scholarly journals Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDIK PERMANA ◽  
Ruhyat Partasasmita ◽  
JOHAN ISKANDAR ◽  
ENENG NUNUZ ROHMATULLAYALY ◽  
BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Medicinal Use ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Human Primate

Abstract. Permana S, Partasasmita R, Iskandar J, Rohmatullayaly EN, Iskandar BS, Malone N. 2020. Traditional conservation and human-primate conflict in Ujungjaya Village Community, Ujung Kulon, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 521-529. In the past, rural Sundanese people’s interactions with wild animals, including nonhuman primates (hereafter ‘primates’), is influenced by traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) with foundations in various myths and beliefs. Today, because of environmental changes, development of a market economy, cultural change, and the enhancement of agricultural technology, the beliefs and practices associated with TEK have eroded. We aim to describe the present perceptions of primates by the Sundanese people of Ujungjaya Village, Sumur Subdistrict, Ujung Kulon, Banten Province, and demonstrate how these myths and beliefs manifest in behavior towards primates. We use qualitative methods based on an ethnobiological approach to gain insight into people’s perceptions of their natural surroundings. Our results show that the people of Ujungjaya still maintain deep perceptions that are manifested in stories, songs, poems, spells, and invocations that prohibit the killing of primates. However, on their own, these manifestations are insufficient to protect primates from harm as the penetration of market economies and the fragmentation of habitats create the conditions for increased human-primate conflict. Indeed, the people of Ujungjaya sometimes hunt and capture primates for consumption, trading, and medicinal use. As such, laws and regulations designed to promote conservation are insufficient without an understanding of the cultural and socio-economic aspects of people’s lives.

Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics: Lessons from the Past for the Future

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Anderson ◽  
Kirk A. Maasch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Technological Civilization ◽  
Nuclear Warfare

As the twenty-first century winds onward, it is becoming increasingly clear that understanding how climate affects human cultural systems is critically important. Indeed, it has been argued by many researchers that how we respond to changing global climate is one of the greatest scientific and political challenges facing our planetary technological civilization, comparable and closely intertwined with concerns about biological or nuclear warfare, famine, disease, overpopulation, or environmental degradation. By any reasonable evaluation of the evidence, this century, and likely the several centuries that follow it, will be characterized by dramatic climate change, perhaps as significant in terms of its impact on our species as any climatic episodes that have occurred in the past. What we don’t know with much certainty is how these environmental changes will play out across the planet, and how individuals as well as nation states will respond to them. Archaeology has a major role to play in helping us move through this period of crisis, however, by showing us how human cultures in the past responded to dramatic changes in climate. As the work of many archaeological scholars has shown, climate change has not invariably proven to be a bad thing: it is how people respond to it that is critical (e.g. Anderson et al. 2007b; Cooper and Sheets 2012; Crumley 2000, 2006, 2007; Hardesty 2007; McAnany and Yoffee 2010; McIntosh et al. 2000; Redman 2004a; Sandweiss and Quilter 2008; Sassaman and Anderson 1996; Tainter 2000). Archaeology working in tandem with a host of palaeoenvironmental and historical disciplines has lessons for our modern world and, as this volume demonstrates, we as a profession are making great strides in getting our message out. Perhaps the most important lesson from the past is that people, through their actions, are the drivers of cultural change, including response to climate change. Societies are not, however, monolithic entities that ‘chose’ to succeed or fail; people as individuals, groups, or factions through their actions generate outcomes, and often some demonstrate remarkable flexibility and resilience (Cooper and Sheets 2012; Diamond 2005; McAnany and Yoffee 2010).

OBJECT, MEMORY, AND MATERIALITY AT YAXCHILAN: THE RESET LINTELS OF STRUCTURES 12 AND 22

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article focuses on Structures 12 and 22 from Yaxchilan (Chiapas, Mexico), where the ancient Maya reset stone lintels from the sixth centurya.d.in eighth-century buildings. The resetting highlights attention to the preservation of the lintels as relics from the past. Valued for their antiquity and the histories they had accrued, particularly from contact with ancestors, they served as loci for communication with the past, with memory inhering in their materiality. This essay also explores the lintels’ physical contexts and how the Maya may have engaged with them. For example, the arrangement of the Structure 12 lintels would have guided circumambulation. Such movement was associated with sacred processions, and evidence suggests the building was reserved for ancestor veneration. Although only restricted groups could have entered the small structure to perform rites, these may have been integrated into extended ceremonial circuits in public spaces.This article connects with studies of the life histories of things, in which analysis is directed toward objects’ use, reuse, and modification. Examining how people interacted with sculptures over time offers insight into the people and the objects and provides glimpses into Late Classic Maya perception of sculptures and their material qualities.

scholarly journals ASSAY OF ENGLISH CUISINE: ADVENT AND ADVANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.

scholarly journals TEGAS DESA TRADITION: MANIFESTATION OF LOCAL CULTURAL WISDOM OF AGRARIAN COMMUNITY IN NGASEM SRAGEN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Ardian Yuliani Saputri ◽  
Kundharu Saddhono ◽  
Djoko Sulaksono
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose of the study: Tegas Desa tradition has been performed by the people of Ngasem Village for generations and is the heritage of the ancestors whose values ​​are still upheld. This study aims to describe the Tegas Desa tradition of Ngasem village agrarian community, identify Tegas Desa tradition as local cultural wisdom, describe ubarampe or offerings needed in performing the tradition, and explain the procession of the Tegas Desa tradition. Methodology: This study is a qualitative descriptive study with an ethnographic approach. The data were sourced from the informants including the caretaker, village officials, and villagers. The data used were in the form of texts from interviews with informants, videos, photographs, relevant studies, and relevant books. The data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies. Main Findings: The results show that Tegas Desa tradition is a manifestation of gratitude for the rice yields of the agrarian community in Ngasem Village. The Ngasem Village community still believes in Javanese customs and culture whose values ​​are still upheld. Ubarampe or offerings use a lot of different types of foods. There are some differences or reductions in the implementation of the present tradition and the past. Applications of this study: The implications of the study can be social capital in preserving a culture that can be used as a reinforcement of the nation's character through mutual cooperation, unity, and harmony among citizens. Tegas Desa tradition can be used as a local asset to get the support of the local government to preserve cultural heritage as a form of local cultural wisdom of the agrarian community. Novelty/Originality of this study: There is no or has not been any study that discusses Tegas Desa tradition carried out by the agrarian community of Ngasem Village.

Traditional Earth Houses in Vittin, Tamale: Identity and perception of the tradition-modernity conflict.

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-128
Author(s):  
Irene Appeaning Addo
Keyword(s):  
Northern Region ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People

The tension between tradition and modernity extends into African traditional architecture. The desire to become modern is pushing people to change from the climate suitable traditional houses found in the Northern Region of Ghana. The study sought to explore the influence of modernity on traditional buildings in Vittin, a peri-urban community in the Tamale municipality. Using focus group discussions and photography, the study explored some of the tradition-modernity tensions that exist in African traditional architecture. Although respondents associated identity and tradition with the round earth houses built in the past, they explained that in contemporary times urbanisation, status, economic issues, sustainability and the sense of belongingness were push factors for change. The research concludes that conscious effort needs to be made for earth constructed houses to be sustainable otherwise the technology will completely disappear and this may impact the traditional beliefs and practices of the people. It is proposed that there is the need to relook at traditional architecture to make them durable and sustainable and the indigenous knowledge and architecture of the people need to be documented.Keywords: African Architecture, Tradition, Modernity, Identity.

scholarly journals Participation of Children and Parents in the Swiss Child Protection System in the Past and Present: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Aline Schoch ◽  
Gaëlle Aeby ◽  
Brigitte Müller ◽  
Michelle Cottier ◽  
Loretta Seglias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Adult Protection

As in other European countries, the Swiss child protection system has gone through substantial changes in the course of the 20th century up to today. Increasingly, the needs as well as the participation of children and parents affected by child protection interventions have become a central concern. In Switzerland, critical debates around care-related detention of children and adults until 1981 have led to the launch of the National Research Program ‘Welfare and Coercion—Past, Present and Future’ (NRP 76), with the aim of understanding past and current welfare practices. This paper is based on our research project, which is part of this national program. We first discuss three overarching concepts—integrity, autonomy and participation—at the heart of a theoretical framework in order to understand the position of parents and children in child protection proceedings. Secondly, we critically analyze the historical and legal development of the child protection system in Switzerland and its effects on children and parents from 1912 until today. Thirdly, we give an insight into the current Swiss child protection system, with an investigation of hearings of parents and children conducted by the Child and Adult Protection Authorities (CAPA) based on participant observations. In particular, we show the importance of information exchanges and of signs of mutual recognition. Finally, in light of our findings, we discuss the interplay between socio-historical and legal developments in child protection and their consequences for the integrity, autonomy and participation of the people involved.

Conflict Resolution and Patronage in Provincial Towns, 1590–1640

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Civic Leaders ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
The People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Historians of early modern England, just like the people they study, are preoccupied with order and disorder. Particularly for the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, attention has focused on how a government and political nation whose prescriptions demanded unanimity and stability descended into civil war and revolution, the ultimate disorder. The period saw rising populations, social mobility, economic change, and religious division, all of which placed stress on the traditional order. These agents of turmoil deserve close attention. But in focusing so intently on breakdown, we tend to miss seeing how Elizabethan and early Stuart government actually worked. For most of these years, a reasonably stable and increasingly integrated royal government ruled peacefully over the English people. By shifting our attention away from breakdown, we can begin to ask critical new questions. How, precisely, did the leaders of this society work to create order in the face of difference? How did the nature of government affect the ways that people sought stability?Evidence from urban government—provincial borough corporations—provides critical insight into these questions. Civic leaders found that the best way to maintain order and authority in their own communities was by participating in the wider governing structures of the state. London's attempts at the “pursuit of stability” have received serious treatment in recent years. Provincial towns, however, have less often been studied as a means to understand the polity as a whole. They have in the past been characterized as quite insular, either abjectly dependent on a great lord or gentleman or else “independent” and unwilling to brook outside influences; they sought stability and control by looking inward, reinforcing their own authority.

scholarly journals Faunal isotope records reveal trophic and nutrient dynamics in twentieth century Yellowstone grasslands

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kena Fox-Dobbs ◽  
Abigail A. Nelson ◽  
Paul L. Koch ◽  
Jennifer A. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Insight Into

Population sizes and movement patterns of ungulate grazers and their predators have fluctuated dramatically over the past few centuries, largely owing to overharvesting, land-use change and historic management. We used δ 13 C and δ 15 N values measured from bone collagen of historic and recent gray wolves and their potential primary prey from Yellowstone National Park to gain insight into the trophic dynamics and nutrient conditions of historic and modern grasslands. The diet of reintroduced wolves closely parallels that of the historic population. We suggest that a significant shift in faunal δ 15 N values over the past century reflects impacts of anthropogenic environmental changes on grassland ecosystems, including grazer-mediated shifts in grassland nitrogen cycle processes.

scholarly journals WISATA DESA BERBASIS LAHAN RAWA DI DESA HAMBUKU TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Yuzhirna Najmi Hasanah ◽  
Pakhri Anhar
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Village Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
The Village

Swamp Based Village Tourism in Central Hambuku Village is a recreation area that presents attractions in the form of customs and daily life of the people of Central Hambuku Village in the past and is a place of education for swamps as the largest natural potential in the Village of Central Hambuku. This tour aims to become a swampy tourist attraction that can develop the potential of the village to improve the economy of the Central Hambuku Village community. The development of village potential as a tourist attraction requires an analysis of the potential that can be exploited, through analysis-synthesis methods and the concept of memory is expected to explore the potential of existing villages to create a place for recreation and education of swamps as well as to give the impression and experience of life in the village.

scholarly journals Lazarica in Sirinićka župa: Real and action component of the ritual

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Emilija Redžić
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Ritual Practice ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Beliefs And Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is the result of the field research in the area of Sirinićka župa, at the foot of Šara Mountain. The subject of the research is the description of the ritual called Lazarica, which is related to Lazarus Saturday. From the ethno-linguistic aspect, the real and action components of the ritual are analyzed, which provides insight into the ritual procedures and objects. Rituals are presented in the past and present, with all variants of the Lazarica ritual recorded in the field, in order to determine the differences caused by time, as well as folk beliefs and attitudes regarding different segments of the customary-ritual practice, in order to gain a more complete picture of cultural consciousness of the people in this area.

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