Skin infections among Indigenous Australians in an urban setting in Far North Queensland

SUMMARYSkin infections are highly prevalent in many Australian Aboriginal communities. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of group A streptococcus (GAS) andStaphylococcus aureusin skin sores of Indigenous people living in an urban setting. We undertook a cross-sectional study of 173 children and youths attending the Wuchopperen Clinic (Cairns) for treatment of skin infections. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and a skin lesion swab obtained. The median age was 5·3 years, with 42% identifying themselves as Torres Strait Islanders and 34% as Aboriginal. Impetigo (65%) was the most frequent diagnosis reported followed by scabies (19%); 79% of the lesions had erythema and 70% had exudate. Of 118 lesions, 114 were positive for pathogenic bacteria, with GAS isolated in 84 cases andS. aureusin 92; both these species were recovered from 63 lesions. Significant diversity ofemm-types of GAS was associated with skin lesions in Indigenous patients (22emm-types identified). Fifteen of the 92S. aureusisolates were suggestive of being community-acquired on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility profile and nine of these strains were co-cultured from nine lesions. These results have implications for future changes of antibiotic policies for the treatment of skin infections in this population.

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Factors associated with Group A Streptococcus emm type diversification in a large urban setting in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-10-327 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sara Y Tartof ◽

Joice N Reis ◽

Aurelio N Andrade ◽

Regina T Ramos ◽

Mitermayer G Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Group A ◽

Emm Type

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Identifikasi Carrier Bakteri Streptococcus β hemolyticus Group A pada Murid SD Negeri 13 Padang Berdasarkan Perbedaan Umur dan Jenis Kelamin

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v5i1.459 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fadhila Aini ◽

Aziz Djamal ◽

Elly Usman

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

Group A ◽

And Gender

AbstrakStreptococcus β hemolyticus Grup A atau yang disebut juga Streptococcus pyogenes merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen yang banyak menginfeksi manusia.Bakteri ini dapat ditemukan sebagai carrier di saluran pernafasan terutama pada anak-anak, tidak menimbulkan penyakit tetapi berisiko untuk menyebarkan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan jumlah carrier bakteri Streptococcus β hemolyticus Grup A pada murid berdasarkan perbedaan umur dan jenis kelamin. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif cross-sectional dengan menggunakan sampel seluruh murid SD Negeri 13 Padang. Hasil penelitian adalah didapatkan 2 orang murid yang menderita carrier, yaitu pada kelompok usia>8-9 tahun dan >11 tahun. Berdasarkan jenis kelamin yang terdiri dari 54 orang laki-laki dan 50 orang perempuan, didapatkan 2 orang carrier yaitu hanya pada anak laki-laki. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa carrier bakteri Streptococcus β hemolyticus Group A terdapat pada anak usia tersebut karena masih kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kebersihan. Carrier yang ditemukan hanya pada anak laki-laki kemungkinan disebabkan mereka lebih sering bermain di luar rumah dan terpapar dengan berbagai bakteri patogen dan kurang memperhatikan kebersihan diri.Kata kunci: carrier, streptococcus β hemolyticus grup A, umur, jenis kelamin AbstractGroup A Streptococcus β hemolyticus or also called Streptococcus pyogenes is one of many pathogenic bacteria that infect humans. These bacteria can be found as a carrier in the respiratory tract especially in children, do not cause disease but can be a risk for spreading the disease. This objective of this study was to determine the amount of the carrier of bacteria group A Streptococcus β hemolyticus based on age and gender differences. This research is a descriptive cross - sectional study using a sample of all students of SD Negeri 13 Padang. Based on the age of 104 students found that students who suffer 2 carrier, which is in the age group>8-9 years and>11 years. Based on gender which consisted of 54 boys and 50 girls, found that only 2 people carrier on boys. The results of this study indicate that the carrier of bacteria Group A Streptococcus β hemolyticus in the childhood because of the lack of knowledge about hygiene. Carrier found only in boys probably becaused of often play outdoors and were exposed to a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria and usually pay less attention to his personal hygiene.Keywords: carrier, group A streptococcus β hemolyticus, ages, gender

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8. Factors Associated with Group A Streptococcus emm Type Diversifi cation in a Large Urban Setting in Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Slum Health ◽

10.1525/9780520962798-013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 134-148

Keyword(s):

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Group A ◽

Emm Type

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High burden and seasonal variation of paediatric scabies and pyoderma prevalence in The Gambia: a cross-sectional study

10.1101/591537 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Edwin P. Armitage ◽

Elina Senghore ◽

Saffiatou Darboe ◽

Momodou Barry ◽

Janko Camara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Gambia ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bacterial Aetiology ◽

High Prevalence

AbstractBackgroundScabies is a WHO neglected tropical disease common in children in low-and middle-income countries. Excoriation of scabies lesions can lead to secondary pyoderma infection, most commonly byStaphyloccocus aureusandStreptococcus pyogenes(group A streptococcus, GAS), with the latter linked to acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) and potentially rheumatic heart disease (RHD). There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of these skin infections and their bacterial aetiology from Africa.Materials/methodsA cross-sectional study, conducted over a four-month period that included the dry and rainy season, was conducted to determine the prevalence of common skin infections in Sukuta, a peri-urban settlement in western Gambia, in children <5 years. Swabs from pyoderma lesions were cultured forS. aureusand GAS.ResultsOf 1441 children examined, 15.9% had scabies (95% CI 12.2-20.4), 17.4% had pyoderma (95% CI 10.4-27.7) and 9.7% had fungal infections (95% CI 6.6-14.0). Scabies were significantly associated with pyoderma (aOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.61-4.67). Of 250 pyoderma swabs, 80.8% were culture-positive forS. aureus, and 50.8% for GAS. Participants examined after the first rains were significantly more likely to have pyoderma than those examined before (aRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.38-4.23), whereas no difference in scabies prevalence was seen (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 0.70-1.67). Swab positivity was not affected by the season.ConclusionsHigh prevalence of scabies and pyoderma were observed. Pyoderma increased significantly during rainy season. Given the high prevalence of GAS pyoderma among children, further research on the association with RHD in West Africa is warranted.SummaryThis cross-sectional study of skin infections in The Gambia revealed prevalence of scabies, pyoderma and fungal infections in children <5 years of 15.9%, 17.4% and 9.7% respectively, with increased bacterial skin infections in the rainy season.

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Suppurative Infections in Hospitalized Patients – An Ongoing MRSA Threat

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-1/012 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sadaf Razzak

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Medical Science ◽

Great Influence ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽

Empiric Antibiotic ◽

Medical Wards

Background: Penicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus commonly encountered in the hospital admitted patients. Detection of antibiotic sensitivity in hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is important as it has great influence on empiric antibiotic prescription, successful control of infection, prevention of spread of disease and successful patient management. This study aimed to detect the frequency of HA-MRSA from pus samples in a hospital setup with assessment of their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Microbiology department of Basic Medical Science Institute, JPMC, Karachi from January 2015 until December 2015. Pus samples from surgical site wounds, skin lesions, abscesses from surgical and medical wards and ICUs were collected. According to the standards given by CLSI 2014, MRSA testing of the samples was done and susceptibility testing for antibiotics was performed. Inducible clindamycin resistance was detected by D-Test; E Test. determined MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) for vancomycin. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16. Result: Out of the 149 MRSA identified from the pus samples, 106 (71.14%) samples were HA-MRSA. The number of male patients was more than the female patients (67.66%). Out of the 106 HA-MRSA, 91(85.8%) were sensitive to TMP/SMX, 98(92.5%) to rifampicin, 12(11.6%) to gentamicin, 85(80.2%) to tetracycline, 11(10.4%) to erythromycin, 37(34.9%) to clindamycin, 20(18.9%) to ciprofloxacin, 106 (100%) to both vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: HA-MRSA showed sensitivity to TMP/SMX and vancomycin making them effective drugs to use in combination in superficial infections. The drug linezolid also showed 100% sensitivity.

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The Pandemic and Changes in the Self-Perception of Teacher Digital Competences of Infant Grade Students: A Cross Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094756 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4756

Author(s):

Rosalía Romero-Tena ◽

Carmen Llorente-Cejudo ◽

María Puig-Gutiérrez ◽

Raquel Barragán-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Intervention Group ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Perception ◽

Digital Competence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Perceptions ◽

Group A ◽

Different Dimensions ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

Without having a reaction time, the pandemic has caused an unprecedented transformation in universities around the world, leading to a revolution from structured models anchored in the conception of transmission of training towards a teaching approach-learning saved thanks to the incorporation of technology. This study aims to verify whether the pandemic situation has influenced the digital competence self-perception of students. Comparing two groups during the academic years 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, the instrument used is the questionnaire for digital competence “DigCompEdu Check-In” for future teachers. After the educational intervention, group A (before COVID-19) presented higher self-perceptions of competence than group B (during COVID-19); the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19 has negatively influenced students’ self-perception of their digital skills in the pretest in the different dimensions under study. Before receiving the training, the group that did not experience the pandemic enjoyed a higher self-perception of their competencies than the group that experienced the pandemic. The data obtained indicate that the difference exists, and that it is statistically significant, and may be a consequence of the clear relationship between self-perception and the way in which students face reality through their personal and subjective vision.

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AB0499 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT IN TUNISIAN PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: THE IPAQ EVALUATION

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1277.1-1277

Author(s):

F. Majdoub ◽

M. Sellami ◽

S. Miladi ◽

A. Fazaa ◽

L. Souabni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Tnf Inhibitor ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tunisian Patients ◽

Different Levels

Background:The occurrence of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) often conditions patients’ quality of life and hinders their well-being. Physical activity (PA) is associated with various health-related benefits among adults with chronic inflammatory rheumatism but may be insufficiently performed.Objectives:This study aimed to assess PA in patients with SpA and explore its associated factors.Methods:This is a single-center cross-sectional study, involving patients with SpA, visiting our outpatient hospital over eight weeks. Patients responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form (IPAQ-S).Results:Sixty patients were included (39 M/21 F) with an average age of 45.8 years [25-78]. The mean duration of SpA was 13.2 years [1-25]. About 80% of patients were from an urban setting. Sixty-three percent of patients had a professional activity, while 13.3% were retired. Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had axial and peripheral form, 18 patients (30%) had SpA with enteropathic arthritis, 8 (13.3%) with psoriatic arthritis, 3 patients (5%) had axial spondyloarthritis, and only 2 patients (3.3%) with SAPHO-Syndrom. About 23% of patients had hip arthritis and only 5% had uveitis. Fifty-eight patients were on TNF-inhibitor (21/58 Adalimumab, 15/58 Infliximab, 14/58 Etanercept, 8/58 Golimumab). The average BASDAI was 2.7/10. The average ASDASCRP was 2.1/10. The average BASFI was 3.3/10. IPAQ results were distributed as follows: 78.3% of patients were in the « low physical activity » category, 21.7% were in the « moderate physical activity » while none of the patients were in the « high physical activity ». Patients without employment had lower levels of physical activity (29.7%) but no association was observed between those two items (p=0.082). Disease activity objectified with BASDAI was related to low physical activity (p=0.045) whereas no association was observed with ASDASCRP (p=0.870) or BASFI (p=0.056). Otherwise, TNF-inhibitor treatment was not related to different levels of PA (p=0.09).Conclusion:Tunisian patients with SpA don’t perform enough physical activity. Except for high disease activity, the different levels of PA did not appear to be explained by other disease-related variables. Thereby, physical activity should be encouraged in SpA.References:[1]Fabre, S., Molto, A., Dadoun, S. et al. Physical activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study of 203 patients. Rheumatol Int 36, 1711–1718 (2016).Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Ambient Air in Accra, Ghana, February 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6030110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Godfred Saviour Kudjo Azaglo ◽

Mohammed Khogali ◽

Katrina Hann ◽

John Alexis Pwamang ◽

Emmanuel Appoh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Bacterial Counts ◽

Inappropriate Use

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ambient air. There is no published information about the presence and resistance profiles of bacteria in ambient air in Ghana. We evaluated the presence and antibiotic resistance profiles of selected bacterial, environmental and meteorological characteristics and airborne bacterial counts in 12 active air quality monitoring sites (seven roadside, two industrial and three residential) in Accra in February 2020. Roadside sites had the highest median temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and PM10 concentrations, and median airborne bacterial counts in roadside sites (115,000 CFU/m3) were higher compared with industrial (35,150 CFU/m3) and residential sites (1210 CFU/m3). Bacillus species were isolated in all samples and none were antibiotic resistant. There were, however, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas species, non-hemolytic Streptococci, Coliforms and Staphylococci species, of which six (50%) showed mono-resistance or multidrug resistance to four antibiotics (penicillin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentrations and airborne bacterial counts (rs = 0.72), but no correlations were found between PM10 concentrations and the pathogenic bacteria nor their antibiotic resistance. We call for the expansion of surveillance of ambient air to other cities of Ghana to obtain nationally representative information.

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