scholarly journals A spatial analysis of the spread of mumps: the importance of college students and their spring-break-associated travel

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. POLGREEN ◽  
L. C. BOHNETT ◽  
M. YANG ◽  
M. A. PENTELLA ◽  
J. E. CAVANAUGH
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
County Level ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Final Multivariable Model ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYTo characterize the association between county-level risk factors and the incidence of mumps in the 2006 Iowa outbreak, we used generalized linear mixed models with the number of mumps cases per county as the dependent variable. To assess the impact of spring-break travel, we tested for differences in the proportions of mumps cases in three different age groups. In the final multivariable model, the proportion of Iowa's college students per county was positively associated (P<0·0001) with mumps cases, but the number of colleges was negatively associated with cases (P=0·0002). Thus, if the college students in a county were spread among more campuses, this was associated with fewer mumps cases. Finally, we found the proportion of mumps cases in both older and younger persons increased after 1 April (P=0·0029), suggesting that spring-break college travel was associated with the spread of mumps to other age groups.

scholarly journals Social-norms interventions for light and nondrinking students

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Neighbors ◽  
Megan Jensen ◽  
Judy Tidwell ◽  
Theresa Walter ◽  
Nicole Fossos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Social Norms Marketing ◽  
The Impact

Social-norms approaches to alcohol prevention are based on consistent findings that most students overestimate the prevalence of drinking among their peers. Most interventions have been developed for heavy-drinking students, and the applicability of social-norms approaches among abstaining or light-drinking students has yet to be evaluated. The present research aimed to evaluate the impact of two types of online social-norms interventions developed for abstaining or light-drinking students. Identification with other students was evaluated as a moderator. Participants included 423 freshmen and sophomore college students who reported never or rarely drinking at screening. Students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (a) personalized-norms feedback, (b) social-norms marketing ads, or (c) attention control. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Results provided some support for both interventions but were stronger for social-norms marketing ads, particularly among participants who identified more closely with other students.

scholarly journals Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽  
Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽  
Deise Cristiane Moser ◽  
Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽  
Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group. 

scholarly journals Risk factors for respiratory Aspergillus fumigatus in German Cystic Fibrosis patients and impact on lung function

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Düesberg ◽  
Julia Wosniok ◽  
Lutz Naehrlich ◽  
Patience Eschenhagen ◽  
Carsten Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Airway inflammation and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are mostly caused by bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). The role of fungi in the CF lung is still not well elucidated, but evidence for a harmful and complex role is getting stronger. The most common filamentous fungus in CF is Aspergillus fumigatus (AF). Age and continuous antibiotic treatment have been discussed as risk factors for AF colonisation but did not differentiate between transient and persistent AF colonisation. Also, the impact of co-colonisation of PA and AF on lung function is still under investigation. Data from patients with CF registered in the German Cystic Fibrosis Registry database in 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed, involving descriptive and multivariate analysis to assess risk factors for transient or persistent AF colonisation. Age represented an independent risk factor for persistent AF colonisation. Prevalence was low in children less than ten years, highest in the middle age and getting lower in higher age (≥ 50 years). Continuous antibiotic lung treatment was significantly associated with AF prevalence in all age groups. CF patients with chronic PA infection had a lower lung function (FEV1%predicted), which was not influenced by an additional AF colonisation. AF colonisation without chronic PA infection, however, was significantly associated with a lower function, too. Older age up to 49 years and continuous antibiotic use were found to be the main risk factors for AF permanent colonisation. AF might be associated with decrease of lung function if not disguised by chronic PA infection.

scholarly journals Az ellenoldali csípőtáji törésig eltelt időt befolyásoló prognosztikai tényezők vizsgálata

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (38) ◽  
pp. 1543-1547
Author(s):  
Krisztina Juhász ◽  
Imre Boncz ◽  
Péter Kanizsai ◽  
Andor Sebestyén
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Introduction: Although several national studies reported on the risk factors for contralateral hip fracture, there are no data about the prognostic factors of the time until contralateral hip fractures. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of different prognostic factors on the time until the development of contralateral fracture and to determine the incidence of contralateral hip fractures after femoral neck fractures. Method: Patients aged 60 years and over with contralateral hip fracture between 01 Jan 2000 and 31 Dec 2008 were identified among those who suffered their femoral neck fracture in Hungary in 2000. Risk factors as age, sex, comorbidities, type of fracture and surgery, place of living and hospitals providing treatment for primary fracture were analysed by one way ANOVA focusing on the time until the development of contralateral hip fracture. Results: 312 patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of contralateral hip fracture after femoral neck fracture ranged between 1.5% and 2.1%, the cumulative incidence was 8.24%. The mean time until the development of contralateral hip fracture was 1159.8 days. The incidence of contralateral hip fracture showed no significant deviation. Significantly shorter time (p = 0.010) was detected until the contralateral hip fracture in older patients with femoral neck fracture. Conclusions: The yearly incidence of contralateral hip fracture showed no significant difference by patients with femoral neck fracture over 60 years. The shorter time until the contralateral hip fracture by the older age groups highlights the need of elaboration of prevention strategies. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(38): 1543–1547.

scholarly journals Evaluation of community coalition training effects on youth hospital-admitted injury incidence in Victoria, Australia: 2001–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Berecki-Gisolf ◽  
Bosco Rowland ◽  
Nicola Reavley ◽  
Barbara Minuzzo ◽  
John Toumbourou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundInjuries are one of the three leading causes of morbidity and mortality for young people internationally. Although community risk factors are modifiable causes of youth injury, there has been limited evaluation of community interventions. Communities That Care (CTC) offers a coalition training process to increase evidence-based practices that reduce youth injury risk factors.MethodUsing a non-experimental design, this study made use of population-based hospital admissions data to evaluate the impact on injuries for 15 communities that implemented CTC between 2001 and 2017 in Victoria, Australia. Negative binomial regression models evaluated trends in injury admissions (all, unintentional and transport), comparing CTC and non-CTC communities across different age groups.ResultsStatistically significant relative reductions in all hospital injury admissions in 0–4 year olds were associated with communities completing the CTC process and in 0–19 year olds when communities began their second cycle of CTC. When analysed by subgroup, a similar pattern was observed with unintentional injuries but not with transport injuries.ConclusionThe findings support CTC coalition training as an intervention strategy for preventing youth hospital injury admissions. However, future studies should consider stronger research designs, confirm findings in different community contexts, use other data sources and evaluate intervention mechanisms.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Diabetes and Associated Health Risk Factors among Adults in Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Results from Dubai Household Survey 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatheya Al Awadi ◽  
Mohamed Hassanein ◽  
Hamid Y. Hussain ◽  
Heba Mohammed ◽  
Gamal Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The health and social burdens of diabetes mellitus (DM) are steadily increasing worldwide, reflecting the impact of urbanization, industrial transitions, and shifting to nonhealthy, sedentary life patterns’, as well as the high sugar, low-fiber food consumptions. All these factors have contributed to the global increase in the prevalence of DM and metabolic disorders. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objective is to study the prevalence of DM among adult cohorts in Dubai and the extent of behavioral health risk factors associations. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> A cross-sectional household health survey with multistage, stratified cluster random sample of 9,630 participants including 2,496 households was carried out in Dubai 2019. About 5,371 non-United Arab Emirates (UAE) national, 2,245 UAE-nationals, of different age-groups, gender, education, nationality, smoking, and marital status were included in the survey. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the one used in the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Surveys (LSMSs) and the WHO’s World Health Surveys (WHSs). Self-reported diabetes was considered as well as newly diagnosed diabetes based on HbA1C results. About 75 well-trained surveyors, 25 well-trained nurses, and other laboratory technicians conducted the survey. SPSS 21 and Stata 12 software was used for data management. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The data indicate that the prevalence of diabetes among Dubai Emiratis is much higher than Dubai expats (19.3 vs. 12.4% <i>p</i> = 0.000). The association between diabetes and age was evident regardless of nationality. Rates of diabetes were higher in males (15.4%) compared to females (11.8%) (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). About 11.2% of those considered overweight have DM, while the prevalence is 21.5% in obese people (<i>p</i> = 0.000). Physical inactivity, smoking, and hypertension (HTN) were strongly associated with higher rates of DM. Regardless of nationality, lower levels of education were statistically significantly associated with the prevalence of DM (<i>p</i> = 0.000), while single marital status was associated with the lowest rate of DM. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Dubai household health survey 2019 indicated that the prevalence of DM among Dubai adults was still high as an overall estimation. Higher rates of diabetes were significantly associated with Emirati nationality, older age-groups, male gender, physical inactivity, high BMI, HTN, smoking<b>,</b> marital status of divorced, separated or divorced as well as low educational level groups.

The Impact of Contextual Factors on the Spring Break Travel Decisions of College Students

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. Butts ◽  
John Salazar ◽  
Katy Sapio ◽  
David Thomas
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Spring Break ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Media Multitasking Behavior of the Indian Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
S. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Media Multitasking ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Media multitasking (MMT) is a growing phenomenon among Indian college students. Previous studies on other nationalities highlight that user’s personality traits play an important role in engaging them in this behavior. Using a sample of Indian college students, this study examined the relationship between MMT and the Big Five personality traits. It also examined the impact of age on the dynamics between personality and MMT. Results suggested that after controlling the socio-demographic factors, traits like openness to experience, extraversion, and neuroticism are positively related with high MMT. However, these observations are found to be moderated by age. These findings may help designing separate intervention techniques for alleviating excessive MMT behavior for different age groups considering their personality traits.

scholarly journals 475Machine learning approach: identifying the impact of heatwaves and air quality on children’s health

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimpalben Patel ◽  
Le Jian ◽  
JianGuo Xiao ◽  
Janis Jansz ◽  
Grace Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Health Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract Background Heatwaves, air pollution and their effects on children’s health can vary temporally and spatially. With the emergence of advanced methods such as machine learning, there is an opportunity to improve prediction of children’s health events associated with those exposures. Methods Daily records on emergency department attendances (EDA) for children &lt;15 years, heatwaves, landscape fire burns and air pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5) were collected for Western Australia, 2006-2015. Decision tree, random forest (RF) and geographical RF (GRF) were compared to predict EDA, identify important risk factors and locations at elevated risk. Validation was performed by comparing actual and predicted EDA. Results RF was the best model with the lowest root mean squared error (MSE). The best RF validation model had an r-squared (R2) =0.95. The percentage increase in MSE indicated that PM10 and PM2.5 were important predictors of EDA for all children. Number of burns was more important in 5-9 year age group than other groups. GRF models (R2 0.90-0.98) showed that heatwave and PM2.5 were the important predictors in southern part of the study area for all age groups. Conclusions The importance of risk factors to predict EDA was varied by age groups and locations. Such differences are important when developing targeted health promotion strategies tailored to age groups and geographical locations. Key messages RF predicted EDA better than other models. Evaluation of spatial variation of heatwave and air quality effects on EDA for children by GRF modelling is useful to identify at risk geographical locations.

Non-genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation are equally important in both young and old age: A nationwide population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732091566
Author(s):  
Yun Gi Kim ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Jong-Il Choi ◽  
Yun Young Choi ◽  
Ha Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

Aims There are several non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation, including age, sex, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and alcohol consumption. However, whether these non-genetic risk factors have equal significance among different age groups is not known. We performed a nationwide population-based analysis to compare the clinical significance of non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation in various age groups. Methods and results A total of 9,797,409 people without a prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation who underwent a national health check-up in 2009 were included. During 80,130,090 person-years of follow-up, a total of 196,136 people were diagnosed with new-onset atrial fibrillation. The impact of non-genetic risk factors on new-onset atrial fibrillation was examined in different age groups. Obesity, male sex, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease were associated with an increased risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation. With minor variations, these risk factors were consistently associated with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation among various age groups. Using these risk factors, we created a scoring system to predict future risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in different age groups. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the predictive value of these risk factors ranged between 0.556 and 0.603, and no significant trends were observed. Conclusions Non-genetic risk factors for new-onset atrial fibrillation may have a similar impact on different age groups. Except for sex, these non-genetic risk factors can be modifiable. Therefore, efforts to control non-genetic risk factors might have relevance for both the young and old.

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