OBJECT, MEMORY, AND MATERIALITY AT YAXCHILAN: THE RESET LINTELS OF STRUCTURES 12 AND 22

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article focuses on Structures 12 and 22 from Yaxchilan (Chiapas, Mexico), where the ancient Maya reset stone lintels from the sixth centurya.d.in eighth-century buildings. The resetting highlights attention to the preservation of the lintels as relics from the past. Valued for their antiquity and the histories they had accrued, particularly from contact with ancestors, they served as loci for communication with the past, with memory inhering in their materiality. This essay also explores the lintels’ physical contexts and how the Maya may have engaged with them. For example, the arrangement of the Structure 12 lintels would have guided circumambulation. Such movement was associated with sacred processions, and evidence suggests the building was reserved for ancestor veneration. Although only restricted groups could have entered the small structure to perform rites, these may have been integrated into extended ceremonial circuits in public spaces.This article connects with studies of the life histories of things, in which analysis is directed toward objects’ use, reuse, and modification. Examining how people interacted with sculptures over time offers insight into the people and the objects and provides glimpses into Late Classic Maya perception of sculptures and their material qualities.

scholarly journals ASSAY OF ENGLISH CUISINE: ADVENT AND ADVANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.

God in the Book of the Twelve

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
James D. Nogalski
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Book Of The Twelve ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Character Of God ◽  
Do So

This essay considers the nature and character of God in the Twelve. To do so requires one to extrapolate assumptions about God on multiple levels: individual units, thematic developments, and modes of speech. When these elements are evaluated within the individual books and across the Book of the Twelve as a curated collection, a portrait of YHWH’s actions and motives develops that highlights YHWH’s covenantal expectations across time (from the eighth century to the Persian period) and for the future (a Day of YHWH still to come). The resulting portrait has a didactic purpose designed both to warn Jerusalem’s cultic elite of their responsibility and to admonish the people of YHWH to avoid the mistakes of the past.

scholarly journals Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDIK PERMANA ◽  
Ruhyat Partasasmita ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
ENENG NUNUZ ROHMATULLAYALY ◽  
BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract. Permana S, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J, Rohmatullayaly EN, Iskandar BS, Malone N. 2020. Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 521-529. In the past, rural Sundanese people’s interactions with wild animals, including nonhuman primates (hereafter ‘primates’), is influenced by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) with foundations in various myths and beliefs. Today, because of environmental changes, development of a market economy, cultural change, and the enhancement of agricultural technology, the beliefs and practices associated with TEK have eroded. We aim to describe the present perceptions of primates by the Sundanese people of Ujungjaya Village, Sumur Subdistrict, Ujung Kulon, Banten Province, and demonstrate how these myths and beliefs manifest in behavior towards primates. We use qualitative methods based on an ethnobiological approach to gain insight into people’s perceptions of their natural surroundings. Our results show that the people of Ujungjaya still maintain deep perceptions that are manifested in stories, songs, poems, spells, and invocations that prohibit the killing of primates. However, on their own, these manifestations are insufficient to protect primates from harm as the penetration of market economies and the fragmentation of habitats create the conditions for increased human-primate conflict. Indeed, the people of Ujungjaya sometimes hunt and capture primates for consumption, trading, and medicinal use. As such, laws and regulations designed to promote conservation are insufficient without an understanding of the cultural and socio-economic aspects of people’s lives.

scholarly journals Participation of Children and Parents in the Swiss Child Protection System in the Past and Present: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Aline Schoch ◽  
Gaëlle Aeby ◽  
Brigitte Müller ◽  
Michelle Cottier ◽  
Loretta Seglias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Adult Protection

As in other European countries, the Swiss child protection system has gone through substantial changes in the course of the 20th century up to today. Increasingly, the needs as well as the participation of children and parents affected by child protection interventions have become a central concern. In Switzerland, critical debates around care-related detention of children and adults until 1981 have led to the launch of the National Research Program ‘Welfare and Coercion—Past, Present and Future’ (NRP 76), with the aim of understanding past and current welfare practices. This paper is based on our research project, which is part of this national program. We first discuss three overarching concepts—integrity, autonomy and participation—at the heart of a theoretical framework in order to understand the position of parents and children in child protection proceedings. Secondly, we critically analyze the historical and legal development of the child protection system in Switzerland and its effects on children and parents from 1912 until today. Thirdly, we give an insight into the current Swiss child protection system, with an investigation of hearings of parents and children conducted by the Child and Adult Protection Authorities (CAPA) based on participant observations. In particular, we show the importance of information exchanges and of signs of mutual recognition. Finally, in light of our findings, we discuss the interplay between socio-historical and legal developments in child protection and their consequences for the integrity, autonomy and participation of the people involved.

Conflict Resolution and Patronage in Provincial Towns, 1590–1640

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Historians of early modern England, just like the people they study, are preoccupied with order and disorder. Particularly for the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, attention has focused on how a government and political nation whose prescriptions demanded unanimity and stability descended into civil war and revolution, the ultimate disorder. The period saw rising populations, social mobility, economic change, and religious division, all of which placed stress on the traditional order. These agents of turmoil deserve close attention. But in focusing so intently on breakdown, we tend to miss seeing how Elizabethan and early Stuart government actually worked. For most of these years, a reasonably stable and increasingly integrated royal government ruled peacefully over the English people. By shifting our attention away from breakdown, we can begin to ask critical new questions. How, precisely, did the leaders of this society work to create order in the face of difference? How did the nature of government affect the ways that people sought stability?Evidence from urban government—provincial borough corporations—provides critical insight into these questions. Civic leaders found that the best way to maintain order and authority in their own communities was by participating in the wider governing structures of the state. London's attempts at the “pursuit of stability” have received serious treatment in recent years. Provincial towns, however, have less often been studied as a means to understand the polity as a whole. They have in the past been characterized as quite insular, either abjectly dependent on a great lord or gentleman or else “independent” and unwilling to brook outside influences; they sought stability and control by looking inward, reinforcing their own authority.

How they made us believe their truths: Monumental art in public spaces before and after the fall of communism (the case of Slovakia)

Human Affairs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabína Jankovičová ◽  
Magda Petrjánošová
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper is concerned with monumental art in Slovakia before and after the fall of Communism in 1989. Generally, art in public spaces is important, because it influences the knowledge and feelings the people who use this space have about the past and the present, and thus influences the shared social construction of who we are as a social group. In this article we concentrate on the period of Communism and the formal and iconographic aspects that were essential to art at that time. We also look at the political use of art—the ways in which explicit and implicit meanings and ideas were communicated through art to the general public. We touch also on the present situation regarding the perception of “Communist art”. In the final section we discuss the state of affairs of the last twenty years of chaotic freedom in the post-socialist era. On the one hand, since there is no real cultural politics or conception for artworks in public spaces at the level of the state many artworks simply disappear, often without public discussion, and on the other hand, some actors use their political power to build monuments that promote their private political views.

scholarly journals Lazarica in Sirinićka župa: Real and action component of the ritual

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Emilija Redžić
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is the result of the field research in the area of Sirinićka župa, at the foot of Šara Mountain. The subject of the research is the description of the ritual called Lazarica, which is related to Lazarus Saturday. From the ethno-linguistic aspect, the real and action components of the ritual are analyzed, which provides insight into the ritual procedures and objects. Rituals are presented in the past and present, with all variants of the Lazarica ritual recorded in the field, in order to determine the differences caused by time, as well as folk beliefs and attitudes regarding different segments of the customary-ritual practice, in order to gain a more complete picture of cultural consciousness of the people in this area.

The World of Tuscan Tomb Robbers: Living with the Local Community and the Ancestors

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diura Thoden van Velzen
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Cultural Patrimony ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Material Gain ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Insight Into

Grave robbers, we all know, loot tombs for material gain. Recently, however, Italian tomb robbers, or tombaroli, have sought public attention by publishing their biographies and appearing on television to present an entirely new image of their métier. They depict themselves as heroes who bring the treasures of the past to the public and boast of an expertise, which remains unrecognised by official archaeologists. Rather than merely dismissing these stories as a justification, or glorification of an illegal activity, a more careful reading reveals many issues, which are of considerable importance to heritage management and archaeological research. These accounts contain a wealth of information on the identity of the people who loot tombs; their backgrounds, motivations and attempts to legitimate their actions. Moreover, they provide a unique insight into the relations between tomb robbers and the communities within which they operate. It is well known that public opinion in Italy and elsewhere to some extent sanctions illegal digging and, in my view, changing these attitudes could prove to be one of the most important steps towards a more effective policy of protecting the cultural patrimony.

scholarly journals Techniques for Identifying the Age and Sex of Children at Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Buckberry
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Age And Sex

The skeletal remains of infants and children are a poignant reminder of the perilous nature of childhood in the past, yet they offer valuable insight into the life histories of individuals and into the health of populations. Many osteoarchaeological and bioarchaeological analyses are dependent on two vital pieces of information: the age-at-death and sex of the individual(s) under study. This chapter will outline how age-at-death and sex can be estimated from the skeletal remains and dental development of non-adults, and how these are easier or more difficult to determine than for adults, and will discuss the complexities and controversies surrounding different methods.

Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
John R. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

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