Politics and the Evolution of Inquiry in Political Science

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Further Development

Although we may be pessimistic (with good reason) about contemporary politics, especially as it effects the prospects for the survival of the human species in the long run, we can be more optimistic about the study of politics from a life science perspective. Certainly the two are related. Becoming optimistic about the former may depend in part upon the further development of biopolitics and of the biobehaviorial and life sciences generally.

POLITICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCHING THE PROBLEM OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION:

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
A. K. Kurmangali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Eurasian Region

The article analyzes the theoretical and applied aspects of the issue of regional integration in political science. The authors made an attempt to analyze the nature and characteristics of the integration process in the Eurasian region. Various scientific points of view on the problem of integration are shown. The article compares the approaches to the study of regional integration presented in the article. In today's world. At the same time, the authors show possible prospects and further development of Eurasian integration in the context of the participation of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Psychophysiology, cognition, and political differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Mansell ◽  
Allison Harell ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Patrick A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Science Framework

AbstractWe introduce the Politics and the Life Sciences special issue on Psychophysiology, Cognition, and Political Differences. This issue represents the second special issue funded by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences that adheres to the Open Science Framework for registered reports (RR). Here pre-analysis plans (PAPs) are peer-reviewed and given in-principle acceptance (IPA) prior to data being collected and/or analyzed, and are published contingent upon the preregistration of the study being followed as proposed. Bound by a common theme of the importance of incorporating psychophysiological perspectives into the study of politics, broadly defined, the articles in this special issue feature a unique set of research questions and methodologies. In the following, we summarize the findings, discuss the innovations produced by this research, and highlight the importance of open science for the future of political science research.

Extractivist Geographies: Mining and Development in Late-Nineteenth and Early-Twentieth-Century Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Himley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Development ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Extractive Economies

In Peru, development dreams have not infrequently been hitched to the expansion of mining and other extractive activities. While the Peruvian state pursued strategies to stimulate mining expansion during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the geography of capitalist mining that emerged mapped poorly onto the national development imaginaries of the country’s elites. State-led efforts to mobilize subsurface resources in the service of national-level development conflicted with the tendency for extractive economies to exhibit uneven and discontinuous spatialities. Attention to the long-run unevenness of extractive investment in global resource frontiers such as Peru promises to deepen understandings of both world environmental history and the contemporary politics of resource extractivism. En el Perú, los sueños de desarrollo han sido enganchados con frecuencia a la expansión de la minería y otras actividades extractivas. Mientras que el estado peruano siguió estrategias para estimular la expansión minera a fines del siglo XIX y principios del XX, la geografía de la minería capitalista que surgió no se proyectó bien en los imaginarios de desarrollo nacional de las élites del país. Los esfuerzos dirigidos por el estado para movilizar los recursos del subsuelo al servicio del desarrollo a nivel nacional contradijeron la tendencia de las economías extractivas a mostrar espacialidades desparejas y discontinuas. La atención al carácter desparejo a largo plazo de la inversión extractiva en las fronteras de recursos globales, como Perú, promete profundizar el entendimiento tanto de la historia ambiental mundial como de la política contemporánea del extractivismo de recursos.

scholarly journals Educational Challenges of Molecular Life Science: Characteristics and Implications for Education and Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena A.E. Tibell ◽  
Carl-Johan Rundgren
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Pure Sciences ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Starting Point

Molecular life science is one of the fastest-growing fields of scientific and technical innovation, and biotechnology has profound effects on many aspects of daily life—often with deep, ethical dimensions. At the same time, the content is inherently complex, highly abstract, and deeply rooted in diverse disciplines ranging from “pure sciences,” such as math, chemistry, and physics, through “applied sciences,” such as medicine and agriculture, to subjects that are traditionally within the remit of humanities, notably philosophy and ethics. Together, these features pose diverse, important, and exciting challenges for tomorrow's teachers and educational establishments. With backgrounds in molecular life science research and secondary life science teaching, we (Tibell and Rundgren, respectively) bring different experiences, perspectives, concerns, and awareness of these issues. Taking the nature of the discipline as a starting point, we highlight important facets of molecular life science that are both characteristic of the domain and challenging for learning and education. Of these challenges, we focus most detail on content, reasoning difficulties, and communication issues. We also discuss implications for education research and teaching in the molecular life sciences.

Microfluidics and Beyond – Devices for Applications in Biotechnology -

2004 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Daub ◽  
Rolf M. Kaack ◽  
Oliver Gutmann ◽  
Chris P. Steinert ◽  
Remigius Niekrawietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Microarray Technology ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Liquid Handling ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Integration Density ◽  
Volume Range

AbstractFor the performance of certain analytical and diagnostic tasks in modern Life Science applications high throughput screening (HTS) methods are essential. Miniaturization, parallelization and automation allow to decrease consumption of expensive materials and lead to faster analyzing times. The miniaturization of total assay volumes by the use of microtiter plates as well as the microarray technology have revolutionized the field of biotechnology and Life Sciences. Neither printing of microarrays with droplet volumes of several picoliters, nor handling of precious enzymes in the upper nanoliter range can be accomplished with traditional liquid handling devices like air displacement pipettes. The development of novel low volume liquid handling devices, which are subject to current research, addresses the diverse requirements shifting steadily to lower volumes. Various novel non-contact dispensing methods in the nanoliter and picoliter range are presented and classified according to their working principles like air displacement and direct displacement methods (TopSpot®, NanoJetTM, Dispensing Well PlateTM). Properties of the various methods are compared in terms of flexibility, integration density, speed of operation, precision, addressable volume range and amenability to multi-parallel operation.

Leadership, Law and Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Institutional Transitions ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Many

Abstract This article critically examines the role of political leadership in shaping and sustaining institutional reforms. While leadership has recently attracted a great deal of attention from other social scientists, law and development scholars have only begun to seriously consider the influence of leaders on institutions and development outcomes. The article explores the new mantra that “leadership matters” as cause for both careful optimism and renewed attention to some deeper anxieties about the future directions of law and development. On one side, emerging models of leadership provide important insights about how to change dysfunctional institutions and how to sustain those changes over the long run. A number of major studies published in the last few years have made some version of the claim that successful reforms inevitably require the dedicated leadership of one or more prominent individuals, positing good leaders as a necessary condition for institutional transitions. But the argument that good leadership itself determines good institutions also risks reproducing one of the most obstinate dilemmas in modern social theory: the contest between “structure” and “agency” as causal explanations of social change. If the new mantra that “leadership matters” represents a shift in focus away from the structure of law and politics and towards the influence of individual agents’ choices, actions, talents and beliefs, there is good reason to be sceptical about whether simply privileging agency over structure—or the inverse—has any greater chance of success than the many failed attempts to do just that in other fields of knowledge over the past several decades. Instead, the present moment could be a valuable opportunity to assess whether alternative and more integrative approaches to the longstanding structure-agency impasse in development law and policy are possible.

The Pursuit of Meaning: Placing Biodiversity and Biography at the Center of Biology

2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742110268
Author(s):  
Joel I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Conservation Funding ◽  
Female Scientists

Naturalists enrich our scientific understanding of biodiversity. However, just as countries have fallen behind on commitments to provide biodiversity conservation funding, so has the focus of life science stayed arm’s length. The purpose of this article is to consider why biodiversity should be the center of life sciences education and how biographies of Charles Darwin and the incorporation of female scientists allow important findings, paintings, and journaling as part of standard teachings. The addition of female naturalists will provide role models for diverse, underrepresented student populations. This article suggests that biodiversity and biography become central to hteaching life sciences while supplemented by other practices. Such reallocations provide students an opportunity to learn not only what these scientists discovered but how these individuals “developed” into scientists.

Financial Deepening

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-137
Author(s):  
Shankha Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Financial Contract ◽  
Further Development

This article proposes a tractable model of the evolution of financial structure. Firms invest out of internal assets and by borrowing from banks and the financial market. In the presence of moral hazard, whereby owner–managers may intentionally reduce profitability of investment to appropriate resources, banks can monitor firms and partially alleviate agency problems. Under the optimal financial contract, banks monitor and outside investors lend to firms only if they borrow from banks too. The model is broadly consistent with financial development facts. Capital accumulation is facilitated by an increasing reliance on both types of external finance. Initially firms rely more heavily on expensive bank finance. With further development, banks eliminate much of the agency problem and firms substitute in favour of cheaper market finance. The short- and long-run effects of financial sector reforms are considered. JEL: E44, G20, O16

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