Depressive symptomatology in childhood and adolescence

Antecedents of depressive symptomatology in childhood and adolescence were examined in a prospective longitudinal study of at-risk youth (n = 168) from families of lower socioeconomic status. Relations between family context factors, maternal depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms in childhood and adolescence were examined, with a focus on early family relationship factors rarely available for analysis in longitudinal data sets. Results suggest the possibility of etiological differences between depressive symptoms in childhood and in adolescence. Depressive symptomatology in childhood was predicted by the overall family context. Cumulative effects of maternal depressive symptomatology, early care lacking in emotional supportiveness, abuse, and family stressors were observed. Depressive symptomatology in adolescence, on the other hand, was specifically associated with maternal depression and early care lacking in emotional supportiveness. Moreover, an intriguing sex difference emerged: maternal depressive symptomatology was strongly associated with depressive symptomatology in adolescence for females, but for males supportive early care appeared more relevant.

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Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00423.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gerben Meynen ◽

Heleen Van Stralen ◽

Jan H. Smit ◽

Wouter Kamphorst ◽

Dick F. Swaab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Temporal Cortex ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Depressive State ◽

Neuritic Plaques ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Severity Of Dementia ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Meynen G, Van Stralen H, Smit JH, Kamphorst W, Swaab DF, Hoogendijk WJG. Relation between neuritic plaques and depressive state in Alzheimer's disease.Background:To investigate for the first time in a prospective study the relationship between depressive state and the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease, using a scale for depressive symptoms in dementia, while controlling for clinical severity of dementia.Method:Within the framework of a prospective longitudinal study of depression in Alzheimer's disease, patients with dementia underwent a clinical evaluation every six months during the last years of their lives, using the Cornell scale for depression in dementia to assess depressive symptoms and using the Functional Assessment Staging scale to control for clinical severity of dementia. The brains of 43 Alzheimer patients were obtained. The last clinical evaluations prior to death together with post-mortem neuropathology measures were analysed.Results:We found a correlation between the Cornell scores and the sum score for the density of neuritic plaques in the entire cortex (p = 0.027), and even stronger in the temporal cortex (p = 0.012). The observed correlations were independent of sex, age of death, clinical dementia severity and duration of Alzheimer's disease.Conclusions:This study shows a positive relationship between depressive state at time of death and the presence of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease, which is independent of the clinical severity of dementia.

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HPA-axis Function and Depression in Adolescence: Are they Related to Prenatal Early Life Stress?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70534-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (S1) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

B. Van den Bergh ◽

B. Van Calster ◽

T. Smits ◽

S. Van Huffel ◽

A. Simons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Hpa Axis ◽

Early Life ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Maternal Anxiety ◽

Future Research ◽

Postnatal Life ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Early-life exposure to adverse environmental cues during critical windows of time in the prenatal and/or early postnatal life period could predispose the individual for somatic andmental diseases. This especially holds for stress-related disorders such as depression in which HPA-axis dysregulation plays a pathophysiological role. This is in line with the ‘fetal (or developmental) programming-hypothesis’ which has been tested in numerous preclinical experimental. We tested this hypothesis in humans in a prospective longitudinal study in which maternal emotional state was measured during each pregnancy trimester and after pregnancy. When the offspring was 14-15 years old, HPA-axis function was measured through establishing a saliva day-time cortisol profile. Severity of depressive symptoms was measured with the Children's Depression Inventory. Repeated measurements regression analysis and ordinary least-squares regression analyses indicated that maternal anxiety at 12-22 weeks of pregnancy was in female and male offspring associated with a diurnal cortisol profile that was attenuated due to elevated cortisol secretion in the evening. Moreover, in female adolescents this flattened cortisol curve was associated with depressive symptoms. Our results indicate that maternal anxiety during pregnancy enhances neurobiological vulnerability to depressive symptoms, possibly by altering (or ‘programming") foetal physiology. If our results can be replicated in future research they may lead to a re-orientation of the target of primary prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms. Preliminary results of a study on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal anxiety and cortisol stress responsivity during inoculation in the four month old will be presented.

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Higher cognitive ability buffers stress-related depressive symptoms in adolescent girls

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579415000310 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 97-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lucy Riglin ◽

Stephan Collishaw ◽

Katherine H. Shelton ◽

I. C. McManus ◽

Terry Ng-Knight ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Stressful Life Events ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Community Sample ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Data Sets ◽

Cognitive Operations

AbstractStress has been shown to have a causal effect on risk for depression. We investigated the role of cognitive ability as a moderator of the effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms and whether this varied by gender. Data were analyzed in two adolescent data sets: one representative community sample aged 11–12 years (n = 460) and one at increased familial risk of depression aged 9–17 years (n = 335). In both data sets, a three-way interaction was found whereby for girls, but not boys, higher cognitive ability buffered the association between stress and greater depressive symptoms. The interaction was replicated when the outcome was a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. This buffering effect in girls was not attributable to coping efficacy. However, a small proportion of the variance was accounted for by sensitivity to environmental stressors. Results suggest that this moderating effect of cognitive ability in girls is largely attributable to greater available resources for cognitive operations that offer protection against stress-induced reductions in cognitive processing and cognitive control which in turn reduces the likelihood of depressive symptomatology.

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A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.05.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 484-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

A.-L. Sutter-Dallay ◽

L. Murray ◽

L. Dequae-Merchadou ◽

E. Glatigny-Dallay ◽

M.-L. Bourgeois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Child Development ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Postnatal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFew studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms.MethodsIn a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account.ResultsChildren of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionEffects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.

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Effects of Father and Mother Attachment on Depressive Symptoms in Middle Childhood and Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11091153 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1153

Author(s):

Alexandra Iwanski ◽

Lucie Lichtenstein ◽

Laura E. Mühling ◽

Peter Zimmermann

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Middle Childhood ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

Longitudinal Assessment ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Regulation Strategies

Background: Attachment and emotion regulation play a decisive role in the developmental pathways of adaptation or maladaptation. This study tested concurrent and longitudinal associations between the attachment to mother and father, sadness regulation, and depressive symptoms. Methods: A total of 1110 participants from middle childhood to adolescence completed measures of attachment, emotion regulation, and depressive symptomatology. In total, 307 of them participated in the longitudinal assessment. Results: Results revealed attachment affects emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we found linear effects of the cumulative number of secure attachment relationships on adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation, as well as on depressive symptoms. Longitudinal analysis showed the significant mediating role of sadness regulation in the relationship between attachment and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Adaptive and maladaptive deactivating sadness regulation explain the longitudinal effects of attachment on depressive symptoms. Insecurely attached children and adolescents use maladaptive and adaptive sadness regulation strategies, but differ in their hierarchy of strategy use.

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Pathways from maternal depressive symptoms to children’s academic performance in adolescence: A 13‐year prospective‐longitudinal study

Child Development ◽

10.1111/cdev.13685 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Bechtiger ◽

Annekatrin Steinhoff ◽

Jessica M. Dollar ◽

Simone E. Halliday ◽

Susan P. Keane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Increasing mixed-berry flavonoid intake may reduce depressive symptoms in older adults: Framingham Heart Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 864-864

Author(s):

Courtney Millar ◽

Alyssa Dufour ◽

Marian Hannan ◽

Shivani Sahni

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Heart Study ◽

Flavonoid Intake ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Dietary Flavonoids

Abstract Depression affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Although epidemiological studies have linked higher dietary flavonoids with depression prevention in older women, it is unknown if increasing dietary flavonoids could effectively reduce depression. Mixed berries (blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry) are a rich source of flavonoids, particularly anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavan-3-ol subclasses. Our aim was to determine the association of mixed-berry flavonoid intake with change in depressive symptoms over ~8 years in older adults from the Framingham Heart Study. This community-based prospective longitudinal study included 1,278 adults with assessments on diet (food frequency questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CES-D) at baseline (1998-2001) and follow-up (2005-2008). Absolute change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake (defined as sum of anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavon-3-ols, mg/day) and change in CES-D scores were calculated. Linear regression estimated beta and standard error (SE) for change in CES-D scores per 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoids (obtained from ~3/4 cup of mixed berries), adjusting for baseline age, sex, energy-intake, current smoking, body mass index, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and non-melanoma cancer. Mean age was 59±9 years (range: 33-81), 57% female and mean change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was 15.0±72.8 mg/day over ~8 years. In adjusted models, each 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was associated with a 1-point reduction in depressive symptoms (beta: -1.06, SE: 0.61, p=0.08) over ~8 years, although this was not statistically significant. These data highlight the need for randomized clinical trials of flavonoid-rich berries to target depressive symptoms in older adults.

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Determinants of Antidepressant Treatment and Outpatient Rehabilitation Within the First Year After Stroke

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/0891988720973749 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089198872097374

Author(s):

Simon Ladwig ◽

Katja Werheid

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Outpatient Rehabilitation ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Telephone Interviews ◽

Individual Determinants ◽

History Of ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

This study aims to identify individual determinants of antidepressant treatment and outpatient rehabilitation after stroke. People with ischemic stroke ( N = 303) recruited at 2 inpatient rehabilitation clinics were included into a prospective longitudinal study with follow-up telephone interviews 6 and 12 months later. Participants reported on their use of antidepressant medication and psychotherapy as well as physical, occupational, speech, and neuropsychological therapy. The use of antidepressants at discharge ( n = 65, 23.8%) was predicted by the severity of depressive symptoms, severity of stroke, history of depression, and use of antidepressants at admission (all p < .05, R 2= .55). The number of outpatient rehabilitation services used at follow-ups was predicted by higher functional and cognitive impairment, higher education, younger age, severity of depressive symptoms, and lower self-efficacy (all p < .05; R 2 6M = .24, R 2 12M = .49). The relevance of identified determinants for the improvement of treatment rates after stroke is discussed.

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