Socioeconomic status and vaccine coverage during wild-type poliovirus emergence in Israel

SUMMARYIn August 2013, a nationwide vaccination campaign with bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV) was initiated after isolation of wild-type poliovirus type 1 (WPV-1) in routine sewage surveillance in Israel. The campaign started in the Southern district and later extended to the entire country. This study examined the association between socioeconomic status (SES), and compliance with bOPV vaccine during the campaign. Nationwide data relating to SES by geographical cluster were correlated with vaccine coverage rates in the same areas. All analyses were conducted separately for Jews and Arabs. Coverage with the bOPV vaccination campaign in the Arab population (92·4%) was higher than in the Jewish population (59·2%). This difference was consistently present in all SES clusters. In the Jewish population there was an inverse correlation between SES and vaccination coverage rates (R= −0·93,P< 0·001). Lower vaccination coverage with supplemental vaccine activities in higher SES groups is a challenge that needs to be addressed in future public health events and emergencies in order to achieve satisfactory protection rates for the public.

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Use of surveys to evaluate an integrated oral cholera vaccine campaign in response to a cholera outbreak in Hoima district, Uganda

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038464 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e038464

Author(s):

Godfrey Bwire ◽

Mellisa Roskosky ◽

Anne Ballard ◽

W Abdullah Brooks ◽

Alfred Okello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staff Training ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Cholera Vaccine ◽

Cholera Outbreak ◽

Staff Members ◽

Skill Gaps ◽

Post Test ◽

Oral Cholera Vaccine ◽

Coverage Rates

ObjectivesTo evaluate the quality and coverage of the campaign to distribute oral cholera vaccine (OCV) during a cholera outbreak in Hoima, Uganda to guide future campaigns of cholera vaccine.DesignSurvey of communities targeted for vaccination to determine vaccine coverage rates and perceptions of the vaccination campaign, and a separate survey of vaccine staff who carried out the campaign.SettingHoima district, Uganda.ParticipantsRepresentative clusters of households residing in the communities targeted for vaccination and staff members who conducted the vaccine campaign.ResultsAmong 209 households (1274 individuals) included in the coverage survey, 1193 (94%; 95% CI 92% to 95%) reported receiving at least one OCV dose and 998 (78%; 95% CI 76% to 81%) reported receiving two doses. Among vaccinated individuals, minor complaints were reported by 71 persons (5.6%). Individuals with ‘some’ education (primary school or above) were more knowledgeable regarding the required OCV doses compared with non-educated (p=0.03). Factors negatively associated with campaign implementation included community sensitisation time, staff payment and problems with field transport. Although the campaign was carried out quickly, the outbreak was over before the campaign started. Most staff involved in the campaign (93%) were knowledgeable about cholera control; however, 29% did not clearly understand how to detect and manage adverse events following immunisation.ConclusionThe campaign achieved high OCV coverage, but the surveys provided insights for improvement. To achieve high vaccine coverage, more effort is needed for community sensitisation, and additional resources for staff transportation and timely payment for campaign staff is required. Pretest and post-test assessment of staff training can identify and address knowledge and skill gaps.

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Influenza vaccination coverage rates in the general population and risk groups: A review of the current international situation

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.8258 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 1138-1147

Author(s):

Aneta Nitsch-Osuch ◽

Anna Jagielska ◽

Lidia B. Brydak

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

General Population ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Current Data ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Coverage Rates

Although several national and international recommendations have been published, influenza vaccinations are carried out too rarely and thus vaccine coverage rates, both in the general population and in risk groups, remain at an unsatisfactorily low level. The paper presents the current data describing influenza vaccine coverage rates in different countries, in the general population and risk groups (including patients with chronic diseases, pregnant women, children the elderly) and health care workers. It is emphasized that there are many limitations related to the estimation of coverage rates. Methods that are currently used for the assessment of influenza vaccination coverage rates include the following: an analysis of data from health care facilities or providers, from national health insurance records, from well-documented national or private vaccine programs targeting at specific smaller groups, evaluation of national vaccine register, and national surveys of individuals. The establishment of coverage rates among specific groups usually requires another approach with the use of individual web- or telephone- based surveys, which is why selection bias and recall bias should be taken into consideration while discussing the results. The most common drivers and barriers for influenza vaccination are also identified and presented in the review.

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Assessment of the epidemiological effects of using of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine at a low level of vaccination coverage of the target cohort

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2019-11-3-71-76 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 71-76

Author(s):

T. A. Kozhakhmetova ◽

K. V. Kuleshov ◽

D. H. Kjasova ◽

T. A. Konovalova ◽

N. V. Parkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Information System ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Laboratory Information System ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Epidemic Process ◽

System Data ◽

Coverage Rates

Background: Assessment of the informativeness of using various parameters characterizing the epidemic process during rotavirus infection to analyze the effects of the RotaTeq (MSD, USA) pentavalent rotavirus vaccine’s using at low (<20%) level of vaccination coverage of the target cohort. Materials and methods: Were analyzed the correlation links between the vaccination coverage rates and the number of reported cases of rotavirus infection, incidence rates, the number of rotavirus-positive laboratory tests and their shares among the examined children for the territories of Moscow and the Moscow Region in 2014-2018, using the database of the laboratory information system and data of the Federal statistical monitoring, Results: The presence of a strong reliable inverse correlation between the coverage of vaccination and the only of the analyzed indicators – the share of positive results of laboratory studies in the age group of children 6-24 months was revealed. There was a one and a half to two-fold decrease in the share of positive laboratory tests for rotavirus infection in the years of reaching 18–20% vaccination coverage. Conclusion: The obtained data indicate the high informative value of laboratory information system data and the perspective of their use for a comprehensive assessment of the activity of the epidemic process.

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Monitoring regional-level vaccination coverage rates in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy)

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

R Croci ◽

D Rossi ◽

A Odone ◽

C Signorelli

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Regional Level ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Lombardy Region ◽

Two Measures ◽

Populated Region ◽

Coverage Rates

Abstract Background Lombardy is Italy's most affluent and most populated region, with the highest national per capita GDP, and over 10 million residents - more than 16 out of 27 EU countries. In 2017, two measures were approved against vaccine hesitancy, i.e. the National Plan for Vaccine Prevention (2017-2019) and Law no. 119 on mandatory vaccinations. Aim of the study is to monitor Lombardy regional-level vaccine coverage trends and to assess the new legislative framework's overall impact. Methods We analysed and critically interpreted Lombardy regional-level vaccination coverage (2000-2018 for childhood vaccinations; birth cohorts 1997-2005 for HPV; flu seasons 1999-2000/2018-2019 for influenza). All data were extracted from the Italian Ministry of Health website. We carried out descriptive trend analysis for measles and polio-containing vaccines in 24 month-old-children, Human Papilloma Virus vaccine in 12-year-old females, and influenza vaccine in seniors over 65 years. Regional data were compared with the corresponding Italian national averages. Results Childhood vaccinations: Lombardy and Italy have never met the 95% target for measles-containing vaccines (average coverage 2000-2018: Lombardy 91,79%, Italy 86,94%). Polio-containing vaccines have always remained above the 95% threshold, with a drop in 2015-2017. In 2018 they increased back to safety levels (Lombardy 95,31%, Italy 95,09%). HPV: coverage has always kept below WHO/SAGE intermediate 80% goal (average coverage, birth cohorts 1997-2005: Lombardy 75,58%, Italy 72,73%). Influenza: mean coverage has been alarmingly inadequate (Lombardy 54,09%, Italy 57,98%) compared to WHO-recommended minimum of 75%. Conclusions Except for influenza, coverage in Lombardy is slightly higher than the Italian average. Exploring Lombardy's response to the national legislation could guide policymakers in developing tailored vaccination strategies. Key messages Overall, vaccination coverage in Lombardy is slightly higher than the Italian average. In 2017, law n.119 on mandatory vaccinations came into force, acting as a powerful tool for coverage increase.

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Application of the GARC Data Logger—a custom-developed data collection device—to capture and monitor mass dog vaccination campaigns in Namibia

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0008948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. e0008948

Author(s):

Rauna Athingo ◽

Tenzin Tenzin ◽

Andre Coetzer ◽

Emmanuel H. Hikufe ◽

Josephat Peter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Second Phase ◽

Data Logger ◽

Global Alliance ◽

Data Capturing ◽

Vaccination Campaigns

Domestic dogs are responsible for 99% of all cases of human rabies and thus, mass dog vaccination has been demonstrated to be the most effective approach towards the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies. Namibia demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by applying government-led strategic rabies vaccination campaigns to reduce both human and dog rabies incidences in the Northern Communal Areas of Namibia since 2016. The lessons learnt using paper-based form for data capturing and management of mass dog vaccination campaign during the pilot and roll out phase of the project (2016–2018) led to the implementation of a simple and accurate data collection tool in the second phase (2019–2022) of the rabies elimination program. In this paper, we describe the implementation of such custom-developed vaccination tracking device, i.e. the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) Data Logger (GDL), and the integration of the collected data into a website-based rabies surveillance system (Rabies Epidemiological Bulletin—REB) during 2019 and 2020 campaigns. A total of 10,037 dogs and 520 cats were vaccinated during the 2019 campaign and 13,219 dogs and 1,044 cats during the 2020 campaign. The vaccination data were recorded with the GDL and visualized via REB. Subsequent GIS-analysis using gridded population data revealed a suboptimal vaccination coverage in the great majority of grid cells (82%) with a vaccination coverage below 50%. Spatial regression analysis identified the number of schools, estimated human density, and adult dog population were associated with the vaccination performance. However, there was an inverse correlation to human densities. Nonetheless, the use of the GDL improved data capturing and monitoring capacity of the campaign, enabling the Namibian government to improve strategies for the vaccination of at-risk areas towards achieving adequate vaccination coverage which would effectively break the transmission of rabies.

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(P1-82) Implementation of an Active Vaccination Strategy Increased the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Vaccine Coverage among Swedish Children

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x11004146 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S1) ◽

pp. s125-s125

Author(s):

M. Omberg

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Care Providers ◽

Active Vaccination ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Passive Vaccination

IntroductionThe European Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) identified young children as a group at higher risk of developing severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection compared with the general population. Since children have high attack rates and seem essential in augmenting local outbreaks of influenza, vaccination of children was an important objective in the Swedish pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination campaign. Children < 13 years of age were recommended to take two doses of the pandemic vaccine (Pandemrix®).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the vaccination coverage among children 1–12 years of age in different councils in the County of Jämtland, Sweden that either implemented an active advocating or a passive vaccination strategy. The active strategy included direct information to parents promoting vaccination, individual appointments, collaboration between different care providers, and visits of vaccination teams to day care centers and schools, whereas no specific measures, except general information in press and media, were undertaken in councils using a passive approach.MethodsAll pandemic vaccinations in the County of Jämtland were registered in a Web-based registration software system. Vaccine coverage was determined by comparing the actual number of children residing in different councils with the number of vaccinated children.ResultsA total of 4,162 of 6,000 children (69.3%) residing in councils using an active vaccination strategy were vaccinated compared with 5,059 of 9,373 children (53.9%) living in councils using a passive vaccination strategy (p < 0.0001)ConclusionsImplementation of an active advocating vaccination strategy during the Swedish pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination campaign resulted in a significantly higher vaccination coverage rate compared with a passive vaccination strategy.

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A Tool for Early Estimation of Influenza Vaccination Coverage in Spanish General Population and Healthcare Workers in The 2018-19 Season. The Gripómetro

10.21203/rs.3.rs-737111/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Javier Díez-Domingo ◽

Esther Redondo Marguello ◽

Raúl Ortiz Lejarazu Leonardo ◽

Ángel Gil Miguel ◽

José María Guillén Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Real Time ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Time Data

Abstract Background: Electronic vaccine registries are not yet widely established. There is a need to real-time monitor influenza vaccine coverage, which may raise awareness to risk groups and professionals, and eventually allow to adopt tailored measures during the vaccination campaign. To evaluate the utility of the “Gripómetro”, a demographic study designed to monitor national and regional influenza vaccine coverage on a weekly basis in Spain. Methods: Quantitative study based on surveys of the Spanish population between 18-80 years and a sample of primary care doctors and nurses randomly selected. Pre-proportional fixation has been established by Autonomous Communities and age group to guarantee the representativeness of all the autonomies. Results: Interviews were conducted in 3400 households of general population and 807 respondents among health care professionals. We found that the results of influenza vaccination coverage obtained by the Gripómetro for 2018-2019 season were mostly comparable with the official data presented by the Ministry of Health after the end of the vaccination campaign. Conclusions: The Gripómetro is a robust research method that provides real-time data and trends for influenza vaccine coverage along with other useful information related to vaccination such as intention to vaccinate, motivation and barriers to vaccination.

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Influenza vaccination coverage in a population-based cohort of Australian-born Aboriginal and non-Indigenous older adults

Communicable Diseases Intelligence ◽

10.33321/cdi.2019.43.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Amalie Dyda ◽

Surendra Karki ◽

Marlene Kong ◽

Heather F Gidding ◽

John M Kaldor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Torres Strait Islander ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

P Value ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Medical Risk ◽

Torres Strait

Background: There is limited information on vaccination coverage and characteristics associated with vaccine uptake in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. We aimed to provide more current estimates of influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal adults. Methods: Self-reported vaccination status (n=559 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants, n=80,655 non-Indigenous participants) from the 45 and Up Study, a large cohort of adults aged 45 years or older, was used to compare influenza vaccination coverage in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults with coverage in non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged 49 to <65 years, age-standardised influenza coverage was respectively 45.2% (95% CI 39.5–50.9%) and 38.5%, (37.9–39.0%), p-value for heterogeneity=0.02. Coverage for Aboriginal and non-Indigenous respondents aged ≥65 years was respectively 67.3% (59.9–74.7%) and 72.6% (72.2–73.0%), p-heterogeneity=0.16. Among Aboriginal adults, coverage was higher in obese than in healthy weight participants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.38, 95%CI 1.44–3.94); in those aged <65 years with a medical risk factor than in those without medical risk factors (aOR=2.13, 1.37–3.30); and in those who rated their health as fair/poor compared to those who rated it excellent (aOR=2.57, 1.26–5.20). Similar associations were found among non-Indigenous adults. Conclusions: In this sample of adults ≥65 years, self-reported influenza vaccine coverage was not significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Indigenous adults whereas in those <65 years, coverage was higher among Aboriginal adults. Overall, coverage in the whole cohort was suboptimal. If these findings are replicated in other samples and in the Australian Immunisation Register, it suggests that measures to improve uptake, such as communication about the importance of influenza vaccine and more effective reminder systems, are needed among adults.

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COVID-19 Vaccine Intention among Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9080835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Mohammed Noushad ◽

Mohammad Zakaria Nassani ◽

Anas B. Alsalhani ◽

Pradeep Koppolu ◽

Fayez Hussain Niazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Healthcare System ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Positive Sign ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Strategies

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused largescale morbidity and mortality and a tremendous burden on the healthcare system. Healthcare workers (HCWs) require adequate protection to avoid onward transmission and minimize burden on the healthcare system. Moreover, HCWs can also influence the general public into accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, determining COVID-19 vaccine intention among HCWs is of paramount importance to plan tailor-made public health strategies to maximize vaccine coverage. A structured questionnaire was administered in February and March 2021 among HCWs in Saudi Arabia using convenience sampling, proceeding the launch of the vaccination campaign. HCWs from all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia were included in the study. In total, 674 out of 1124 HCWs responded and completed the survey (response rate 59.9%). About 65 percent of the HCWs intended to get vaccinated. The intention to vaccinate was significantly higher among HCWs 50 years of age or older, Saudi nationals and those who followed the updates about COVID-19 vaccines (p < 0.05). The high percentage (26 percent) of those who were undecided in getting vaccinated is a positive sign. As the vaccination campaign gathers pace, the attitude is expected to change over time. Emphasis should be on planning healthcare strategies to convince the undecided HCWs into accepting the vaccine in order to achieve the coverage required to achieve herd immunity.

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Influenza Vaccination Campaign during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of a Research and Teaching Hospital in Milan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18115874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 5874

Author(s):

Pier Mario Perrone ◽

Giacomo Biganzoli ◽

Maurizio Lecce ◽

Emanuela Maria Campagnoli ◽

Ambra Castrofino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Vaccination Campaign ◽

Personal Data ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Coverage Rate ◽

Vaccination Coverage Rate ◽

Research And Teaching

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, more than ever, optimal influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) is crucial to avoid absenteeism and disruption of health services, as well as in-hospital influenza outbreaks. The aim of this study is to analyze the 2020 influenza vaccination campaign, comparing it with the previous year’s in a research and teaching hospital in Northern Italy. Methods: adopting an approach based on combined strategies, three interventions were deployed: a promotional and educational campaign, vaccination delivery through both ad hoc and on-site ambulatories, and a gaming strategy. Personal data and professional categories were collected and analyzed using univariate logistic regression. Vaccinated HCWs were asked to fill in a questionnaire to describe their reasons for vaccination adherence. Results: the vaccination coverage rate (VCR) was 43.1%, compared to 21.5% in 2019. The highest increase was registered among administrative staff (308.3%), while physicians represent the most vaccinated category (n = 600). Moreover, residents (prevalence ratio (PR): 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.20), as well as intensive care (PR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.24–1.69) and newborn workers (PR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20–1.65) were, respectively, the categories most frequently vaccinated for the first time. Conclusion: the significant increase in vaccination coverage rate confirms the suitability of the combined strategy of delivering the flu vaccination campaign and represents a first step towards reaching WHO recommended vaccination rates.

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