scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of mass vaccination programmes on notified cases in the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. van Wijhe ◽  
A. D. Tulen ◽  
H. Korthals Altes ◽  
S. A. McDonald ◽  
H. E. de Melker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Auto Correlation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVaccination programmes are considered a main contributor to the decline of infectious diseases over the 20th century. In recent years, the national vaccination coverage in the Netherlands has been declining, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and evaluation of vaccination programmes. Our aim was to quantify the impact of long-standing vaccination programmes on notified cases in the Netherlands. We collected and digitised previously unavailable monthly case notifications of diphtheria, poliomyelitis, mumps and rubella in the Netherlands over the period 1919–2015. Poisson regression models accounting for seasonality, multi-year cycles, secular trends and auto-correlation were fit to pre-vaccination periods. Cases averted were calculated as the difference between observed and expected cases based on model projections. In the first 13 years of mass vaccinations, case notifications declined rapidly with 82.4% (95% credible interval (CI): 74.9–87.6) of notified cases of diphtheria averted, 92.9% (95% CI 85.0–97.2) cases of poliomyelitis, and 79.1% (95% CI 67.1–87.4) cases of mumps. Vaccination of 11-year-old girls against rubella averted 49.9% (95% CI 9.3–73.5) of cases, while universal vaccination averted 68.1% (95% CI 19.4–87.3) of cases. These findings show that vaccination programmes have contributed substantially to the reduction of infectious diseases in the Netherlands.

scholarly journals O2C.6 The economic burden of occupational injuries and diseases in five european union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A17.3-A18
Author(s):  
Emile Tompa ◽  
Amirabbas Mofidi ◽  
Young Jung ◽  
Thijmen van Bree ◽  
Swenneke van den Heuvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Cost Categories ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden of occupational injuries and diseases in five European Union countries for the reference year 2015.We used a ‘bottom up’ approach to estimate the economic burden from a societal perspective for Finland, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, and Poland. Three broad cost categories were considered—direct health care, indirect productivity, and intangible health-related quality of life costs. The methods started with data on newly diagnosed occupational injuries and diseases from calendar year 2015. We considered lifetime costs for cases across all cost categories. Sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the impact of key parameters.Indirect costs represent the largest proportion of total costs (with the exception is Poland), ranging from 66% for The Netherland to 43% for Poland. Intangible costs are the second highest, ranging from 49% for Poland to 21% for Finland and The Netherlands. Direct costs range from 16% for Finland to 8% for Poland.Average per case costing is highest for The Netherlands (€75,342), followed by Italy (€58,411), German (€44,919), Finland (€43,069) and lastly Poland (€38,918). Total costs as a percentage of GDP are highest for Poland (10.4%), followed by Italy (6.7%), The Netherlands (3.6%), Germany (3.3%) and lastly Finland (2.7%). In terms of costs per working population, the value is highest for Italy (€4,956), followed by The Netherland (€2,930), Poland (€2,793), Germany (€2,527) and lastly Finland (€2,331).The economic burden of occupational injuries and diseases in the countries considered are substantial, despite efforts to reduce adverse workplace exposures. Our case costs and total economic burden estimates provide a basis for undertaking economic evaluations of prevention efforts and can serve as a template for monitoring and evaluation at the country level. We advance the methods on several fronts.

scholarly journals Analysis of Land Development Drivers Using Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Pariya Pourmohammadi ◽  
Michael P. Strager ◽  
Michael J. Dougherty ◽  
Donald A. Adjeroh
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Patterns And Processes ◽  
The Impact

Land development processes are driven by complex interactions between socio-economic and spatial factors. Acquiring an understanding of such processes and the underlying procedures helps urban and regional planners, environmental scientists, and policy makers to base their decisions on valid and profound information. In this work, remote-sensing-derived land-cover data were used to characterize the patterns of land development from the beginning of 1985 to the beginning of 2015, in the state of West Virginia (WV), US. We applied spatial pattern analysis, ridge regression, and Geographically Weighted Ridge Regression (GWRR) to examine the impact of population, energy resources, existing land developments dynamics, and economic status on land transformation. We showed that in presence of multicollinearity of explanatory variables, how penalizing regression models in both local and global levels lead to a better fit and decreases the model’s variance. We used geographical error analysis of regression models to visualize the difference between the model estimates and actual values. The findings of this research indicate that because of shifting geography of opportunities, the patterns and processes of land development in the studied region are unstable. This leads to fragmented land developments and prevents formation of large communities.

scholarly journals Impact of adding and removing warning label messages from cigarette packages on adult smokers’ awareness about the health harms of smoking: findings from the ITC Canada Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (e1) ◽  
pp. e56-e63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika C Green ◽  
Pete Driezen ◽  
Seth M Noar ◽  
David Hammond ◽  
Geoffrey T Fong
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Segmented Regression ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Representative Cohort

IntroductionAdding messages to cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) about the harms of smoking increases awareness of these health facts, but little is known about the impact of removing messages. This is the first study to directly investigate the impact of adding and removing messages from cigarette HWLs on smokers’ awareness of harms.MethodsData were drawn from nine waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Canada Survey, a national representative cohort of adult smokers (n=5863) conducted nearly annually between 2002 and 2013–2014. Two analytical approaches were conducted: generalised estimating equation (GEE) regression models estimated adjusted percentages of correct smoking-related health statements at each wave and segmented regression analyses modelled temporal trends in awareness before and after the revisions by measuring the difference in slopes.ResultsAdding messages to HWLs significantly increased awareness that smoking causes blindness (OR=3.36 (95% CI 2.71 to 4.18); p<0.001; estimated increase of 1.01 million smokers in Canada) and bladder cancer (OR=2.14 (95% CI 1.71 to 2.66), p<0.001; estimated increase of 1.09 million smokers). Adding the warning that nicotine causes addiction did not significantly impact smokers’ awareness. Removing messages was shown to decrease awareness that cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide (OR=0.53 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.70), p<0.001; estimated decrease of 342 000 smokers) and smoking causes impotence (p=0.007 for the difference in slopes; estimated decrease of 354 000 smokers).ConclusionsAdding messages to HWLs increases smokers’ awareness of health facts, but removing messages decreases awareness. These findings demonstrate the importance of carefully considering the implications of adding and especially removing messages from HWLs and the importance of regularly revising warnings.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Pandemic COVID-19 on the Incidence of Borreliosis in Poland

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Piotrowski ◽  
Anna Rymaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease, caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus in Poland. The purpose of this analysis was whether the COVID-19 outbreak had a significant impact on the number of reported Lyme disease cases. Materials and Methods The data included in the World Health Organization (WHO) and the data from the “Reports on incidence of infectious diseases, infections and poisoning in Poland” presented by the Department of Epidemiology NIZP-PZH were analyzed. Results To the end of 2020, there were registered 12, 524 Lyme disease cases. In the same period, in 2018 and 2019 were registered, respectively, 20, 150 and 20, 614 Lyme disease cases. The overall number of Lyme disease cases in 2018 and 2019 was at a similar level. The monthly increase in the number of cases was also at a similar level. The year 2020 in January and February was characterized by the same increase in the number of cases as in previous years. The difference started to be noticeable in March and the lowered growth compared to the previous years has been maintained to this day. In December, about 8, 000 fewer cases of Lyme disease were registered than in previous years. Conclusion The reduced number of cases of Lyme disease coincided with the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland in March 2020. Every year, the incidence of Lyme disease in Poland is at a similar level with a similar monthly increase. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the number of cases recorded, which could have catastrophic consequences for people who did not receive treatment in the right time.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Good Season Start on Team Performance in Elite Handball

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
María A. Fernández-Villarino ◽  
Iván González-García ◽  
Patricio Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Jaime Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
High Range

AbstractThe aim of the current study was (i) to identify how important was a good season start in relation to elite handball teams’ performance, and (ii) to examine if this impact was related to the clubs’ financial budget. The match performances and annual budgets of all teams were collected from the Spanish Professional Handball League during ten seasons. The dependent variable was the difference between the ranking of each team in accordance to the annual budget and the ranking of each team at the end of the season. A k-means cluster analysis classified the clubs according to their budget as High Range Budget Clubs (HRBC), Upper-Mid Range Budget Clubs (UMRBC), Lower-Mid Range Budget Clubs (LMRBC) and Low Range Budget Clubs (LRBC). Data were examined through linear regression models. Overall, the results suggested that the better the team performance at the beginning of the season, the better the ranking at the end of the season. Each position in the ranking above expected in accordance to the budget of the teams in Rounds 3, 4 or 5 improved by 0.47, 0.50 or 0.49, respectively, in the ranking at the end of the season (p<0.05). However, the impact of the effect depended on the clubs’ annual budget. For UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC a good start to the season had a positive effect on the final outcome (p<0.05). Nevertheless, for HRBC, a good or a bad start of the season did not explain their final position. These variables can be used to develop accurate models to estimate final rankings. UMRBC, LMRBC and LRBC can benefit from fine-tuning preseason planning in order to accelerate the acquisition of optimal performances.

ANALISIS DAMPAK IMPLEMENTASI INDIKATOR KINERJA UTAMA TERHADAP SERAPAN ANGGARAN BPPK

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Renny Sukmono
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Top Manager ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The increase of employees' performance has become the focus of all departments in the government, state-owned companies and private sectors. Employees' performance issue is still a big task, especially for the government. The society has their own perception about slow performance of civil servants. One of the efforts made by the Ministry of Finance to improve their staffs was by creating key performance indicators. By creating the target and measures of the employees' performance, Ministry of Finance was intended to motivate the government or other sectors to make improvements. One of the measurements was the budget performance. The implementation of the key performance indicators for the budget was started in 2009. To know the priority implementation, the data for the budget was compared with the budget realization in the previous year and after. The result showed that the budget in 2008 and 2009 was statistically equal in number.The budget in 2010 was also the same. However, from 2011 until 2014 the analysis showed there were differences in budget spending. It showed that priority indicators had impact in improving business process, although it needed several years. The BPPK budgets relatively increased year by year, but if we see it from the budget realization until the third quarter, it was still relatively small. It showed that the budget absorbance was still small at the end of the year. The budget plan hasn't been conducted well because there was a huge sum of budget at that end of the year. The huge sum happened because there was budget added at the end of the year so the realization and the prognosis are adjusted with the budget. It was also because not all sectors had the commitment to realize the budget planning. High level target would motivate all sectors to try harder to realize it. The continuous monitoring and evaluation by the top manager would have the impact to strengthen the middle and operational managers' commitment. Without the commitment from all departments involved, the employees' performance improvement wouldn't happen. 

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

Stimulating Flexible Citizenship: The Impact of Dutch and Indian Migration Policies on the Lives of Highly Skilled Indian Migrants in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katherine Kirk ◽  
Ellen Bal
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Corporate Rights ◽  
Highly Skilled Migrants ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Migration Theories ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between migration and integration policies in the Netherlands, diaspora policies in India, and the transnational practices of Indian highly skilled migrants to the Netherlands. We employ anthropological transnational migration theories (e.g., Ong 1999; Levitt and Jaworsky 2007) to frame the dynamic interaction between a sending and a receiving country on the lives of migrants. This paper makes a unique contribution to migration literature by exploring the policies of both sending and receiving country in relation to ethnographic data on migrants. The international battle for brains has motivated states like the Netherlands and India to design flexible migration and citizenship policies for socially and economically desirable migrants. Flexible citizenship policies in the Netherlands are primarily concerned with individual and corporate rights and privileges, whereas Indian diaspora policies have been established around the premise of national identity.

Awareness of symptomatic differences Covid-19, SARS, Swine Flu, Common cold among dental students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1026-1033
Author(s):  
Nivedha Valliammai Mahalingam ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Kavitha S
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as SARS, MERS, Ebola, Swine Flu in the past. Dynamic interplay of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. The aim of the current study is to assess the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu and common cold among dental students that support the prevention of emergence or re-emergence. Cross-sectional type of study conducted among the undergraduate students comprising 100 Subjects. A questionnaire comprising 15 questions in total were framed, and responses were collected in Google forms in SPSS Software statistical analysis. The study has concluded that dental students have an awareness of the symptomatic differences between infectious viral disease. The study concluded that the awareness of symptomatic differences between viral diseases like COVID-19, SARS, Swine flu, Common cold is good among the dental students who would pave the way for early diagnosis and avoid spreading of such diseases. A further awareness can be created by regular webinars, seminars and brainstorming sessions among these healthcare professionals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document