scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors of HCV and HIV infections in a cohort of intravenous drug users in the North and East of France

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. LUCIDARME ◽  
A. BRUANDET ◽  
D. ILEF ◽  
J. HARBONNIER ◽  
C. JACOB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The North ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Serum Test ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

In order to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs), we conducted a prospective cohort study of HCV- and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative IDUs in the North and East of France. A total of 231 HCV and HIV IDUs who had injected drugs at least once in their lifetime were followed up every 3 months over a 12-month period. Serum anti-HCV and anti-HIV were tested at inclusion in the study and at the end of the follow-up. Data on injecting practices were collected at inclusion and at each visit. Of the 231 participants included, 165 (71·4%) underwent a final HCV and HIV serum test. The incidence was nil for HIV infection and 9/100 person-years (95% CI 4·6–13·4) for HCV infection. In a multivariable analysis, we found that syringe and cotton sharing were the only independent predictive factors of HCV seroconversion.

scholarly journals Frailty Is Associated With Mortality and Incident Comorbidity Among Middle-Aged Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Positive and HIV-Negative Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Verheij ◽  
Gregory D Kirk ◽  
Ferdinand W Wit ◽  
Rosan A van Zoest ◽  
Sebastiaan O Verboeket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Background Frailty is associated with mortality and morbidity in the general geriatric population, but less is known about its impact among the aging but generally younger population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods The impact of frailty on all-cause mortality during 6 years of follow-up and incident comorbidity during 4 years of follow-up was assessed among 598 HIV-positive and 550 comparable HIV-negative participants aged ≥ 45 years of the AGEhIV Cohort Study. Frailty encompasses 5 domains; weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, decreased grip strength, and slow gait speed. Presence of ≥ 3 denotes frailty, 1–2 prefrailty, and 0 robust. Multivariable Cox and logistic regression models were used to assess the independent relationships of frailty with both outcomes, adjusting for HIV infection and traditional risk factors. Results At baseline, 7.5% (n = 86) of participants were frail. During follow-up, 38 participants died. Mortality rate was significantly higher among frail participants: 25.7/1000 person-years of follow-up (PYFU) (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.2–46.4) compared with prefrail (7.2/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 4.7–11.2]) and robust (2.3/1000 PYFU [95% CI, 1.1–4.9]). In fully adjusted analyses, frailty remained strongly associated with death (hazard ratio, 4.6 [95% CI, 1.7–12.5]) and incident comorbidity (odds ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1–3.1]). No interactions were observed between frailty and HIV status in all analyses. Conclusions Frailty is a strong predictor of both mortality and incident comorbidity independent from other risk factors. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01466582.

593 Incidence and risk factors of HCV and HIV infections in a cohort of intravenous drug users in the north and east of France

Hepatology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 447-447
Author(s):  
D LUCIDARME ◽  
A BRUANDET ◽  
D ILEF ◽  
J HARBONNIER ◽  
C JACOB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis-C viral infection among opioid dependent injectable drug users: a study conducted at regional hospital drug de-addiction and treatment centre, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2458
Author(s):  
Kushel Verma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Vaishali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
North India ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Injectable Drug ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: There are a limited number of studies regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections among the drug addicts in Himachal Pradesh; C virus (HCV) infection in north India especially Himachal with very high rates of substance abuse. The present study was attempted to study the prevalence of hepatitis C among the injectable drug users, which is more important in a country like India where viral hepatitis is estimated to be among the top ten causes of deaths.Methods: A study was conducted in 2019-2020 (July-April). HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV and anti-HIV tests in 235 drug addicts were studied. Urine samples obtained from drug addicts were analyzed for cannabis, opiate and cocaine metabolites.Results: The subjects included were 235 IDUs who were opioid dependent. All the 235 drug users were males, and their mean age was 30.69±9.494 years; 112 (47.7%) of them were in the age group ranging 20 - 29 years (p <0.05). Of 235 drug addicts, 113 (48.1%) and 115 (48.9%) were only cannabis and opiate users, respectively. The frequencies of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV among drug addicts were 2.6%, 38.3%, and 9.4%, respectively.Conclusions: The obtained results showed that HCV infection was an alarming problem among opiate users in this part of Himachal. It is suggested to rapidly diagnose the infected persons; thus preventive measures and appropriate control may limit further transmission of these infections.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific B-Lymphocyte-Derived Antibodies in a High-Risk Population

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1060-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odd Odinsen ◽  
David Parker ◽  
Frans Radebe ◽  
Mikey Guness ◽  
David A Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Antibodies ◽  
P24 Antigen ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a key driver of the HIV epidemic, remains a public health challenge. The PlasmAcute technology offers an opportunity to detect early anti-HIV antibody responses. B lymphocytes (B cells) were isolated from the blood of seronegative miners in South Africa by using the PlasmAcute method. B-cell lysates and paired sera were tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; immunoreactivity was confirmed by Western blotting. All volunteers were tested for HIV type 1 (HIV-1) viral load, p24 antigen, and CD4 count. Sera from HIV-seronegative men who had positive viral loads and were positive for p24 antigen were retested for anti-HIV antibodies after immune complex dissociation. Anti-HIV antibodies were detected in lysates from 16/259 subjects without immunoreactivity in paired sera. Four subjects, one of whom had a positive viral load initially, subsequently seroconverted. Six subjects showed transient anti-HIV-1 antibodies in the lysates and tested negative for all markers at the follow-up. Five subjects without follow-up data initially had lysate-positive/serum-negative samples, and these cases were classified as inconclusive. One subject had lysate antibodies and a detectable viral load but was seronegative at follow-up. In conclusion, lysate-derived anti-HIV-1 B-cell antibodies can be detected prior to seroconversion and earlier than or contemporary with HIV-1 RNA detection.

scholarly journals Early Adopters of Event-driven Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in a Large Healthcare System in San Francisco

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2710-2712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Carlo Hojilla ◽  
Julia L Marcus ◽  
Michael J Silverberg ◽  
C Bradley Hare ◽  
Rachel Herbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Among 279 patients within a large healthcare system in San Francisco, event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis using a 2–1–1 regimen was a desirable alternative to daily dosing. Problems with adherence, planning sex in advance, or side effects were infrequent (13.9%). We found no new HIV infections over 136 person-years of follow-up.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin Abnormalities in Gaucher Disease: an Analysis of 278 Patients Included in the French Gaucher Disease Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Nguyen ◽  
Jérôme Stirnemann ◽  
Florent Lautredoux ◽  
Bérengère Cador ◽  
Monia Bengherbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gaucher Disease ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Polyclonal Gammopathy

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare lysosomal autosomal-recessive disorder due to deficiency of glucocerebrosidase; polyclonal gammopathy (PG) and/or monoclonal gammopathy (MG) can occur in this disease. We aimed to describe these immunoglobulin abnormalities in a large cohort of GD patients and to study the risk factors, clinical significance, and evolution. Data for patients enrolled in the French GD Registry were studied retrospectively. The risk factors of PG and/or MG developing and their association with clinical bone events and severe thrombocytopenia, two markers of GD severity, were assessed with multivariable Cox models and the effect of GD treatment on gammaglobulin levels with linear/logarithmic mixed models. Regression of MG and the occurrence of hematological malignancies were described. The 278 patients included (132 males, 47.5%) were followed up during a mean (SD) of 19 (14) years after GD diagnosis. PG occurred in 112/235 (47.7%) patients at GD diagnosis or during follow-up and MG in 59/187 (31.6%). Multivariable analysis retained age at GD diagnosis as the only independent risk factor for MG (> 30 vs. ≤30 years, HR 4.71, 95%CI [2.40–9.27]; p < 0.001). Risk of bone events or severe thrombocytopenia was not significantly associated with PG or MG. During follow-up, non-Hodgkin lymphoma developed in five patients and multiple myeloma in one. MG was observed in almost one third of patients with GD. Immunoglobulin abnormalities were not associated with the disease severity. However, prolonged surveillance of patients with GD is needed because hematologic malignancies may occur.

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