scholarly journals Autobiographical memory as a latent vulnerability mechanism following childhood maltreatment: Association with future depression symptoms and prosocial behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vanessa B. Puetz ◽  
Essi Viding ◽  
Ferdinand Hoffmann ◽  
Mattia I. Gerin ◽  
Molly Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Neural Reactivity ◽  
Cue Words

Abstract Objectives Childhood maltreatment is associated with altered neural reactivity during autobiographical memory (ABM) recall and a pattern of overgeneral memory (OGM). Altered ABM and OGM have been linked with psychopathology and poorer social functioning. The present study investigated the association between altered ABM and subsequent socio-emotional functioning (measured two years later) in a sample of adolescents with (N = 20; maltreatment group, MT) and without (N = 17; non-MT group) documented childhood maltreatment histories. Method At baseline, adolescents (aged 12.6 ± 1.45 years) were administered the Autobiographical Memory Test to measure OGM. Participants also recalled specific ABMs in response to emotionally valenced cue words during functional MRI. Adolescents in both groups underwent assessments measuring depressive symptoms and prosocial behavior at both timepoints. Regression analyses were carried out to predict outcome measures at follow-up controlling for baseline levels. Results In the MT group, greater OGM at baseline significantly predicted reduced prosocial behavior at follow-up and showed a trend level association with elevated depressive symptoms. Patterns of altered ABM-related brain activity did not significantly predict future psycho-social functioning. Conclusions The current findings highlight the potential value of OGM as a cognitive mechanism that could be targeted to reduce risk of depression in adolescents with prior histories of maltreatment.

Specificity and detail in autobiographical memory retrieval: A multi-site (re)investigation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David John Hallford ◽  
Tom Joseph Barry ◽  
Eline Belmans ◽  
Filip Raes ◽  
Sam Dax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Memory Specificity ◽  
Specific Event ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Cue Words

This investigation examined conflicting suggestions regarding the association between problems retrieving specific autobiographical memories and the tendency to retrieve the details of these memories. We also examined whether these tendencies are differentially related to depression symptoms. U.S., Belgian, Hong Kong and Japanese participants retrieved memories related to cue words. Responses were coded for if they referred to a specific event (i.e., an event lasting less than 24 hours) and their details (What? Where? Who?). Across sites, and in meta-analyses, the retrieval of more specific memories was associated with retrieval of more details. Memories that were specific included more detail than non-specific memories. Across sites, retrieval of more specific memories and more detail was associated with less severe depression symptoms. Episodic specificity and detailedness are related but separable constructs. Future investigations of autobiographical memory specificity, and methods for alleviating problematic specificity, should consider measures of episodic detailedness.

scholarly journals A secondary analysis of internet-delivered cognitive-behaviour treatment for adults with severe depressive symptoms (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Richards ◽  
Daniel Duffy ◽  
John Burke ◽  
Melissa Anderson-Gibbons ◽  
Sarah Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

BACKGROUND Depression is a highly prevalent mental health issue that exacts significant economic, societal, personal and interpersonal costs. Innovative internet-delivered interventions have been designed to increase accessibility to and cost-effectiveness of treatments. These treatments have mainly targeted mild to moderate levels of depression. The increased risk associated with severe depression, particularly of suicidal ideation often results in this population being excluded from research studies. As a result, effectiveness of iCBT in more severely depressed cohorts is less researched. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of iCBT on symptoms of severe depression, comorbid symptoms of anxiety and levels of work and social functioning. METHODS Retrospective consent was provided by participants with elevated scores (>28 severe depression symptoms) on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) who accessed an iCBT intervention (Space from Depression) with support for 8 weeks. Data was collected at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up on the primary outcome the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and secondary outcomes; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). RESULTS Significant change was observed on all measures between pre- and post- measurement, and maintained at 3-month follow-up. Clinical improvement was observed for participants on the BDI-II from pre- to post- measurement and suicidal ideation also reduced from pre- to post- measurement. CONCLUSIONS Space from Depression was found to decrease symptoms of depression and anxiety and increase work and social functioning for individuals with severe depression symptoms. The intervention also demonstrated its potential to decrease suicidal ideation. Further investigation is required to determine why some individuals improve, and others do not. ICBT may have the potential to be used as an adjunct treatment for severe depression symptoms, but participants may require further treatment if they receive iCBT as a standalone. Although promising, further research is needed to support the utility of Space from Depression for use in or as an adjunct to treatment for severe depression.

scholarly journals Impact of problematic mobile phone use and insufficient physical activity on depression symptoms: a college-based follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Xie ◽  
Shuman Tao ◽  
Yukun Zhang ◽  
Fangbiao Tao ◽  
Xiaoyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Problematic Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Insufficient Physical Activity

Abstract Background Insufficient physical activity (IPA) and mobile phone dependence are common coexisting behaviors among college students. However, the impact of the synergies between the two behaviors on depression has yet to be validated. Therefore, this study evaluated independent and interactive associations of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and IPA with depression symptoms and increased depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Methods In total, 2134 college students participated in this follow-up study, which was conducted between June 2014 (wave 1) and December 2014 (wave 2) at Anhui Medical University. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used to assess PMPU and depression symptoms, respectively. Physical activity (PA) was assessed with a reliable question from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Joint effects of PMPU and PA were calculated, and increased depressive symptoms were assessed. We used multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate associations between depression symptoms and PMPU, IPA, and the PMPU/IPA joint effect, estimated by binary logistic regression models. Results PMPU and high PMPU/IPA joint effect scores were significantly associated with depression symptoms in waves 1 (OR 7.36, 95% CI: 5.09, 10.66) and 2 (OR 3.74, 95% CI: 2.56, 5.48). IPA was significantly associated with depression symptoms in wave 1 (OR 1.40, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.79) but not wave 2 (OR 1.24, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.62). PMPU and high PMPU/IPA joint effect scores were also significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.60). Conclusions These results suggest that PMPU is an important factor for depression in college students, and IPA may be a synergistic factor.

scholarly journals MAP training: combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Alderman ◽  
Ryan Olson ◽  
C.J. Brush ◽  
Tracey Shors
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training through meditation and physical training through aerobic exercise. The intervention was translated from neuroscientific studies indicating that MAP training increases neurogenesis in the adult brain. Each session consisted of 30 min of focused-attention (FA) meditation and 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Fifty-two participants completed the 8-week intervention, which consisted of two sessions per week. Following the intervention, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 22) reported significantly less depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts. Typical healthy individuals (n = 30) also reported less depressive symptoms at follow-up. Behavioral and event-related potential indices of cognitive control were collected at baseline and follow-up during a modified flanker task. Following MAP training, N2 and P3 component amplitudes increased relative to baseline, especially among individuals with MDD. These data indicate enhanced neural responses during the detection and resolution of conflicting stimuli. Although previous research has supported the individual beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and meditation for depression, these findings indicate that a combination of the two may be particularly effective in increasing cognitive control processes and decreasing ruminative thought patterns.

Functional brain plasticity following childhood maltreatment: A longitudinal fMRI investigation of autobiographical memory processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
V. B. Puetz ◽  
E. Viding ◽  
E. A. Maguire ◽  
A. Mechelli ◽  
D. Armbruster-Genç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Neural Basis

Abstract Altered autobiographical memory (ABM) processing characterizes some individuals with experiences of childhood maltreatment. This fMRI study of ABM processing evaluated potential developmental plasticity in neural functioning following maltreatment. Adolescents with (N = 19; MT group) and without (N = 18; Non-MT group) documented childhood maltreatment recalled specific ABMs in response to emotionally valenced cue words during fMRI at baseline (age 12.71 ± 1.48) and follow-up (14.88 ± 1.53 years). Psychological assessments were collected at both timepoints. Longitudinal analyses were carried out with BOLD signal changes during ABM recall and psychopathology to investigate change over time. In both groups there was relative stability of the ABM brain network, with some developmental maturational changes observed in cortical midline structures (ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (pCC), and retrosplenial cortex (rSC). Significantly increased activation of the right rSC was observed only in the MT group, which was associated with improved psychological functioning. Baseline group differences in relation to hippocampal functioning, were not detected at follow-up. This study provides preliminary empirical evidence of functional developmental plasticity in children with documented maltreatment experience using fMRI. This suggests that altered patterns of brain function, associated with maltreatment experience, are not fixed and may reflect the potential to track a neural basis of resilience.

The long-term association of OCD and depression and its moderators: A four-year follow up study in a large clinical sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tibi ◽  
P. van Oppen ◽  
A.J.L.M. van Balkom ◽  
M. Eikelenboom ◽  
J. Rickelt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Prospective Association

AbstractBackground:Depression is the most common comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanisms of depressive comorbidity in OCD are poorly understood. We assessed the directionality and moderators of the OCD-depression association over time in a large, prospective clinical sample of OCD patients.Methods:Data were drawn from 382 OCD patients participating at the Netherlands Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study. Cross-lagged, structural equation modeling analyses were used to assess the temporal association between OCD and depressive symptoms. Assessments were conducted at baseline, two-year and four-year follow up. Cognitive and interpersonal moderators of the prospective association between OCD and depressive symptoms were tested.Results:Cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that OCD predicts depressive symptoms at two-year follow up and not vice a versa. This relationship disappeared at four-year follow up. Secure attachment style moderated the prospective association between OCD and depression.Conclusions:Depressive comorbidity in OCD might constitute a functional consequence of the incapacitating OCD symptoms. Both OCD and depression symptoms demonstrated strong stability effects between two-year and four-year follow up, which may explain the lack of association between them in that period. Among OCD patients, secure attachment represents a buffer against future depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Goldstein ◽  
Ellen M. Kessel ◽  
Autumn Kujawa ◽  
Megan C. Finsaas ◽  
Joanne Davila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Depression Symptoms

AbstractBackgroundReward processing deficits have been implicated in the etiology of depression. A blunted reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential elicited by feedback to monetary gain relative to loss, predicts new onsets and increases in depression symptoms. Etiological models of depression also highlight stressful life events. However, no studies have examined whether stressful life events moderate the effect of the RewP on subsequent depression symptoms. We examined this question during the key developmental transition from childhood to adolescence.MethodsA community sample of 369 children (mean age of 9) completed a self-report measure of depression symptoms. The RewP to winning v. losing was elicited using a monetary reward task. Three years later, we assessed stressful life events occurring in the year prior to the follow-up. Youth depressive symptoms were rated by the children and their parents at baseline and follow-up.ResultsStressful life events moderated the effect of the RewP on depression symptoms at follow-up such that a blunted RewP predicted higher depression symptoms in individuals with higher levels of stressful life events. This effect was also evident when events that were independent of the youth's behavior were examined separately.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the RewP reflects a vulnerability for depression that is activated by stress.

scholarly journals Supported Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Treatment for Adults with Severe Depressive Symptoms: A Secondary Analysis

10.2196/10204 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e10204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Richards ◽  
Daniel Duffy ◽  
John Burke ◽  
Melissa Anderson ◽  
Sarah Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Depression is a highly prevalent mental health issue that exacts significant economic, societal, personal, and interpersonal costs. Innovative internet-delivered interventions have been designed to increase accessibility to and cost-effectiveness of treatments. These treatments have mainly targeted mild to moderate levels of depression. The increased risk associated with severe depression, particularly of suicidal ideation often results in this population being excluded from research studies. As a result, the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) in more severely depressed cohorts is less researched. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effect of iCBT on symptoms of severe depression, comorbid symptoms of anxiety, and levels of work and social functioning. Methods Retrospective consent was provided by participants with elevated scores (>28 severe depression symptoms) on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) who accessed an iCBT intervention (Space from Depression) with support for up to 8 weeks. Data were collected at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up on the primary outcome (BDI-II), and secondary outcomes (the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Work and Social Adjustment Scale). Results A significant change was observed on all measures between pre- and postmeasurement and maintained at 3-month follow-up. Clinical improvement was observed for participants on the BDI-II from pre- to postmeasurement, and suicidal ideation also reduced from pre- to postmeasurement. Conclusions Users of Space from Depression with symptoms of severe depression were found to have decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety and increased levels of work and social functioning. The intervention also demonstrated its potential to decrease suicidal ideation. Further investigation is required to determine why some individuals improve, and others do not. iCBT may have the potential to be used as an adjunct treatment for severe depression symptoms, but participants may require further treatment if they receive iCBT as a standalone intervention. Although promising, further research incorporating control groups is needed to support the utility of Space from Depression for use in or as an adjunct to treatment for severe depression.

scholarly journals The Efficacy and Acceptability of Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomiao Li ◽  
Tengyue Huang ◽  
Shiyu Tan ◽  
Siyu Xie ◽  
Qisheng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Severity Rating

Abstract BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common among children and adolescents who have experienced traumatic events. Exposure therapy (ET) has been shown to be effective in treating PTSD in adults. However, it remains uncertain in children and adolescents. AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of ET in children and adolescents with PTSD.MethodWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ProQuest, LILACS, international trial registries, and others for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessed ET in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 18 years) with PTSD up to August 31, 2020. The primary outcomes were efficacy (the endpoint score from PTSD symptom severity rating scales) and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation), secondary outcomes included efficacy at follow-up (score from PTSD scales at the longest point of follow-up), depressive symptoms (end-point score on depressive symptom severity rating scales) and quality of life/social functioning (end-point score on quality of life/social functioning rating scales).This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020150859).ResultA total of six RCTs including 278 patients assessed ET. The results showed that ET was statistically more efficacious than control groups (standardized mean differences [SMD]: −0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.91 to −0.03). In subgroup analysis, exposure therapy was more efficacious for patients with single type of trauma (SMD: −1.04, 95%CI: −1.43 to −0.65), and the intervention using prolonged exposure therapy (PE) (SMD: −1.04, 95%CI: −1.43 to −0.65) was superior. Results for secondary outcomes of efficacy at follow-up (SMD: −0.64, 95%CI: −1.17 to −0.10) and depressive symptoms (SMD: −0.58, 95%CI: −0.93 to −0.22) were similar to the findings for efficacy outcome. No statistically significant effects for acceptability and quality of life/social functioning were found.ConclusionET showed superiority in efficacy at post-treatment/follow-up and depressive symptoms improvement in children and adolescents with PTSD. Patients with single type of trauma may benefit more from ET. Moreover, PE could be a better choice.

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