Epidemiology ofStaphylococcus aureusin patients with cystic fibrosis

SUMMARYSeven hundred and thirty-four isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus, recovered from the sputum of 238 cystic fibrosis patients in six French hospitals, were characterized by esterase electrophoretic typing, capsular polysaccharide serotyping and phage typing and tested against 14 antibiotics for sensitivity. Thirty-four esterase electrophoretic types were found with a genotypic diversity coefficient of 0·91. Five hundred and forty-eight (78·7%) isolates produced capsular polysaccharide and 350 (50·3%) were type 8. Four hundred and sixty isolates (66·6%) were phage typable and 202 (28·2%) were lysed by group III bacteriophages. No esterase electrophoretic type, capsular type or phage type was specific to cystic fibrosis. Isolates belonged to a wide range of types, similar to strains acquired outside hospitals. Eighty-five patients had three or more consecutive isolates over at least 6 months. The ability ofS. aureusto persist for long periods of time has been demonstrated in 73% of them. Methicillin-resistance was encountered among 73 strains (9·8%) which were also multiresistant. Two hundred and eighty-nine (39·9%) strains were sensitive to all antibiotics tested except to penicillin. Pristinamycin and co-trimoxazole were the most effective antibiotics. These results could contribute to the elaboration of a rational approach to the prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory staphylococcal infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

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PHAGE GROUPS AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ASSOCIATED WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.24.1.40 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 40-42

Author(s):

Fred E. Pittman ◽

Calderon Howe ◽

Louise Goode ◽

Paul A. di Sant'Agnese

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Phage Type ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Phage Group ◽

Staph Aureus ◽

Group Iii

In this study, 198 strains of hemolytic, coagulase-positive Staph. aureus were recovered from 84 patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and some of their relatives. The majority of the organisms fell into phage group III and were resistant in vitro to penicillin and other antibiotics. No single phage type seemed to be unduly prevalent in this group of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

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Methicillin resistance and vancomycin heteroresistance in Staphylococcus aureus in cystic fibrosis patients

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1007/s10096-010-1000-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1277-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

V. Cafiso ◽

T. Bertuccio ◽

D. Spina ◽

F. Campanile ◽

D. Bongiorno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance

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Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44080077 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 593

Author(s):

Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽

Renata Kaukėnienė ◽

Aleksandras Antuševas ◽

Alvydas Pavilonis

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Phage Type ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phage Group ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

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Origins and Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Lineages

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00521-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (10) ◽

pp. 3237-3244 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

A. R. Gomes ◽

H. Westh ◽

H. de Lencastre

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Evolutionary Trajectory ◽

Phage Group ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Group Iii ◽

Resistance To Penicillin ◽

The 1960S

ABSTRACT Most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates identified among blood isolates collected in Denmark between 1957 and 1970 belonged to either phage group III or the closely related 83A complex and had a PSTM antibiotype (resistance to penicillin [P], streptomycin [S], tetracycline [T], and methicillin [M]). Recently, some of these isolates were shown to have the same genetic backgrounds as contemporary epidemic MRSA isolates, and Danish methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from the 1960s with a PST antibiotype were proposed to have been the recipients of the mecA gene in those lineages. In this study, we investigated the genetic backgrounds of isolates from the 83A complex that were fully susceptible or resistant to penicillin only in order to try to trace the evolutionary trajectory of contemporary MRSA lineages. We also studied MSSA and MRSA isolates from other phage groups in order to investigate if they had the potential to develop into contemporary MRSA clones. Most susceptible or penicillin-resistant isolates from phage group III or the 83A complex belonged to sequence type 8 (ST8) or ST5, while four isolates were ST254. STs 30, 45 and 25 were represented by MSSA isolates from other phage groups, which also included several singletons. Representatives of most of the current major epidemic MRSA lineages were identified among fully susceptible isolates collected in the 1960s, suggesting that these were MSSA lineages which carried genetic traits important for superior epidemicity before the acquisition of methicillin resistance.

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DEVELOPMENT AND ANAYSIS OF A CYSTIC FIBROSIS SPECIFIC ANTIBIOGRAM

10.22541/au.161651491.19631967/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. Elson ◽

Ellen Meier ◽

Doug Swanson ◽

Rangaraj Selvarangan ◽

Megan Gripka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Selection Methods ◽

Antibiotic Selection ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Oropharyngeal Swab ◽

Lung Infections ◽

Over Time

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic therapy is essential for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. CF-specific airway pathophysiology and frequent antimicrobial exposure increase the risk of resistant infections, creating challenges to antibiotic selection. Antibiotic selection is generally based on previous cultures or hospital-wide antibiograms (HWA); however, most HWA exclude CF isolates. We developed a multi-year CF antibiogram (CFA) to compare with HWA and inform antibiotic selection. METHODS: CF culture data were collected 2015 - 2019 at a single pediatric CF center. All sputum and oropharyngeal swab isolates are included in the CFA. Demographics, microorganism isolates, and susceptibility information are presented. Susceptibilities were reported for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Achromobacter species, Burkholderia species and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. RESULTS: Over five years, the proportion of all SA isolates having methicillin-resistance was higher in the HWA (32%) than the CFA (28%). The most common gram-negative CF isolate was PA. Both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms were less susceptible in the CFA versus the HWA. CF isolates from sputum were less susceptible than oropharyngeal. MSSA and MRSA had significantly lower clindamycin susceptibility in the CFA compared to the HWA (MSSA 71% vs 79%, p<0.0001 and MRSA 39% vs 83%, p<0.0001). For every antimicrobial tested, PA isolates were less susceptible in the CFA compared to the HWA. There did not appear to be significant changes in susceptibility of CF isolates over time. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have clinical implications for empiric antimicrobial selection. A CFA will allow monitoring of resistance over time.

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PHAGE-TYPING AND ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCI ISOLATED IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m56-041 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 346-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

E. T. Bynoe ◽

R. H. Elder ◽

R. D. Comtois

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

General Hospital ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Phage Type ◽

Student Nurses ◽

Phage Typing ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Group Iii ◽

Australian Hospital

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various sources in a hospital, from March, 1953, to March, 1954, were phage-typed and tested for sensitivity to seven antibiotics. Of the dressings from 1400 clean operations, 15.7% were found to contain S. aureus and 8% of the postoperative wounds were clinically infected. Of 516 cultures, 95.4% were typable with the 32 phages used. Group III strains were predominant in the cultures from the patients and showed a higher degree of resistance to many of the antibiotics than did the strains of Groups I, II, and IV or the strains isolated from student nurses on starting their training, before exposure to the hospital environment. While a high proportion of strains in the hospital were resistant to the more commonly used antibiotics, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and streptomycin, very few strains were resistant to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, or neomycin. A new phage type '81', the causative agent of 50% of the boils and abscesses investigated, was discovered. This has been found to be a common strain in Canadian hospitals and its similarity to the Australian hospital strain '80' is pointed out.

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Molecular Analysis of Human and Canine Staphylococcus aureus Strains Reveals Distinct Extended-Host-Spectrum Genotypes Independent of Their Methicillin Resistance

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02704-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 655-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. Vincze ◽

I. Stamm ◽

S. Monecke ◽

P. A. Kopp ◽

T. Semmler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Microarray Analysis ◽

Dna Microarray ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Content Type ◽

Dna Microarray Analysis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Host Spectrum

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureuscauses a wide range of infectious diseases in humans and various animal species. Although presumptive host-specific factors have been reported, certain genetic lineages seem to lack specific host tropism, infecting a broad range of hosts. Such Extended-Host-Spectrum Genotypes (EHSGs) have been described in canine infections, caused by common regional human methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) lineages. However, information is scarce about the occurrence of methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) EHSGs. To gain deeper insight into EHSG MSSA and EHSG MRSA of human and canine origin, a comparative molecular study was carried out, including a convenience sample of 120 currentS. aureus(70 MRSA and 50 MSSA) isolates obtained from infected dogs.spatyping revealed 48 differentspatypes belonging to 16 different multilocus sequence typing clonal complexes (MLST-CCs). Based on these results, we further compared a subset of canine (n= 48) and human (n= 14) strains, including isolates of clonal complexes CC5, CC22, CC8, CC398, CC15, CC45, and CC30 by macrorestriction (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) and DNA-microarray analysis. None of the methods employed was able to differentiate between clusters of human and canine strains independently of their methicillin resistance. In contrast, DNA-microarray analysis revealed 79% of the 48 canine isolates as carriers of the bacteriophage-encoded human-specific immune evasion cluster (IEC). In conclusion, the high degree of similarity between human and canineS. aureusstrains regardless of whether they are MRSA or MSSA envisions the existence of common genetic traits that enable these strains as EHSGs, challenging the concept of resistance-driven spillover of MRSA.

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PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO METHICILLIN RESISTANCE

10.36106/ijsr/0617453 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Asmita Singh ◽

Anita Pandey ◽

Amit Singh ◽

Priyanka Chaturvedi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Hospital Setting ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Level

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes wide range of clinical infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen causing hospital acquired infection leadings to signicant morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE:To study the prole of Staphylococcus aureusisolated from patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. RESULT: Majority of clinical isolates of S.aurueswas obtained from patients of skin and soft tissue infection(54.66%) followed by those suffering from respiratory infection (13.33%), blood stream infection (13.33%) and UTI(8%). S.aureus was predominantly isolated from IPD samples, maximum cases were in the age group of 31-40 years and males outnumbered females. There was predominance of MRSA 112 (74.66%)which showed high level of resistance to penicillin (100%), ciprooxacin (82.14 %), co-trimoxazole (79.46%) and moxioxacin(85.71%). All the clinical isolates of S.aureuswere sensitive to linezolid andvancomycin (MIC <1ugm/ml). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical isolates of S.aureusshowed high level of resistance to various antimicrobial agents which is a signicant nosocomial threat. Surveillance and infection control practices should be carried out to prevent cross transmission of such resistant pathogen within the hospital setting

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Evaluation of different phenotypic methods to detect methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from cystic fibrosis patients

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115559 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 115559

Author(s):

Andrea García-Caballero ◽

Juan de Dios Caballero ◽

Ainhize Maruri ◽

Maria Isabel Serrano-Tomás ◽

Rosa del Campo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Methods

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Discrepancies in the diagnosis of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v8i2.750 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Romeeza T ◽

Nadeem A ◽

Nauman J ◽

Afia A ◽

Kunwal R

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Serological Characterization ◽

Wide Range ◽

Low Sensitivity

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing a wide range of infections. It changes its genome under the selection pressure of antibiotics. Methicillin resistance is commonly determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method which has low sensitivity and specificity. Thus, anti PBP-2a latex agglutination test was used to confirm the identity of those labeled as MRSA. Materials and Methods: One hundred bacterial samples characterized as MRSA according to Kirby-Bauer diffusion method were collected from different hospitals in Lahore. Results: Biochemical characterization of these MRSA isolates revealed that only 64 (64%) were actually S. aureus while the other 36 isolates (36%) were coagulase negative staphylococci. Further serological characterization revealed that among the 64 isolates of S. aureus, 50 (78%) were MRSA while 14 (22%) were MSSA. Conclusion: Therefore, overall, 50% of the bacterial strains were misidentified as MRSA. Misdiagnosis of antibiotic resistance may lead to an inappropriate prescription of medicines to these patients.

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