scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in the Zhejiang Province of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintian Xu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Shengchao Zheng ◽  
Wei Shu ◽  
Yu Pang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Risk factors and prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases were retrospectively evaluated in 1208 suspected pulmonary TB patients seeking care at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University between July 2018 and December 2018. Further analysis of 390 culture-positive cases demonstrated that 358 (358/390, 91.8%) were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), 24 (24/390, 6.2%) with NTM and eight (8/390, 2.0%) with both MTB and NTM. M. intracellulare was the most prevalent NTM isolated (16/24, 66.7%), followed by M. abscessus (3/24), M. kansasii (2/24), M. avium (1/24), M. szulgai (1/24) and M. fortuitum (1/24). The difference between NTM and TB case rates for the ⩾65-year-old age group significantly exceeded the difference for the reference group (patients aged 25–44 years) (OR (95% CI): 4.63 (1.03–20.90)). Pulmonary NTM diseases incidence positively correlated with prior TB history (OR (95% CI): 12.92 (3.24–31.82)). Moreover, pulmonary NTM patients were significantly more likely to exhibit underlying bronchiectasis than pulmonary TB patients (OR (95% CI): 18.89 (7.54–47.88)). In conclusion, approximately one-tenth of culture-positive suspected pulmonary TB patients are infected with NTM (most frequently M. intracellulare) in Zhejiang Province, China. The elderly and those with bronchiectasis or a history of TB are at the greatest risk of contracting pulmonary NTM disease.

Risk of Suicidal Behaviours in Elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S652-S652 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Goretti ◽  
M.D.C. Sanchéz Sanchéz ◽  
B. Góngora Oliver ◽  
M.D. Sanz Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Somatic Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Chronic Somatic Diseases ◽  
Somatic Diseases

IntroductionOlder adults constitute the age group in which suicide more often reaches its most categorical expression: consummation.ObjectiveIdentify risk factors for suicide in older people.MethodSystematic review of the literature on the subject. The databases consulted were Dialnet and Pubmed. The descriptors used have been: “suicide”, “risk factors” and “elderly”, accepting the works found in English and Spanish, with a total of 501 references found after the search, from which 75 have been selected.ResultsAs shown in the reviewed studies, there is a progressive increase in suicide rate with age in males. The purpose of dying in the old man is usually characterized by his firm conviction, not infrequently reflexive and premeditated. In the multifactorial etiology of suicidal behaviour in this age group, the main elements to be considered would be psychosocial factors, psychiatric diseases and chronic somatic diseases, resulting in a potentiation among them due to their frequent interaction. The feeling of abandonment, the feeling of emptiness, the despair of the organic collapse and the self-perception of being a useless person, without projects, generates deterioration in the quality of life.ConclusionsIn the multifactorial etiology of the suicidal behaviour of the elderly, they usually play coprotagonic roles, loneliness, isolation, somatic illness and depression. The most likely profile of the suicidal elder would be represented by a man with a history of depressive episode after age 40, who lives alone, with a family history of depression or alcoholism and a recent loss.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Incidence of postural headache after lumbar puncture requiring epidural blood patch: Effects of needle caliber; 2-year experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110006
Author(s):  
Warren Chang ◽  
Ajla Kadribegic ◽  
Kate Denham ◽  
Matthew Kulzer ◽  
Tyson Tragon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Epidural Blood Patch ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Blood Patch ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

Purpose A common complication of lumbar puncture (LP) is postural headaches. Epidural blood patches are recommended if patients fail conservative management. Owing to a perceived increase in the number of post-lumbar puncture headaches (PLPHs) requiring epidural blood patches at a regional hospital in our network, the decision was made to switch from 20 to 22 gauge needles for routine diagnostic LPs. Materials and methods Patients presenting for LP and myelography at one network regional hospital were included in the study. The patients were contacted by nursing staff 3 days post-procedure; those patients who still had postural headaches after conservative management and received epidural blood patches were considered positive cases. In total, 292 patients were included; 134 underwent LP with 20-gauge needles (53 male, 81 female, average age 57.7) and 158 underwent LP with 22-gauge needles (79 male, 79 female, average age 54.6). Results Of 134 patients undergoing LP with 20-gauge needles, 15 (11%) had PLPH requiring epidural blood patch (11 female, 3 male, average age 38). Of 158 patients undergoing LP with 22-gauge needles, only 5 (3%) required epidural blood patches (all female, average age 43). The difference was statistically significant ( p < 0.01). Risk factors for PLPH included female gender, younger age, lower body mass index, history of prior PLPH and history of headaches. Conclusion Switching from 20-gauge to 22-gauge needles significantly decreased the incidence of PLPH requiring epidural blood patch. Narrower gauge or non-cutting needles should be considered in patients with risk factors for PLPH, allowing for CSF requirements.

Abstract P614: Effect Sizes of Vascular Risk Factors for Stroke Occurrence by Age Among West Africans

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayowa Owolabi ◽  
FRED S SARFO ◽  
Onoja Akpa ◽  
Joshua Akinyemi ◽  
Albert Akpalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Elderly Age

Background: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke occurrence due its influence on vascular risk factor acquisition. In sub-Saharan Africa, the effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence by age is unknown. Objective: To quantify the magnitude and direction of the effect sizes of key modifiable risk factors of stroke according to three age groups: <50years(young), 50-65 years(middle age) and >65 years(elderly) in West Africa. Methods: The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Cases include adults aged ≥18 years with evidence of an acute stroke. Controls were age-and-gender matched stroke-free adults. Detailed evaluations for vascular, lifestyle, stroke severity and outcomes were performed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of vascular risk factors of stroke. Results: Among 3,553 stroke cases, 813(22.9%) were young, 1441(40.6%) were middle-aged and 1299(36.6%) were elderly. Five modifiable risk factors were consistently associated with stroke occurrence regardless of age namely hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, regular meat consumption and non-consumption of green vegetables. Among the 5 co-shared risk factors, the effect size, aOR(95%CI) of dyslipidemia, 4.13(2.64-6.46), was highest among the young age group, hypertension, 28.93(15.10-55.44) and non-consumption of vegetables 2.34(1.70-3.23) was highest among the middle-age group while diabetes, aOR of 3.50(2.48-4.95) and meat consumption, 2.40(1.76-3.26) were highest among the elderly age group. Additionally, among the young age group cigarette smoking and cardiac disease were associated with stroke. Furthermore, physical inactivity and salt intake were associated with stroke in the middle-age group while cardiac disease was associated with stroke in the elderly age group. Conclusions: Age has a profound influence on the profile, magnitude and direction of effect sizes of vascular risk factors for stroke occurrence among West Africans. Population-level prevention of stroke must target both co-shared dominant risk factors as well as factors that are unique to specific age bands in Africa.

scholarly journals Study of Risk Factors for Conegnital Heart Defect in a Tertiary Level Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ferdousi Hossain Poly ◽  
Syeda Afroza ◽  
Hasanur Rahman ◽  
Md Imran Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Medical College ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

A congenital heart defect is a heart problem which is present at birth, caused by improper development of the heart during fetal development. In majority of cases there is no known reason for the heart to develop improperly. Some type of congenital heart defects are related to chromosomal abnormality(5-6%), some are to single gene defect(3-5%) or environmental factors(2%). In 85-90% of cases there is no identifiable cause and are generally considered to be caused by multifactorial inheritance. There are some maternal factors which have some role in cardiovascular malformations. These include high maternal age(above 30 years), maternal obesity, consanguinity among the parents, fever during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol consumption, ingestion of any teratogenic drug including homeopathy and herbal medicine. Objective of the study: To evaluate the risk factors associated with congenital heart disease. Methodology: A case control study was conducted at paediatric department of Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital following approval of the protocol from 1st January 2013 to 30th June 2014. Children fulfilling the inclusion criteria-(0-5 year old children of both sexes admitted in paediatric units of Mitford Hospital with any type of congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography) were considered as cases. A similar number of age and sex matched children admitted in Mitford Hospital without any cardiac defect were considered as controls. Data were collected by questionnaire. Results: The results show that majority of the cases are male. Maternal age (27.09 ± 4.63) and BMI (24.10 ± 2.28) both are significantly higher in cases than those of controls. Among the cases 31.8% mothers had consanguineous marriage (p=0.001) and 27.1% mothers had history of fever during pregnancy whereas it was present in 9.3% mothers of controls, the difference is significant statistically (p=0.001). Among the cases 34.6% mothers had history of gestational diabetes mellitus and only 18.9% controls had so and the difference is significant statistically (p=0.014). Conclusion: Relatively old age and more weight during pregnancy, consanguinity between parents, fever during pregnancy, history of gestational diabetes mellitus are the main risk factors of congenital heart defects in children J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 51-56

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Stroke in Young and Old Age Group Admitted in a Tertiary Level Hospital, Dhaka - A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Md. Nurul Amin Miah ◽  
MA Azhar ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
Durba Halder ◽  
Md. Akteruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Transient Ischemic Attack ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
Stroke In Young

Background: Stroke is an important cause of death and disability. Prevalence of stroke in Bangladesh differs with age. The risk factors in young differ in comparison to old age group. In this study risk factors of stroke in young in comparison to old age group were evaluated. Objectives: To compare the risk factors associated with stroke in young adult and to those of old age group. Methodology: This comparative study conducted in the department of Medicine and Neurology, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from January 2008 to June 2009. One hundred two stroke patient of above 15 years of age were confirmed by CT scan or MRI of brain those were included in young and old age groups. The risk factors of stroke were defined in terms of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, ischemic heart diseases, valvular heart disease, history of transient ischemic attack or stroke, smoking and oral contraceptive pill. Results: Of total 102 cases 17 were young adults and 85 old patients between 19 to 100 years. Mean age young adult was 39.76 (± 6.379) and old age was 65.06 (± 11.238). 61.7% were male & 38.2% were female and the ratio was 1.6:1. Amongst male 58.8% patients were smoker in each age group and only 2.9% old patients were alcoholic. Only 17.6% had previous history of transient ischemic attack or stroke in each age group. 58.8% of young and 48.2% of old were hypertensive. 7% old patients had history of ischemic heart disease. 5.9% of young and 2.4% of old patients had valvular heart disease but no patient had vasculitis. 16.7% old patients had diabetes mellitus. 4.9% of total patients (young 11.8% and 3.5% old) were oral contraceptive pill user. Out of all patients 24.7% old patients and 5.9% young adult was dyslipidaemic. Among all patients 66.7% patients had the Ischemic stroke and 33.3% patients had the hemorrhagic stroke. 68.2% old patients and 58.8% young patients had Ischemic stroke; 31.8% old patients and 41.2% young patients had hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusion: In young age group smoking, transient ischemic attack or stroke, hypertension, valvular heart disease, oral contraceptive pill and in old age group smoking, transient ischemic attack or stroke, hypertension, Ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia were found significant risk factors for development of stroke. So modification of risk factors may reduce the incidence of stroke. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2011; Vol. 27 (2) : 94-100 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjn.v27i2.17576

scholarly journals Study on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation & Operative Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Turani Talukder ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Md Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Condition

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a major clinical problem in gynaecology because it is often difficult to diagnose as the patient present in different ways. An accurate history taking and physical examination is considered to be most important in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. There are two treatment options, medical or surgical. Surgical treatment is the fastest treatment for ectopic pregnancy though surgical management decreased from approximately 90% to 65%1. Surgery may be the only treatment option if there is internal bleeding. In the medical treatment group, 15% of cases were categorized as failures and required surgery1.Objectives: This study was conducted in the department of obst and Gynae of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005 in an attempt to find out the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy, the way of presentation and to analyze the operative treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Materials and Methods: A total 50 consecutive patients who were clinically suspicious of ectopic pregnancy were included in this study between January 2005 to June 2005. Patients who were clinically suspicious of EP and also supported by positive urinary pregnancy tests, beta hCG and no intrauterine gestational sac in ultrasonography were included in this study. Detailed discussion about the study was done with the patient and then informed verbal consent was taken from them. Detailed history about patient profile, presenting symptoms, any risk factors and clinical examination done and the findings were recorded in the predesigned data collection sheet. Data was expressed in terms of frequencies and percentagesResults: Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years and 38% of low parity (para- 1).Previous miscarriage, infertility,IUCD users and PID identified as the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy— 42% patients had history of previous abortion or MR, period of infertility 22%, pelvic infection 12%, IUCD users 16%. In this study acute abdominal pain after a short period of amenorrhoea was found to be the main symptoms in ectopic pregnancy—100% patients were presented with lower abdominal pain, 70% with period of amenorrhea and 50% patients with per vaginal bleeding. All the patients were presented with acute condition and were surgically managed fastest treatment. At the time of operation 84% of ectopic tubal pregnancy were found ruptured, 10% were tubal abortion and 4% unruptured. Sites of ectopic pregnancy were ampullary 50%, isthmic 20%, fimbrial 10%.Conclusion: Most of the patient presented in acute condition with the classical features of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Near half of the patient were in younger age group (26 – 30 years) having risk factors like history of previous abortion/MR 42%, infertility 22% use of IUCD 16%, PID 12%. More then three forth( 84%) of cases were diagnosed as ruptured ectopic during operation. Operative management was done on the basis of site of ectopic and parity of the womanBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 9-14

Risk Factors for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in 6810 Young Women Attending Family Planning Clinics

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ramstedt ◽  
Lars Forssman ◽  
Johan Giesecke ◽  
Fredrik Granath
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Positive

Screening programmes are important for the control of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection, a disease spread mainly by asymptomatic carriers. Risk factors for Ct infection were assessed in 6810 consecutive asymptomatic young women seeking contraceptive advice. All women filled in a questionnaire and were offered Ct testing. Of the 5785 who consented to testing, 425 (7.3%) were Ct culture positive. Four variables were significantly related to increased risk of being infected: age 18–23 years, duration of present relationship < 1 year, non-use of condoms, and a history of not having had a previous genital infection. It is not possible to devise screening criteria that would effectively identify women at high risk. Therefore a screening programme should be targeted at all sexually active young people. However, if after some years the programme succeeds in lowering general Ct prevalence, these factors may be important when selecting patients for Ct testing.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Elderly Population of Alentejo

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Maria do Céu Mendes Pinto Marques ◽  
Ana Filipa Pereira Vaz ◽  
Ana Sofia Emídio Cardoso Leite ◽  
Cláudia Sofia Araújo ◽  
Cláudia Roque Condeço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Research Question ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevalence Studies

The objective of this chapter is to identify cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly and their prevalence in the elderly population of Alentejo. The research question was elaborated according to the PI[C]OD methodology. The prevalence studies included allow the authors to identify the risk factors with the greatest impact on cardiovascular diseases, with the analysis of at least one of the factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle) and their prevalence in the elderly from the region of Alentejo. The results present the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, mainly at the national level, compared to those at the regional level, with a small number of exclusive studies in the Alentejo region, while simultaneously disaggregating the results by age group. From the data obtained, it can be concluded that the prevalence of risk factors is generally increased in the elderly population and, consequently, in Alentejo, because it is a region in the interior of the country that is predominantly rural and very old.

scholarly journals Incidence of atrial fibrillation in different major cancer subtypes: a Nationwide population-based 12 year follow up study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Boegh Jakobsen ◽  
Morten Lamberts ◽  
Nicholas Carlson ◽  
Morten Lock-Hansen ◽  
Christian Torp-Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background The prevalence of both atrial fibrillation (AF) and malignancies are increasing in the elderly, but incidences of new onset AF in different cancer subtypes are not well described.The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the incidence of AF in different cancer subtypes and to examine the association of cancer and future AF. Methods Using national databases, the Danish general population was followed from 2000 until 2012. Every individual aged > 18 years and with no history of cancer or AF prior to study start was included. Incidence rates of new onset AF were identified and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of AF in cancer patients were calculated in an adjusted Poisson regression model. Results A total of 4,324,545 individuals were included in the study. Cancer was diagnosed in 316,040 patients. The median age of the cancer population was 67.0 year and 51.5% were females. Incidences of AF were increased in all subtypes of cancer. For overall cancer, the incidence was 17.4 per 1000 person years (PY) vs 3.7 per 1000 PY in the general population and the difference increased with age. The covariate adjusted IRR for AF in overall cancer was 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44–1.48). The strength of the association declined with time from cancer diagnosis (IRR0-90days = 3.41 (3.29–3.54), (IRR-180 days-1 year = 1.57 (CI 1.50–1.64) and (IRR2–5 years = 1.12 (CI 1.09–1.15). Conclusions In this nationwide cohort study we observed that all major cancer subtypes were associated with an increased incidence of AF. Further, cancer and AF might be independently associated.

scholarly journals Wheeze among Pneumonia Patients in Paediatrics Department of Patan Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Ram Shrestha ◽  
B Yadhav ◽  
S Shresta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Paediatric Ward ◽  
High Grade Fever ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Acute respiratory infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. It is estimated that 3.9 million children die annually from acute respiratary diseases and most of them in developing countries. In significant cases, wheeze is associated with Pneumonia. This study was done to find out the outcome of pneumonia patients admitted in the paediatric ward with wheeze and without wheeze in terms of hospital stay, age predominance, sex ratio, mortality and morbity of patients. Some comorbidies of patients were also studied, Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the paediatric ward of Patan Hospital from April-June 2004 to March-April 2006 AD with following inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the children presented to Emergency ward up to 14 years with symptoms and sign of pneumonia were included in the study(high grade fever with chills and rigor,cough,fast breathing,creps and wheeze in auscultation)Age more than 14 years,history of Asthma,Tuberculosis,Acute wheeze associated with cardiac problems were excluded from study.Pneumonia patients admitted not from Emergency department were also excluded from study. Pneumonia with wheeze, outcome, and the hospital stay were studied. The outcome was measured in terms of improvement, deterioration or death of patients. Co morbidities associated with Pneumonia were also studied. Results: Out of 4620 children admitted in pediatric ward eleven hundred and sixty four (Twenty five percent) cases were of pneumonia and among them two hundred eighty three(twenty four percent) had wheeze. Majority of patients with pneumonia having wheeze falls on age group in between 2 and 12 months, followed by 1-5 years. The male children were more frequently affected. The co morbidities were febrile seizure, acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and urinary tract infection. Conclusion: The children admitted in Paediatric ward with Pneumonia were eleven hundred and sixty four and with wheeze were two hundred and eight three. Among them male were more than females. Majority of patients falls on age group two to twelve months. and study showed that they had prolonged hospital stay in relation to without wheeze. Three percent of the cases had blood culture positive among eleven hundred and sixty four sample Key words: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Wheeze; Paediatric ward; Sepsis; hospital stay. DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v31i2.4642 J Nep Paedtr Soc 2010;31(2):116-120  

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