scholarly journals Adversity in preschool-aged children: Effects on salivary interleukin-1β

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey R. Tyrka ◽  
Stephanie H. Parade ◽  
Thomas R. Valentine ◽  
Nicole M. Eslinger ◽  
Ronald Seifer
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Before And After

AbstractExposure to early life adversity is linked to impaired affective, cognitive, and behavioral functioning and increases risk for various psychiatric and medical conditions. Stress-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a biological mechanism of these effects. Few studies have examined cytokine levels in children experiencing early life adversity, and very little research has investigated cytokines or other markers of inflammation in saliva. In the present study, we examined salivary interleukin (IL)-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in relation to stress exposure in 40 children aged 3 to 5 years who were enrolled in a larger study of early life adversity. Childhood maltreatment status was assessed via review of child welfare records. Contextual stress exposure, traumatic life event history, and symptoms of psychopathology were assessed via caregiver interviews at a home visit. In a subsequent visit, salivary IL-1β and CRP were obtained before and after participation in four emotion-eliciting tasks. The number of past-month contextual stressors, lifetime contextual stressors, and traumatic life events each demonstrated a significant main effect on IL-1β. Baseline IL-1β was positively associated with each of the significant main-effect adversities. Postchallenge IL-1β displayed positive associations with each adversity variable, but these were not significant. CRP was not significantly associated with any of the adversity variables. Given the evidence suggesting the involvement of IL-1β in the neuropathology of psychiatric conditions, these results may have important implications for developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Parental socioeconomic position and chronic inflammation during adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fraga ◽  
M Severo ◽  
E Ramos ◽  
M Kelly-Irving ◽  
S Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Early Life ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Socioeconomic Environment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Abstract Background Early life adversity has been associated with increased risk of inflammation and inflammation-related diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine the association of parental socioeconomic position with chronic inflammation over adolescence. Methods We used information on 2942 members (1507 girls and 1435 boys) of the EPITeen cohort that was established in 2003 in Porto, Portugal, and included 13 years old adolescents that were further evaluated at 17 and 21 years. Mother’ and father’s education and occupation were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic position. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured at three points in time (13, 17 and 21 years). CRP levels were categorized in tertiles separately for each wave; chronic inflammation in adolescence was defined as having CRP levels in the highest tertile in at least 2 waves and never in the lowest tertile. Results Over adolescence, the prevalence of chronic inflammation was significantly higher among participants with low parental socioeconomic position. Low parental socioeconomic position was associated with chronic inflammation in adolescence, after adjustment for sex, perinatal and physical environment factors, health-related behaviours and health status in adolescence OR = 1.63; 95%CI: 1.11, 2.40 for lowest vs. highest mother’s education and OR = 1.61; 95%CI: 1.12, 2.30 for lowest vs. highest father’s education. Conclusions Low parental socioeconomic position is associated with chronic inflammation during adolescence. Our results suggest that the early life socioeconomic environment has an impact on inflammatory processes over adolescence.

scholarly journals Early life experiences and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina I. Rokita ◽  
Maria R. Dauvermann ◽  
Gary Donohoe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Early Life Adversity

AbstractObjective:To present a systematic review of the literature on the associations between early social environment, early life adversity, and social cognition in major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder.Method:Relevant studies were identified via electronic and manual searches of the literature and included articles written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals up to May 2018. Quality assessment was performed using the quality evaluation scale employed in previous systematic reviews.Results:A total of 25 studies were included in the systematic review with the quality assessment scores ranging from 3 to 6 (out of 6). The vast majority of the studies reviewed showed a significant association between early childhood social experience, including both insecure attachment and adversity relating to neglect or abuse, and poorer social cognitive performance.Conclusion:We discuss these findings in the context of an attachment model, suggesting that childhood social adversity may result in poor internal working models, selective attention toward emotional stimuli and greater difficulties with emotional self-regulation. We outline some of the steps required to translate this understanding of social cognitive dysfunction in major psychiatric disorders into a target for interventions that mitigate the adverse effects of childhood maltreatment and poor parental attachment on social cognition.

scholarly journals Immune-Related Genetic Overlap Between Regional Gray Matter Reductions and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents, and Gene-Set Validation in a Translational Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Penninck ◽  
El Chérif Ibrahim ◽  
Eric Artiges ◽  
Victor Gorgievski ◽  
Sylvane Desrivières ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Gene Set

Adolescence is a period of vulnerability for the maturation of gray matter (GM) and also for the onset of psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Chronic neuroinflammation is considered to play a role in the etiology of these illnesses. However, the involvement of neuroinflammation in the observed link between regional GM volume reductions and psychiatric symptoms is not established yet. Here, we investigated a possible common immune-related genetic link between these two phenomena in european adolescents recruited from the community. Hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were defined a priori as regions of interest (ROIs). Their GM volumes were extracted in 1,563 14-year-olds from the IMAGEN database. We found a set of 26 SNPs that correlated with the hippocampal volumes and 29 with the mPFC volumes at age 14. We formed two ROI-Related Immune-gene scores (RRI) with the inflammation SNPs that correlated to hippocampal GM volume and to mPFC GM volume. The predictive ability of both RRIs with regards to the presence of psychiatric symptoms at age 18 was investigated by correlating the RRIs with psychometric questionnaires obtained at age 18. The RRIs (but not control scores constructed with random SNPs) correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms, positive psychotic symptoms, and externalizing symptoms in later adolescence. In addition, the effect of childhood maltreatment, one of the major environmental risk factors for depression and other mental disorders, interacted with the RRI effect. We next sought to validate this finding by investigating our set of inflammatory genes in a translational animal model of early life adversity. Mice were subjected to a protocol of maternal separation at an early post-natal age. We evaluated depressive behaviors in separated and non-separated mice at adolescence and their correlations with the concomitant expression of our genes in whole blood samples. We show that in mice, early life adversity affected the expression of our set of genes in peripheral blood, and that levels of expression correlated with symptoms of negative affect in adolescence. Overall, our translational findings in adolescent mice and humans provide a novel validated gene-set of immune-related genes for further research in the early stages of mood disorders.

scholarly journals Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-gamma as indices of inflammation activity in patients with acute brucellosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
I. V. Sannikova ◽  
O. V. Mahinja ◽  
N. I. Kovalevich ◽  
N. S. Sarkisjan ◽  
M. V. Titorenko
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Binding

Brucellosis is characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations, the possibility of subclinical flow, the development of relapses and chronic course. Currently, there are nolaboratory criteria to assess the activity of inflammation in brucellosis, the effectiveness of the therapy, predict the outcome of the disease and the risks of recurrence. Available in clinical practice, laboratory tests to assess inflammation, in particular, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, leukocyte level, with brucellosis infection are almost not informative. An important role in the development of the cellular immune response against brucella is played by interferon-γ, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and neopterin. The aim of the study was to determine the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-γ,in the serum of patients with acute form of brucellosis beforeand after antibacterial treatment. When studying the blood of patients with acute brucellosis before and after therapy, the indices of neopterin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interferon-γ were significantly higher than normalvalues. The obtained results testify to the persisting active inflammation and the formation of a chronic brucellosis. Determination of the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, neopterin and interferon-γ in the blood of patients withbrucellosis can be used as markers of inflammation and in monitoring the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy.

scholarly journals The 5-HTTLPR genotype, early life adversity and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress in women

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurate Aleknaviciute ◽  
Joke H. M. Tulen ◽  
Yolanda B. de Rijke ◽  
Mark van der Kroeg ◽  
Cornelis G. Kooiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Personality Psychopathology

BackgroundThe serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has previously been associated with hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis function. Moreover, it has been suggested that this association is moderated by an interaction with stressful life experiences.AimsTo investigate the moderation of cortisol response to psychosocial stress by 5-HTTLPR genotype, either directly or through an interaction with early life stress.MethodA total of 151 women, 85 of which had personality psychopathology, performed the Trier Social Stress Test while cortisol responsivity was assessed.ResultsThe results demonstrate a main effect of genotype on cortisol responsivity. Women carrying two copies of the long version of 5-HTTLPR exhibited stronger cortisol responses to psychosocial stress than women with at least one copy of the short allele (P = 0.03). However, the proportion of the variance of stress-induced cortisol responsivity explained by 5-HTTLPR genotype was not further strengthened by including early life adversity as a moderating factor (P = 0.52).ConclusionsOur results highlight the need to clarify gender-specific biological factors influencing the serotonergic system. Furthermore, our results suggest that childhood maltreatment, specifically during the first 15 years of life, is unlikely to exert a moderating influence of large effect on the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR genotype and cortisol responsivity to psychosocial stress.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals PENILAIAN JUMLAH NEUTROFIL, LIMFOSIT DAN TROMBOSIT, KADAR PROTEIN REAKTIF C, KADAR ALBUMIN, RASIO NEUTROFIL LIMFOSIT, SERTA RASIO TROMBOSIT LIMFOSIT SEBELUM DAN SETELAH TERAPI PADA PENDERITA KARSINOMA PAYUDARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Hartono ◽  
Victor S. Pontoh ◽  
Marselus A. Merung
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Stadium Iv ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Breast carcinoma is a type of carcinoma that has sufficiently high prevalence and can occur in men and women, with a much higher prevalence in women. In addition to the high number of cases, more than 70% of patients with breast carcinoma was found at an advanced stage. There are several studies measuring markers of inflammation and the levels of albumin in the search for an independent prognostic association in various carcinomas. The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes, ratio of platelets to lymphocyte, C-reactive protein, and albumin are predictors in analyzing the changes that occur before and after treatment (chemotherapy and/or surgery) in patients with breast carcinoma. This was an interventional analytical study with a cross-sectional design, conducted in Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period of May 2014 to April 2015. The results showed that there were 43 females with breast carcinoma with an average age of 52.16 years. The state dof carcinoma were as follows: stage IIIA 5 patients (11.6%), IIIB 25 patients (58.1%), IIIC 11 patients (25.6%), and stage IV 2 patients (4.7%). Modality of chemotherapy plus surgery was performed on 40 patients (93%), chemotherapy only on 2 patients (4.7 %), and surgery only on 1 patient (2.3%). Among the treated patients there were significant declines in the value of neutrophils, platelets, C-reactive protein, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, and platelet lymphocyte ratio, moreover, there were significant inclines in lymphocytes and albumin. Conclusion: Modality of chemotherapy and/or surgery in patients with breast carcinoma significantly affected the haemopoetic process (declines of neutrophil and platelet counts, NLR and TLR values), declined CRP levels, but inclined lymphocyte count as well as albumin levels when compared before and after treatment.Keywords: breast carcinoma, C-reactive protein, albumin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, thrombocyte lymphocyte ratioAbstrak: Karsinoma payudara (KPD) merupakan salah satu jenis karsinoma yang memiliki prevalensi cukup tinggi dan dapat terjadi pada pria maupun wanita, dengan prevalensi yang jauh lebih tinggi pada wanita. Selain jumlah kasus yang tinggi, lebih dari 70% penderita KPD ditemukan pada stadium lanjut. Terdapat beberapa penelitian mengukur petanda peradangan dan kadar albumin dalam mencari kaitan prognostik independen pada berbagai karsinoma. Rasio neutrofil limfosit, rasio trombosit limfosit, protein reaktif C, dan albumin menjadi prediktor dalam menganalisis perubahan yang terjadi sebelum dan setelah terapi (kemoterapi dan/atau operasi) pada pasien KPD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian intervensional analitik dengan desain potong lintang, yang dilakukan di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado selama periode Mei 2014 - April 2015. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 43 pasien KPD yangdirawat dengan usia rata-rata 52,16 tahun. Keadaan karsinoma stadium IIIA pada 5 pasien (11,6%), IIIB 25 pasien (58,1%), IIIC 11 pasien (25,6%), dan stadium IV 2 pasien (4,7%). Pemberian modalitas kemoterapi dan operasi pada 40 pasien (93%), hanya kemoterapi 2 pasien (4,7%), dan hanya operasi 1 pasien (2,3%). Terjadi penurunan bermakna pada nilai hitung neutrofil dan trombosit, protein reaktif C, rasio neutrofil limfosit dan rasio trombosit limfosit pada pasien yang diterapi. Selain itu terjadi peningkatan bermakna pada nilai hitung limfosit dan albumin. Simpulan Tindakan yang diberikan baik kemoterapi dan/atau operasi pada pasien karsinoma payudara memengaruhi proses hemopoetik (penurunan hitung neutrofil, trombosit, nilai NLR, nilai TLR) dan penurunan kadar CRP, serta peningkatan limfosit dan kadar albumin saat dibandingkan sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan.Kata kunci: karsinoma payudara, protein reaktif C, albumin, rasio neutrofil limfosit, rasio trombosit limfosit

scholarly journals Cognitive flexibility and perceived threat from COVID-19 mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and state anxiety

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243881
Author(s):  
Vrinda Kalia ◽  
Katherine Knauft ◽  
Niki Hayatbini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Converging empirical evidence indicates that exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with increased vulnerability to mental health problems in adulthood. As early life adversity has the potential to alter an individual’s appraisal of threat, we hypothesized that individuals exposed to adversity in childhood may also exhibit increased threat from environmental stressors, which in turn may impact their state anxiety levels. We examined the relations between adverse childhood experiences, assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale (ACEs), perceived threat from COVID-19, and state anxiety in a sample of adults. Additionally, flexibility is implicated in adaptive coping with life’s stressors so we also assessed participants’ cognitive flexibility. Parallel mediation regression analyses revealed that both perceived threat from COVID-19 and flexibility in the appraisal of challenges mediated the influence of maltreatment, but not household dysfunction, on state anxiety. Our data indicate that experience with early life adversity in the form of maltreatment is associated with increased perceived threat from COVID-19, which results in higher anxiety levels for the individual. In contrast, childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced flexibility in appraising challenges, which in turn mediates the relationship between maltreatment and anxiety. The findings of this study adds to the limited literature on the impact of early life adversity on cognitive flexibility and highlights the psychological toll of COVID-19 on individuals who have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences.

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