  

We explore the role of community-based conservation (CBC) in the sustainable management of conservation conflicts by examining the experiences of conservation practitioners trying to address conflicts between snow leopard conservation and pastoralism in Asian mountains. Practitioner experiences are examined through the lens of the PARTNERS principles for CBC (Presence, Aptness, Respect, Transparency, Negotiation, Empathy, Responsiveness, and Strategic Support) that represent an inclusive conservation framework for effective and ethical engagement with local communities. Case studies from India, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Pakistan show that resilient relationships arising from respectful engagement and negotiation with local communities can provide a strong platform for robust conflict management. We highlight the heuristic value of documenting practitioner experiences in on-the-ground conflict management and community-based conservation efforts.


2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR R. MUGISHA ◽  
SUSAN K. JACOBSON

Loss of wildlife, encroachment on wild lands and conflicts between protected areas and neighbouring communities continue to threaten the integrity of protected areas (PAs) in Uganda. To increase support from local communities and ensure long-term sustainability for Uganda's PAs, a policy of community-based conservation was introduced in 1988 as a management approach in seven PAs. The effectiveness of the community-based approach for reducing threats was compared to conventional PA management by conducting a threat reduction assessment at 16 PAs, seven with community-based approaches and nine without. Additional data collected using document reviews, interviews with government officials, and surveys of PA wardens were compared with the threat reduction assessments. Twenty-three primary threats were identified at PAs. Local game poaching was the most common threat. The threat reduction assessment indices of community-based PAs (mean=49.0±12) were not significantly different from those of conventional PAs (mean=37.96±21.6). Some specific threats, such as bush burning, logging, encroachment and unclear boundaries, seemed to be better mitigated at community-based PAs. Management approaches at all PAs mitigated fewer than half of the identified threats. Management approaches are needed that directly target PA threats, go beyond PA boundaries by involving additional government departments, link people's livelihoods to conservation efforts and strengthen PA institutions.


2020 ◽  

The present essay includes the main results of the research project on community-based cooperatives, promoted in 2018 by Fondosviluppo and FEDAM, and implemented by researchers of University of Molise. The volume highlights the potential and the modes of operating of community-based cooperatives, which carry out a mix of productive and socially useful activities for local community well-being. The research, through a new methodological and operational path, reaches the following results: a) devise a strategy to detect the degree of social, economic and environmental vulnerability levels of Italian inner areas; b) outline the needs of local communities; c) define the role of community-based cooperatives in bridging regional gaps, also identifying their possible policy support.


2018 ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Putu Saroyini Piartrini

Tourism involves the movement of individuals from one region to another, which are sometimes of different cultures. The interaction between tourists and local communities in tourist destinations is social interaction. The community does not always react positively to the development of certain destinations or attractions. Public attitudes that are not always beneficial to tourism have various causes, such as the well-being differences that appear so starkly between wealthy tourists and poor local communities and  conflict over limited resources such as water, land and cultural resources. This condition needs to be addressed because frequent demonstrations at various tourist attractions in Bali may jeopardize the security and comfort of tourists and affect the image of Bali as an international tourist destination. This study aims to: 1) To evaluate local government policies in community empowerment; 2) To measure perceived community-based tourism implemented   in the destination areas 3) To measure thelife satisfaction of the people in tourist destinations; 3)To measure individual   attitude toward toursm develoment  in Destinations. The results of this study are expected to be useful as input in the formulation of regional tourism policies  to realize tourism development goals effectively. This study is different from previous tourism studies because it examines the impact of tourism development from an integral perspective of sustainable tourism and community-based tourism.   Keywords: community attitude, community-based tourism, community empowerment, community life satisfaction.


2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Maggie Lilith

For those wanting to place Australian perspectives on community-based conservation in an international context, Gary Meffe, Larry Nielsen, Richard Knight and Dennis Schenborn have released a new book called Ecosystem Management: Adaptive, Community-based Conservation, which examines the application of scientific principles of conservation biology to realworld problem solving. It is intended as a textbook for postgraduate courses in ecosystem management, or as extension material for advanced undergraduates.


Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Dolorosa ◽  
Dewi Kurniati

Mangrove ecotourism in the Mempawah coastal area began to be developed and initiated by local communities who are concerned in the sustainability of the mangrove ecosystem. This is also supported by the increasing number of tourists to visit ecotourism, so that the development of ecotourism needs to be supported by tourist attractiveness as well as learning to tourists to care about their environment in accordance with the principles of ecotourism namely responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local people. This paper focuses on analyzing the potential value of community-based ecotourism objects and its attractiveness. The assessment indicator based on the guidelines for assessment of natural tourism attractiveness was used to assess the objects and attractiveness in three specific ecotourism locations which are managed by local communities in Mempawah, namely Pasir, Bakau, and Mendalok Village. This study involves the participation of tourists who have visited the  ecotourism site. The study found that the potential value of the object and attractiveness mangrove ecotourism in Mempawah Area was 3,105 with an average score of 388 meaning that it ispotentially developed, and also increasing recommendations related to community-based ecotourism development.


Author(s):  
Eduardo Spaolonse ◽  
Suzana da Silva de Oliveira Martins

Diversas áreas naturais de importância socioambiental no Brasil agregam comunidades locais. Muitas das comunidades residem nessas áreas e delas tiram a sua sobrevivência há muitas gerações, percebendo-as como território fundamental para sua reprodução social, cultural e econômica. O Ecoturismo de base comunitária desponta como uma possibilidade para o desenvolvimento sustentável e econômico dessas comunidades. Este artigo foi construído através de pesquisas bibliográficas baseando-se que o Ecoturismo se diferenciou, dos demais segmentos do turismo, por se apoiar em princípios que reforçam o compromisso com a conservação ambiental e o benefício comunitário. Hoje as estatísticas demonstram que Ecoturismo cresce mais que a média do turismo convencional no mundo todo e especialmente no Brasil. Entre estas temáticas observou-se à necessidade de considerar a forma de organização social das comunidades locais na construção dos processos participativos. Com isso espera-se contribuir para uma reflexão sobre o Ecoturismo de base comunitária em uma perspectiva em que a participação comunitária torna-se a base para uma efetiva sustentabilidade, portanto, pretende-se que a compreensão integrada dos temas abordados possa facilitar outros processos semelhantes. Ecoturismo é um segmento da atividade turística que utiliza, de forma sustentável, o patrimônio natural e cultural, incentiva sua conservação e busca a formação de uma consciência ambientalista através da interpretação do ambiente, promovendo o bem-estar das populações envolvidas e dos atores sociais. O aproveitamento desse potencial por meio do desenvolvimento de estratégias que fortaleçam o turismo participativo, solidário e sustentável é, sem dúvida, uma grande oportunidade para o país. Neste processo de transição reside o desafio de serem estabelecidas estratégias e consolidadas práticas que estimulem a valorização cultural, a organização comunitária e a conservação ambiental. Práticas que assegurem o acesso ao compartilhamento dos benefícios gerados pela atividade, com estímulo ao empreendedorismo social e à criação de negócios inclusivos. E que, finalmente, estabeleçam-se arranjos sustentáveis de interação social e das populações com o território e o ambiente em que vivem. Ecotourism: a bridge to sustainable tourism Several natural areas of environmental importance in Brazil add local communities. Many of the communities living in these areas and take them to survive for generations, seeing them as a key territory for their social reproduction, cultural and economic. Ecotourism community based emerged as a possibility for sustainable and economic development of these communities. This article was constructed through literature searches based on the Ecotourism differed, the other segments of tourism, by relying on principles that reinforce the commitment to environmental conservation and community benefit. Today the statistics show that Ecotourism is growing more than the average conventional tourism worldwide and especially in Brazil. Among these issues there was the need to consider the form of social organization of local communities in the construction of participatory processes. It is expected to contribute to a reflection on the Ecotourism community based on a perspective that community participation becomes the basis for an effective sustainability, therefore, it is intended that the integrated understanding of topics to facilitate similar processes. Ecotourism is a segment of tourism that uses in a sustainable manner, the natural and cultural heritage, encourages its conservation and seeks the formation of environmental awareness through the interpretation of the environment, promoting the well-being of people involved and the social actors. The use of this potential by developing strategies to strengthen participatory, supportive and sustainable tourism is undoubtedly a great opportunity for the country. In this transition lies the challenge of being established strategies and consolidated practices that encourage cultural development, community organizing and environmental conservation. Practices that ensure access to the sharing of benefits generated by the activity, with encouragement of social entrepreneurship and the creation of inclusive business. And finally, set up sustainable arrangements of social interaction and populations with the territory and the environment in which they live. KEYWORDS: Ecotourism; Tourism; Sustainability


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Intan Rahmawati

<div class="Section1"><div class="Section1"><p class="IABSTRAK"><strong>Abstract:</strong> Well-being appreciates as a holistic unity of one's potential and a state where individuals can receive strengths and weaknesses, have a purpose in life, develop positive relationships that lead to personal growth wherever individuals are, especially in their neighborhoods. The shelter that spawned a housing well-being that looked at the potential benefits optimally could be likened to where he/she lived. Housing well-being requires reflective and formative as a benchmark to assess the welfare of individuals in their dwellings. Formative indicators point to the evaluation of the satisfaction of residential features, while reflective indicators look at the gap between expectations and existing in the neighborhood, one of which is in the neighboring neighborhoods that are part of the residential community. Sense of community is an early stage in the individual to see the community. Based on the map of existing research results in terms of residential satisfaction. The study used this meta-analysis strategy to examine the results of previous research on the consistency between the sense of community in shaping housing welfare. This meta-analysis study resulted that a sense of community contributing to housing welfare.</p><p class="IKEYWORDS"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Kesejahteraan psikologis dijelaskan sebagai suatu pencapaian yang holistik dari potensi psikologis seseorang dan suatu keadaan ketika individu dapat menerima kekuatan maupun kelemahan, memiliki tujuan hidup, mengembangkan relasi positif yang bermuara pada pertumbuhan pribadi dimanapun individu berada, terlebih dalam lingkungan tinggal­nya. Konsep kesejahteraan psikologis inipun berkembang dalam lingkup hunian yang mencetuskan perspektif kesejahteraan psikologis dalam menghuni (<em>housing well-being</em>) yang memandang pada pencapaian potensi secara optimal beserta fungsi psikologis positif seseorang terhadap tempat tinggalnya. Pada indikatornya, <em>housing well-being</em> mensyaratkan reflektif dan formatif sebagai tolak ukur untuk menilai kesejahteraan psikologis individu pada huniannya. Indikator formatif menunjuk pada evaluasi kepuasan menyeluruh fitur hunian, sementara indikator reflektif melihat pada senjang antara harapan dan kenyataan yang ada di lingkungan tinggal, salah satunya adalah kepuasan dalam bertetangga yang merupakan bagian dari komunitas tinggal. S<em>ense of community</em> merupakan tahap awal dalam diri  individu  untuk  melihat  komunitasnya.  Berdasarkan peta penelitian  diperoleh  hasil bahwa terdapat peran <em>sense of community</em> dalam <em>housing well-being</em>. Penelitian yang meng­gunakan strategi meta-analisa ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan peneliti sebelumnya tentang kekonsistenan antara <em>sense of community</em> dalam membentuk <em>housing well-being</em>. Studi meta-analisis ini menghasilkan bahwa <em>sense of community</em> memberikan kontribusi terhadap <em>housing well-being.</em></p></div></div>


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