Grain yield response of corn, soybean, and oat grown in a strip intercropping system

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Ghaffarzadeh ◽  
Fernando García Préchac ◽  
Richard M. Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
Strip Intercropping ◽  
Production Characteristics

AbstractConventional Midwestern U.S. row crop agriculture has created significant environmental problems and made the farm economy reliant on government subsidies. Environmentally friendly and economically profitable alternatives are badly needed. This study addresses production characteristics of strip intercropping, a system that may meet both requirements. Two experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990: one on a cooperating farmer's field with ridge tillage and the second at a university research farm with conventional tillage. The objective was to evaluate grain yields of different rows in adjoining strips (3.8 or 4.6 m wide) of three crops. Corn, soybean, and oat strips were either inter seeded with nondormant alfalfa or seeded with hairy vetch as a cover crop after oat grain harvest. Outside corn rows had significantly higher yields than center rows in 1990, when plant water stress was low, but under dry conditions in 1989, early season competition for water caused corn to yield less in the row bordering oat than in the row bordering soybean. Comparative soybean yields in border and center rows also depended on rainfall; with adequate water, soybean yield next to the oat strip was greater than or equal to yield in the center of the strip. Oat border rows yielded higher than those in the oat strip center. Timing differences in crop life cycles and water availability seem to influence how these crop species interact, particularly at the border positions. Overall, the strip intercropping system seems a suitable alternative to current practices.

scholarly journals High probability of yield gain through conservation agriculture in dry regions for major staple crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Su ◽  
Benoit Gabrielle ◽  
Damien Beillouin ◽  
David Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Yield Gain

AbstractConservation agriculture (CA) has been promoted to mitigate climate change, reduce soil erosion, and provide a variety of ecosystem services. Yet, its impacts on crop yields remains controversial. To gain further insight, we mapped the probability of yield gain when switching from conventional tillage systems (CT) to CA worldwide. Relative yield changes were estimated with machine learning algorithms trained by 4403 paired yield observations on 8 crop species extracted from 413 publications. CA has better productive performance than no-till system (NT), and it stands a more than 50% chance to outperform CT in dryer regions of the world, especially with proper agricultural management practices. Residue retention has the largest positive impact on CA productivity comparing to other management practices. The variations in the productivity of CA and NT across geographical and climatical regions were illustrated on global maps. CA appears as a sustainable agricultural practice if targeted at specific climatic regions and crop species.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Hannah Holleman
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Dust Bowl ◽  
Static Electricity ◽  
Southern Plains ◽  
The World ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
The U.S

This introductory chapter provides a background of the 1930s Dust Bowl on the U.S. southern plains, where the ancient grasslands that protected the soil from prairie winds and rains and nourished regional species were destroyed within just a few decades, following the violent opening of the plains to white settlement and the global market in the 1800s. Under pressure from the vagaries of the world economy, settlers sheared the land to expand cash-crop agriculture and ranching. As major drought descended on the plains, winds and static electricity lifted the desiccated, exposed topsoil, forming dust storms on an unprecedented scale. Such massive loss of soil and continued dry conditions meant the land could no longer support life as it once had. By the end of the 1930s, tens of thousands of people were displaced. Hence, when scientists today predict the increasing possibility of Dust Bowl-like conditions, they are signaling a particular kind of extreme ecological and social change.

Yield responsiveness and response curvature as essential criteria for the evaluation and calibration of soil phosphate tests for wheat

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
JM Morgan ◽  
J Bradley ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Fertilizer Effectiveness ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Actual Response

In a study using data from 57 wheat field experiments on the central-western slopes of New South Wales, eight soil phosphate tests (Bray,, Bray,, alkaline fluoride, Mehlich, Truog, lactate, Olsen and Colwell) were evaluated and calibrated in terms of responsiveness (�) and response curvature (C) parameters derived from the Mitscherlich equation. The results showed that, regardless of how well correlated a soil test is with yield responsiveness, it cannot give a satisfactory estimate of fertilizer requirement unless yield response curvature is also taken into account. The tendency of soil test values, especially of the Colwell test, to be negatively related to response curvature, and hence inversely related to fertilizer effectiveness, compounded the problem of directly relating soil test values to fertilizer requirement. The best test (lactate) accounted for only 28% of the variance in fertilizer requirement, compared with 50% of the variance in responsiveness, and the worst test (Colwell) was completely unrelated to fertilizer requirements. When fertilizer requirement was estimated from the lactate test value and the actual response curvature for each experiment, 68% of the variance (from the actual fertilizer requirement) was accounted for. Thirteen experiments were subject to drier conditions than the others, and these were less responsive and had lower fertilizer requirements relative to soil test values. In relation to yield responsiveness, the Colwell test was most sensitive (P < 0.001) to dry conditions, while the two best tests (lactate and Bray,) were the least sensitive (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated the superiority of acidic anionic extractants over alkaline bicarbonate extractants on moderately acid to alkaline wheat-growing soils.

scholarly journals Convergent Evolution of the Seed Shattering Trait

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Di Vittori ◽  
Tania Gioia ◽  
Monica Rodriguez ◽  
Elisa Bellucci ◽  
Elena Bitocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Seed Shattering ◽  
Brassicaceae Species ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Harvesting Efficiency ◽  
The Common

Loss of seed shattering is a key trait in crop domestication, particularly for grain crops. For wild plants, seed shattering is a crucial mechanism to achieve greater fitness, although in the agricultural context, this mechanism reduces harvesting efficiency, especially under dry conditions. Loss of seed shattering was acquired independently in different monocotyledon and dicotyledon crop species by ‘convergent phenotypic evolution’, leading to similar low dehiscent and indehiscent phenotypes. Here, the main aim is to review the current knowledge about seed shattering in crops, in order to highlight the tissue modifications that underlie the convergent phenotypic evolution of reduced shattering in different types of fruit, from the silique of Brassicaceae species, to the pods of legumes and spikes of cereals. Emphasis is given to legumes, with consideration of recent data obtained for the common bean. The current review also discusses to what extent convergent phenotypes arose from parallel changes at the histological and/or molecular levels. For this reason, an overview is included of the main findings relating to the genetic control of seed shattering in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and in other important crops.

scholarly journals Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
P Content ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.) are the major crop species grown in rotation on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. Comparisons among the species for yield responses to applied phosphorus (P), effects of applied P on growth rates of shoots, P response efficiency for shoot and grain production, and the pattern for accumulation of P into shoots during growth and into grain at maturity are rare, or are not known, and were quantified in the glasshouse study reported here. Size and P content (P concentration multiplied by yield) of sown seed were in the order canola < wheat < lupin. Therefore, yield responses to applied P were first observed at ~10 days after sowing (DAS) for canola, ~17 DAS for wheat, and ~60 DAS for lupin. Lupin shoots showed no yield response to applied P at the first harvest at 51 DAS. Otherwise all species showed large yield, P concentration, and P content responses to applied P for all harvests at 51, 78, 87, 101, 121, and 172 DAS. To produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, the relevant data for cropping, lupin required ~67% less P than wheat, canola required ~40% less P than wheat, and canola required ~75% more P than lupin. Growth rates, and P response efficiency, were generally largest for canola, followed by wheat, then lupin. For shoots, P accumulation was in the order lupin > wheat > canola at 51 DAS, canola > wheat > lupin at 78 and 87 DAS, canola > wheat = lupin at 101 DAS, and all 3 species were about similar at 121 DAS. For accumulation of P into shoots plus grain at maturity (172 DAS) the order was canola > lupin > wheat, and for grain only was canola > wheat = lupin.

Fertiliser N and P applications on two Vertosols in north-eastern Australia. 1. Comparative grain yield responses for two different cultivation ages

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Lester ◽  
Colin J. Birch ◽  
Chris W. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Eastern Australia

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the 2 most limiting nutrients for grain production within the northern grains region of Australia. The response to fertiliser N and P inputs is influenced partly by the age of cultivation for cropping, following a land use change from native pasture. There are few studies that have assessed the effects of both N and P fertiliser inputs on grain yield and soil fertility in the long term on soils with contrasting ages of cultivation with fertility levels that are running down v. those already at the new equilibrium. Two long-term N × P experiments were established in the northern grains region: one in 1985 on an old (>40 years) cultivation soil on the Darling Downs, Qld; the second in 1996 on relatively new (10 years) cultivation on the north-west plains of NSW. Both experiments consisted of fertiliser N rates from nil to 120 kg N/ha.crop in factorial combination with fertiliser P from nil to 20 kg P/ha.crop. Opportunity cropping is practiced at both sites, with winter and summer cereals and legumes sown. On the old cultivation soil, fertiliser N responses were large and consistent for short-fallow crops, while long fallowing reduced the size and frequency of N response. Short-fallow sorghum in particular has responded up to the highest rate of fertiliser N (120 kg N/ha.crop). Average yield increase with fertiliser N compared with nil for 5 short-fallow sorghum crops was 1440, 2650, and 3010 kg/ha for the 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha, respectively. Average agronomic efficiency of N for these crops was 36, 33, and 25 kg grain/kg fertiliser N applied. This contrasts with relatively new cultivation soil, where fertiliser N response was generally limited to the first 30 kg N/ha applied during periods of high cropping intensity. Response to P input was consistent for crop species, VAM sensitivity, and starting soil test P level. At both the old and new cultivation sites, generally all winter cereals responded to a 10 kg P/ha application, and more than half of long-fallow sorghum crops from both sites had increased grain yield with P application. At the old cultivation site, average yield gain for 10 kg P/ha.crop treatment was 480 kg/ha for all winter cereal sowings, and 180 kg/ha for long-fallow sorghum. Short-fallow sorghum did not show yield response to P treatment.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Impacts on Midwestern Row‐Crop Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Schnitkey ◽  
Nicholas D. Paulson ◽  
Scott H. Irwin ◽  
Jonathan Coppess ◽  
Bruce J. Sherrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Row Crop ◽  
Crop Agriculture

Tillage and fertilizer rate effects on yam yield (Dioscorea alata L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Wanda I. Lugo ◽  
Héctor M. Lugo ◽  
Agenol González ◽  
Nydia Rafols ◽  
Carlos Almodóvar
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Good Physical Condition ◽  
No Till ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Recommended Level

In Puerto Rico yam (Dioscorea spp.) is usually planted in thoroughly tilled soils of the mountain region. An experiment was established in an Ultisol (aquic tropudults), a Vertisol (udic chromusterts) and an Oxisol tropeptic haplorthox) to study the effect of tillage and fertilizer rates on yield of the Binugas yam (Dioscorea alata L.). Three tillage treatments (conventional, deep and minimum) were compared to no-till; and three fertilizer levels (0, 1X and 2X the recommended level) were evaluated. The highest yields were observed in the conventionally tilled plots but differences among tillage treatments were significant only in the Ultisol and Vertisol soils. At these sites, yields under no-tillage were significantly lower than those under conventional tillage. No yield response to tillage was observed in the Oxisol, possibly because of the good physical condition of this soil. Response to fertilizer treatments was observed only in the Oxisol, a soil of low native fertility.

Impact of tillage and crop rotation on ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis) of lentil

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ascochyta Blight ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Ascochyta Lentis ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rotation Study

Two trials were conducted from 1996 to 1999; one at Indian Head, SK, to examine the impact of tillage management on the severity of ascochyta blight of lentil, caused by Ascochyta lentis (teleomorph Didymella lentis), and a second at Saskatoon, SK, to assess the impact of crop rotation. In 1995, the blight-susceptible lentil cv. Eston was seeded across both sites and later inoculated with blight-infested lentil residue to provide a uniform level of infection. Treatments were initiated in the spring of 1996. Ascochyta blight severity was assessed on each lentil plot during the growing season. Seed quality and yield were assessed each year. A split-block design was used to minimize movement of inoculum among plots over years. In the tillage management trial at Indian Head, the main plot treatments were 0, 1, or 2 yr between lentil crops, with spring wheat as the alternate crop; the subplot treatments were zero-till vs. conventional tillage. Ascochyta blight severity was substantially higher under zero-till than under conventional tillage in the continuous lentil treatment when conditions were conducive to blight development. However, tillage management had little effect on severity when there were 2 yr between successive lentil crops. We conclude that tillage management is unlikely to have an important impact on blight severity, except in rotations with short re-cropping intervals. In the crop rotation study at Saskatoon, the main plot treatments were two rotation sequences and the subplot treatments were three crop species (canola, barley, pea) planted in 1996. Rotation 1 was seeded to cv. Eston in 1997 and barley in 1998; Rotation 2 was seeded to barley in 1997 and cv. Eston in 1998. Both rotations were seeded to cv. Eston in 1999. Also, a plot seeded continuously to cv. Eston was included at one end of each replicate block as a control. Blight was more severe in continuous lentil than in the other crop rotations, and ascochyta blight levels in 1999 were lowest where barley followed the 1996 lentil crop for both Rotation 1 and 2. However, the intervening nonhost crop had little impact on seed infection or seed yield. We conclude that at least two nonhost crops between successive lentil crops are required to substantially reduce inoculum of A. lentis following a disease outbreak. Key words: Didymella lentis, zero-till management, fusarium root rot, Lens culinaris, barley, canola, field pea

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