Implications for coral reef conservation of diver specialization

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP DEARDEN ◽  
MICHELLE BENNETT ◽  
RICK ROLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Scuba Diving ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Client Characteristics ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
Industry Competition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Over Time

One activity with potential to provide a direct incentive for reef conservation is scuba diving. In the absence of effective management, diving can also have negative impacts. This study shows how an understanding of diver specialization can be used to help manage diving and increase its effectiveness as an incentive-driven conservation activity. Surveys were used to assess motivations, satisfactions and dive history of divers in Phuket (Thailand) and categorize divers by degree of specialization. Highly specialized divers were more likely to be on a live-aboard trip than less specialized divers and placed greater importance on the characteristics of the dive itself rather than the trip. Less specialized divers put more emphasis on non-dive characteristics. Satisfaction levels differed significantly among specialization groups in terms of overall satisfaction with the dive experience, satisfactions compared with motivations and satisfactions with specific trip characteristics. Overall there was a decline in satisfaction levels with increasing specialization. These finding are compared to a wildlife tourism model that links impacts with client characteristics and suggests a displacement of specialists by generalists and changes in the limits of acceptable change (LAC) over time. The dive data supported this progression leading to increased industry competition and reduced opportunities to sustain a broad-based dive industry that will act as an incentive-driven mechanism for reef conservation. Specific actions related to reef access and zoning according to a diver opportunity spectrum (DOS), establishing LAC and monitoring programmes, enforcing safety and environmental regulations are suggested to promote a more sustainable approach to dive management. Social science insights can be used to aid reef management strategies and increase the potential for diving to contribute towards reef conservation.

scholarly journals Hypertension management based on general practice care in Shanghai, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Luo ◽  
Yimin Huang ◽  
Yongtao Zheng ◽  
Lichao Wang ◽  
Jue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Medication History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Interventions ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Hypertension is one of the major public health problems in China. General practice (GP)-based disease management programs including hypertension have been widely disseminated in communities of Shanghai since 2010. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness on GP-management profile among patients with hypertension in urban communities of Shanghai, China. Methods A retrospective, community-based study using a primary care database from 2015 to 2017 was performed. The annual effective management of hypertension (≥ 4 times follow-up per year), blood pressure (BP) control rates, drug interventions, comorbidities burden were analyzed, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between factors and uncontrolled BP. Results From 2015 to 2017, the effective management rate increased from 83.6–95.1%. Among them, drug treatment rates and BP control rates displayed a growing trend (P༜0.001), reached 94.1% and 80.6% in 2017, respectively. The medication of antihypertensive drugs was dominated by calcium channel blocker (CCB) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) categories. Of the 8105 patients registered in 2015, 31.0% cases developed new comorbidities in the following two-years. Totally, comorbidities were present in 46.9% patients in 2017. Age, body mass index, combined medication, history of stroke and kidney damage were independently related to uncontrolled BP. Conclusions Although the rate of treatment and control of hypertension were higher in Shanghai than average of country in a community population, the comorbidities accompanied by hypertension was still far from being satisfactory. Future efforts to promote GP and optimize management strategies are needed to improve the current status.

Abstract 099: Prevalence of Headaches in Patients with Fibromuscular Dysplasia: A Report from the US Registry for FMD

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Swan ◽  
Xiaokui Gu ◽  
Eva Kline-Rogers ◽  
Bryan J Wells ◽  
Adrienne Repack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vascular Beds ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
History Of Depression

Introduction: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a polyvasculopathy that may result in aneurysm or dissection in affected arterial beds. A common symptom of FMD is headache (HA). The purpose of this study is to describe and compare characteristics of FMD patients with (w/HA) and without headaches (wo/HA) in the current US Registry for FMD. Method: Data regarding demographics, family history, medical history, and vascular beds affected in patients with FMD were collected from the US Registry for FMD between 2009 and 2016. Patients with complete HA data were included, and data were compared between patients w/HA and wo/HA as reported at time of registry enrollment. Results: Of the 1,433 patients in the registry, 1,251 (87.3%) had complete HA data. Most were female (94.1%), with a mean age of 56.0±12.4. A history of HA was reported in 844 (67.5%) patients and 54.2% reported a HA at least weekly. No difference in gender distribution was seen between HA groups. Patients w/HA were younger at the time of FMD diagnosis (50.6±11.8 years v 58.0±13.8 years, p<0.001) and were less likely to have a history of HTN (66.8% v 74.8%, p=0.004), hyperlipidemia (36.9% v 47.2%, p=0.004), or renal failure (2.6% v 5.7%, p=0.009). Patients w/HA were more likely to have a history of aneurysm or dissection in the extracranial carotid, intracranial, or vertebral arteries (aneurysm: 13.0% v 7.2% p=0.003; dissection: 25.1% v 8.3%, p<0.001). No differences in extracranial carotid, intracranial, or vertebral FMD involvement between patients w/ and w/o HA were seen when those with history of aneurysm or dissection of those arteries were excluded (71.2% v 66.8%, p=0.20). Headache patients more often reported a history of depression (25.1% v 16.5%, p=0.01) and anxiety (28.3% v 18.0%, p=0.003). Conclusion: More than half of FMD patients experience HAs, most on an at least weekly basis. FMD patients with HA tended to be younger, and more likely to have extracranial carotid, intracranial, or vertebral disease as well as aneurysm and dissection. Depression and anxiety was also more common in FMD patients with HA. Further research is needed to classify the types of headaches being experienced as well as effective management strategies.

The Path of Standard Albanian Language Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Sindorela Doli Kryeziu
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Language History ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Body ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract In our paper we will talk about the whole process of standardization of the Albanian language, where it has gone through a long historical route, for almost a century.When talking about standard Albanian language history and according to Albanian language literature, it is often thought that the Albanian language was standardized in the Albanian Language Orthography Congress, held in Tirana in 1972, or after the publication of the Orthographic Rules (which was a project at that time) of 1967 and the decisions of the Linguistic Conference, a conference of great importance that took place in Pristina, in 1968. All of these have influenced chronologically during a very difficult historical journey, until the standardization of the Albanian language.Considering a slightly wider and more complex view than what is often presented in Albanian language literature, we will try to describe the path (history) of the standard Albanian formation under the influence of many historical, political, social and cultural factors that are known in the history of the Albanian people. These factors have contributed to the formation of a common state, which would have, over time, a common standard language.It is fair to think that "all activity in the development of writing and the Albanian language, in the field of standardization and linguistic planning, should be seen as a single unit of Albanian culture, of course with frequent manifestations of specific polycentric organization, either because of divisions within the cultural body itself, or because of the external imposition"(Rexhep Ismajli," In Language and for Language ", Dukagjini, Peja, 1998, pp. 15-18.)

Concepts and Practices for Improving Nitrogen Management for Vegetables

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Land Grant Universities ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
N Management

Efficient N management practices usually involve many potential strategies, but always involve choosing the correct amount of N and the coupling of N management to efficient water management. Nitrogen management strategies are integral parts of improved production practices recommended by land-grant universities such as the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Florida. This paper, which draws heavily on research and experience in Florida, outlines the concepts and technologies for managing vegetable N fertilization to minimize negative impacts on the environment.

Transocean and the History of Tax Inversions

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Susan M. Albring ◽  
Randal J. Elder ◽  
Mitchell A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Taxes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT The first tax inversion in 1983 was followed by small waves of subsequent inversion activity, including two inversions completed by Transocean. Significant media and political attention focused on transactions made by U.S. multinational corporations that were primarily designed to reduce U.S. corporate income taxes. As a result, the U.S. government took several actions to limit inversion activity. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA) significantly lowered U.S. corporate tax rates and one expected impact of TCJA is a reduction of inversion activity. Students use the Transocean inversions to understand the reasons why companies complete a tax inversion and how the U.S. tax code affects inversion activity. Students also learn about the structure of inversion transactions and how they have changed over time as the U.S. government attempted to limit them. Students also assess the tax and economic impacts of inversion transactions to evaluate tax policy.

Historical Representations and Recent Changes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schaflechner
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Representations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 3 introduces the tradition of ritual journeys and sacred geographies in South Asia, then hones in on a detailed history of the grueling and elaborate pilgrimage attached to the shrine of Hinglaj. Before the construction of the Makran Coastal Highway the journey to the Goddess’s remote abode in the desert of Balochistan frequently presented a lethally dangerous undertaking for her devotees, the hardships of which have been described by many sources in Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Sindhi, and Urdu. This chapter draws heavily from original sources, including travelogues and novels, which are supplanted with local oral histories in order to weave a historical tapestry that displays the rich array of practices and beliefs surrounding the pilgrimage and how they have changed over time. The comparative analysis demonstrates how certain motifs, such as austerity (Skt. tapasyā), remain important themes within the whole Hinglaj genre even in modern times while others have been lost in the contemporary era.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Geslani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Indian Religion

The introduction reviews the historiographic problem of the relation between fire sacrifice (yajña) and image worship (pūjā), which have traditionally been seen as opposing ritual structures serving to undergird the distinction of “Vedic” and “Hindu.” Against such an icono- and theocentric approach, it proposes a history of the priesthood in relation to royal power, centering on the relationship between the royal chaplain (purohita) and astrologer (sāṃvatsara) as a crucial, unexplored development in early Indian religion. In order to capture these historical developments, it outlines a method for the comparative study of ritual forms over time.

The Growth of Historical Method in Tang China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hartman ◽  
Anthony DeBlasi
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Successor State ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Official History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter discusses how the full emergence of the centralized, aristocratic state in the seventh century brought about an official historiography that was part of the bureaucracy of that state. Beginning in the Tang, each dynastic court maintained an office of historiography. Over time, a regularized process evolved that, in theory and often in reality, turned the daily production of court bureaucratic documents into an official history of the dynasty. Although this process was ongoing throughout the dynasty, the final, standard ‘dynastic history’ was usually completed after the dynasty's demise by its successor state. Indeed, the very concept of a series of dynastic histories that, taken together, would present an official history of successive, legitimate Chinese states, dates from the eleventh century.

Young Male with Bilateral ICA Dissection: Beyond CADISS Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 251660852098428
Author(s):  
Vikas Bhatia ◽  
Chirag Jain ◽  
Sucharita Ray ◽  
jay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Cervical Artery Dissection ◽  
Stroke Study ◽  
History Of

Objective: To report a case of young male with stroke and bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection. Background: Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study trial has provided some insight on management of patients with ICA dissection. However, there is a need to modify the management strategies as per specific clinical scenario. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 45-year-old male presented with 1 month old history of acute onset numbness of right half of the body with slurring of speech. Computed tomography angiography showed complete occlusion of left cervical ICA just beyond origin with presence of fusiform dilatation and spiral flap in right extracranial cervical ICA. The patient was started on antiplatelets and taken for endovascular procedure using 2-mesh-based carotid stents. Patient was discharged after 3 days on antiplatelet therapy. At 1-year follow-up, there were no fresh symptoms. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the role of successful endovascular management of carotid dissection in a young male. These clinical situations may not be fully represented in trials, and a case-based approach is required.

scholarly journals TIME THROUGH TIME: ITS EVOLUTION THROUGH WESTERN PHILOSOPHY IN SEVEN IDEAS

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (58) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Emily Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Western Philosophy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTWhat is time? Just like everything else in the world, our understanding of time has changed continually over time. This article tracks this question through the history of Western philosophy and looks at major answers from the likes of Aristotle, Kant, and McTaggart.

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