Cyperus entrerianus: A Little Known Aggressive Sedge in the Southeastern United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Carter ◽  
Charles T. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Warm Temperate

Four of the world's worst weeds are in the genus Cyperus. These are smallflower umbrella sedge (C. difformis L.), yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus L.), riceflatsedge (C. iria L.), and the world's worst weed, purple nutsedge (C. rotundus L.) (7). Fourteen additional Cyperus species are listed in the Composite List of Weeds1. Cyperus is in the sedge family (Cyperaceae) which consists of about 600 species found mostly in tropical to warm-temperate regions around the world (9). Cyperus entrerianus Böckeler is an aggressive, robust, fast growing, tenacious pest that produces large numbers of seeds (4). Apparently, it was introduced into the southeastern United States from temperate South America or Mexico (2). Presently, it is found in the southeastern United States from southeastern Texas to southern Georgia (4). The senior author has observed severe infestations of this weed in ditches, pastures, and fallow fields in southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas. Our objectives are to alert weed scientists, agronomists, and others concerned to the potential of this species and to discuss its biology, distribution, ecology, and taxonomy.

Description of Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusandC. esculentus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
The World

Both purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL. # CYPRO) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentusL. # CYPES) are problem weeds in crops in many parts of the world. Yellow nutsedge is found in all U.S. states. Purple nutsedge is confined to the southern region of the United States, ranging from North Carolina across southern Arkansas and into southern California.

An Undergraduate Student Project to Improve Mechanical Control of Perennial Nutsedges with a Peanut Digger in Organic Crop Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-867
Author(s):  
W. Carroll Johnson ◽  
Thomas R. Way ◽  
David G. Beale
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Organic Crop Production

Yellow and purple nutsedge are common in the southeastern United States, and both perennial species are difficult to control in organic crop-production systems. Tubers are generally confined to the upper portions of the soil profile and are vulnerable to desiccation when brought to the soil surface. A peanut digger is a common implement found in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States and has shown promise controlling perennial nutsedges in fallow sites. The peanut digger undercuts perennial nutsedges, deposits weeds on the soil surface, and exposes weeds to desiccation. However, rainfall after tillage with the peanut digger allows displaced nutsedges to survive. As part of a senior-level class project, undergraduate mechanical engineering students from Auburn University designed and constructed a cart attached to a peanut digger that collected nutsedges. Key features included a custom hitch that allowed the correct plane of movement and a hydraulic conveyor system that discarded the perennial nutsedges off-site, away from the field. The prototype was tested in a fallow location in the summer of 2014 with a yellow nutsedge infestation averaging 148 plants m−2. One week after the initial field test, tillage using the peanut digger with specialized cart reduced yellow nutsedge densities in the tilled area by > 99%.

scholarly journals First Report of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and Purple Nutsedge (C. rotundus) in Georgia Naturally Infected with Impatiens necrotic spot virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Martínez-Ochoa ◽  
S. W. Mullis ◽  
A. S. Csinos ◽  
T. M. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Impatiens Necrotic Spot Virus ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Necrotic Spot ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Black Shank ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Das Elisa

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), family Bunyaviridae, genus Tospovirus, is an emerging virus found mostly in ornamentals under greenhouse production. INSV has been detected in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Georgia and Texas (3) and recently in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in the southeastern United States (2) but little is known about INSV distribution and impact on these crops. Noncrop plant hosts are likely to contribute to disease spread by serving as reservoirs for the virus and reproductive hosts for thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande), which transmit the virus. Yellow nutsedge, a native of North America, and purple nutsedge introduced from Eurasia, are considered serious weed problems in the southeastern United States. To date, there are no reports of natural INSV infections in these weeds. A survey was conducted at two research farms in Tift County, Georgia to determine if yellow and purple nutsedge plants were naturally infected with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and INSV. The first field at the Black Shank Farm had been planted with flue-cured tobacco K-326 earlier in the year and fallow at the time of sampling. The second field at the Ponder Farm was planted at the time of sampling with yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). In early October 2002, 90 nutsedge plants were taken at random from each site. Leaf and root tissues of each of the nutsedge plants were tested for TSWV and INSV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) alkaline phosphatase antisera kits (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). No visible symptoms of INSV or TSWV were observed. Samples from the field at the Black Shank Farm resulted in 2 of 26 positive for INSV in purple nutsedge plants and 6 of 64 in yellow nutsedge plants. At the Ponder Farm, 3 of 12 were positive for INSV in purple nutsedge plants and 14 of 78 in yellow nutsedge plants. None of the samples in either site tested positive for TSWV. The DAS-ELISA positive samples were verified for INSV using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as previously described by Dewey et al. (1). Total RNA extracts were obtained from the DAS-ELISA positive nutsedge samples using RNeasy extraction kits (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). The RT-PCR was carried out with primer 1F: 5′-TCAAG(C/T) CTTC(G/T)GAA(A/G)GTGAT 3′ (1) and primer 2R: 5′-ATGAACAAAGCAAAGATTACC 3′ specific to the 3′ end of the INSV N gene open reading frame (GenBank Accession No. NC003624). DAS-ELISA negative tissues of Cyperus esculentus L. and Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC and an E. sonchifolia DAS-ELISA positive for INSV were included in the reactions as controls. All of the DAS-ELISA positive nutsedge samples yielded an amplification product with the expected size of 298 bp when PCR products were resolved by agarose (0.7%) gel electrophoresis. The relatively high occurrence of INSV found in the sampled fields may explain the recent increase in incidence of INSV in susceptible field crops. Although yellow nutsedge is more common than purple nutsedge in North America, the potential for dispersal of INSV in both species could be significant because of the nature of nutsedge tuber survival and spreading capabilities. References: (1) R. A. Dewey et al. J. Virol. Methods 56:19, 1996. (2) N. Martínez-Ochoa et al. On-line publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2003-0417-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2003. (3) S. S. Pappu et al. Plant Dis. 83:966,1999.

scholarly journals The Sarracenia Pitcher Plants and Bog Gardening

2008 ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
T Lawrence Mellichamp
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Short Note ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Pitcher Plants ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World

The Sarracenia pitcher plants are among the world’s most beautiful and intriguing plants, and being carnivorous adds an extra dimension of fascination. They are endemic to North America – 10 species are found only in the southeastern United States and one species is widely distributed, from the northeastern US and across Canada. They are easy to cultivate if you understand their basic needs and are grown the world over. Every botanical garden should have them because they are so popular with the public. They go hand-in-hand with other unusual carnivorous plants to make a display that is captivating (puns intended!) to both children and adults. This paper covers types of pitcher plants, their habitats, brief descriptions of the species, a key to identification, cultivation and a short note on conservation.

scholarly journals Understanding Women’s Experience in Graduate Mathematics Through a Focused Identity Lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Lynn Liao Hodge ◽  
Lauren Wagener Riva
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Grade School ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Despite relatively equal proportions of boys and girls enrolled in STEM courses during grade school, women are significantly underrepresented in STEM degrees and occupations around the world (Hill, Corbett, and St. Rose, 2010). The field of mathematics reflects this trend. Our focus in this article is on three women graduate students in mathematics at a University in the Southeastern United States. In particular, we were interested in their identities that include their perspective on the graduate program. Specifically, we sought to understand the norms, expectations, and resources of the social situation in which their identities were developing. As will become apparent, the three students illustrate different identities as they participated in graduate school mathematics.

scholarly journals The Future of Tree Improvement in the Southeastern United States: Alternative Visions for the Next Decade

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Byram ◽  
T.J. Mullin ◽  
T.L. White ◽  
J.P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Societal Expectations

Abstract The tree improvement programs founded in the southeastern United States 50 years ago have been the prototype for many silvicultural research programs around the world. During that time, they have been directly or indirectly responsible for much of the remarkable progress in forest productivity seen in the southeastern United States. They have also exported plant material, ideas, and trained professionals to many other parts of the world. These programs, models for collaborative research and development, are now entering a critical period fraught with both promise and peril. Extraordinary progress in both forest genetics and tree improvement is achievable during the next 10 years. Advances in physiology, genomics, and molecular biology provide tools to make rapid improvements in vegetative propagation, selection efficiencies, deployment strategies, and the possibility of creating crop trees with novel characteristics. This article discusses four main areas of concern that influence the future of tree improvement: economics, societal expectations, rate of scientific advancement, and organizational infrastructure. Key to the economic concerns are the restraints that arise from the fact that wood and fiber products are temporarily abundant in the global market. Under these conditions, tree improvement is restrained to adding value either by lowering production costs or by making qualitative changes capable of transforming the output into higher value specialty products. Key to the societal expectations is how tree improvement practitioners address the limits set by society on acceptable technology. We have a responsibility to shape public and corporate policies by helping evaluate the risks and benefits of alternative technologies. We have more control of the advancement of science and its silvicultural application. Nevertheless, advances in science occur at irregular intervals and are impossible to predict. The one area of our future that we collectively control is the infrastructure by which we organize our efforts. Criteria for successful infrastructure will be those that support continuity of effort, maximize return from limited resources, and foster cooperative research while simultaneously promoting the development of proprietary intellectual property. South. J. Appl. For. 29(2):88–95.

Communicating Organizational Trust: An Exploration of the Link Between Discourse and Action

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Kodish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Direction Of Fit ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Parts

Communication has frequently received attention in studies on trust. One question that has remained unanswered is, How is organizational trust communicated? Consistent with the view of organizations as discursive entities, research presented here examines discursive qualities of trust and attempts to provide an understanding of the manner in which organizational trust is communicated. Research presented in this article includes the results of two studies conducted in two different parts of the country: a large metropolitan area in the southeastern United States and a regional center in the south. Findings reveal that against the background of a continuous discursive and interactional flow, trust is communicated as a speech act characterized by the world-to-words direction of fit. Findings have implications for both theory and practice.

scholarly journals Two new species of <i>Mennerotodus</i> Zhelezko, 1994 (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), from the Paleogene of the southeastern United States

Fossil Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
David J. Cicimurri ◽  
Jun A. Ebersole ◽  
George Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Early Paleocene

Abstract. Mennerotodus Zhelezko, 1994, is an extinct lamniform shark known to occur in Paleogene strata of the Tethyan region of Asia and Europe. Although only a single species has been named, multiple subspecies have been erected and used as biostratigraphic tools in Asia. The genus has not been reported with confidence outside of the Tethyan region, but we have identified two new species of Mennerotodus from Paleogene deposits of the southeastern United States. Mennerotodus mackayi sp. nov. is described by teeth occurring in the lower Paleocene (Danian Stage) Pine Barren Member of the Clayton Formation of southern Alabama. A middle Eocene (Bartonian) species, Mennerotodus parmleyi sp. nov., is based on material occurring in the Clinchfield Formation in central Georgia. The early Paleocene record could indicate a North American origin for Mennerotodus relatively soon after the K–Pg event, with subsequent radiation to other parts of the world. The genus is likely more widely distributed than is currently known, but teeth can easily be overlooked due to their similarity to other taxa.

Immigration and the Historical Formation of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Moya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Regional Inequalities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Brazilian Culture

More than 98 percent of the Brazilian population descend from people who arrived in the country, willingly or forced, during the last five centuries. French and Dutch Calvinists established colonies during the 1500s and 1600s. The Portuguese, including Jewish conversos, expelled these imperial rivals and, unlike in Portuguese India, managed to forge the Luso-Brazilian culture to which later arrivals would eventually assimilate. Close to four-tenths of the eleven million slaves trafficked across the Atlantic landed in Brazil, giving the country the largest Afro-descendant population in the world outside Nigeria. The large numbers, the traffic’s long temporal span, and the country’s close connection to Portuguese Africa infused Brazil with distinctively intense and varied African ethnic cultures that shaped both the slaves’ strategies of adaptation and resistance and the national ethos. Brazil also received over five million immigrants after its independence in 1822, most of them between the 1880s and the 1920s. Latin Europe accounted for four-fifths of the arrivals (1.8 million Portuguese, 1.5 million Italians, and 700,000 Spaniards). Others came from elsewhere in Europe and beyond, giving Brazil the largest population of Japanese descendants in the world outside Japan, the largest of Lebanese descendants outside Lebanon, and the second largest of German descendants outside Germany (after the United States). This engendered a strikingly multicultural society. Yet over a few generations, Brazil absorbed these new populations in a manner that resembles the experience of the rest of the New World. Economically, immigrants turned southern Brazil from a colonial backwater into the richest region of the country, but, in the process, they also brought racially embedded regional inequalities to the forefront.

scholarly journals The truths and falsehoods of post-truth leaders

Leadership ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-764
Author(s):  
Sverre Spoelstra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The World

Over the last three years, the idea of a ‘post-truth society’ has become a common talking point. Politicians from around the world, from Europe to South America to the United States, have been labelled as ‘post-truth leaders’, with Donald Trump being portrayed as the standard bearer for this new kind of political discourse. This article suggests that post-truth leadership is nothing new. Ever since Max Weber developed his notion of charismatic leadership in the early 20th century, Western societies have been infatuated with the idea that leaders ought not concern themselves too much with factual reality. In a sense, leadership has been post-truth all along.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document