scholarly journals Techniques for Identifying the Age and Sex of Children at Death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Buckberry
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Age And Sex

The skeletal remains of infants and children are a poignant reminder of the perilous nature of childhood in the past, yet they offer valuable insight into the life histories of individuals and into the health of populations. Many osteoarchaeological and bioarchaeological analyses are dependent on two vital pieces of information: the age-at-death and sex of the individual(s) under study. This chapter will outline how age-at-death and sex can be estimated from the skeletal remains and dental development of non-adults, and how these are easier or more difficult to determine than for adults, and will discuss the complexities and controversies surrounding different methods.

scholarly journals Meteorological Impacts on Commercial Aviation Delays and Cancellations in the Continental United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Goodman ◽  
Jennifer D. Small Griswold
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
National Airspace System ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Causes Of Delays ◽  
Weather’S Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWeather creates numerous operational and safety hazards within the National Airspace System (NAS). In 2014, extreme weather events attributed 4.3% to the total number of delay minutes recorded by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. When factoring weather’s impact on the NAS delays and aircraft arriving late delays, weather was responsible for 32.6% of the total number of delay minutes recorded. Hourly surface meteorological aviation routine weather reports (METARs) at major airports can be used to provide valuable insight into the likely causes of weather delays at individual airports. When combined with the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Operations Network (OPSNET) delay data, METARs can be used to identify the major causes of delays and to create delay climatologies for a specific airport. Also, patterns for delays and cancellations for the study period of 2003–15 can be identified for the individual airports included in this study. These patterns can be useful for operators and airport planners to optimize performance in the future.

OBJECT, MEMORY, AND MATERIALITY AT YAXCHILAN: THE RESET LINTELS OF STRUCTURES 12 AND 22

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Late Classic ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article focuses on Structures 12 and 22 from Yaxchilan (Chiapas, Mexico), where the ancient Maya reset stone lintels from the sixth centurya.d.in eighth-century buildings. The resetting highlights attention to the preservation of the lintels as relics from the past. Valued for their antiquity and the histories they had accrued, particularly from contact with ancestors, they served as loci for communication with the past, with memory inhering in their materiality. This essay also explores the lintels’ physical contexts and how the Maya may have engaged with them. For example, the arrangement of the Structure 12 lintels would have guided circumambulation. Such movement was associated with sacred processions, and evidence suggests the building was reserved for ancestor veneration. Although only restricted groups could have entered the small structure to perform rites, these may have been integrated into extended ceremonial circuits in public spaces.This article connects with studies of the life histories of things, in which analysis is directed toward objects’ use, reuse, and modification. Examining how people interacted with sculptures over time offers insight into the people and the objects and provides glimpses into Late Classic Maya perception of sculptures and their material qualities.

scholarly journals Experiencing the past? The development of a phenomenological archaeology in British prehistory

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Brück
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Past ◽  
Epistemological Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Embodied Engagement ◽  
Ancient Monument ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Considerable Discussion

In recent years the development of a phenomenological archaeology has provoked considerable discussion within the discipline, particularly within British prehistory. This paper provides a review of this challenging body of research, outlining its problems and potentials and setting it within its broader disciplinary context. Phenomenology has been used to great effect to critique the Cartesian rationalism inherent in traditional archaeological approaches, encouraging imaginative and valuable reinterpretations of the architecture and landscape settings of different monuments. Nonetheless, there are a number of significant problems raised by this work. The suggestion that the archaeologist’s embodied engagement with an ancient monument or landscape can provide an insight into past experiences and interpretations is critically considered. The epistemological status of the knowledge-claims made, including how and whether the patterns identified should be verified, is discussed. The contribution of phenomenology to postprocessual debates surrounding concepts of the self, the individual, embodiment and emotion are also explored. The work of key proponents of phenomenology such as Tilley and Thomas provides a particular focus, although a range of other authors are also considered.

V. The Teacher of Government

1947 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
Ethan P. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Manhattan Project ◽  
Social Transition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Graduate Preparation ◽  
Study And Teaching ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

These are days when the individual who would devote himself to the study and teaching of political science stands upon the threshold of new and exciting adventures and a lot of very hard work. His mind and his enthusiasms must be keyed to the great possibilities for constructive advancement to be found in a period of social transition. There are those among us who insist with great cogency that we should turn back to the achievements of the “wisdom of the ages” and find there the insight and answers to our current perplexities. Incisive as were the achievements of the great minds of the past, as right as were their prescriptions for their own times and difficulties, few among us would defend the proposition that all wisdom and all understanding reside solely with those who have given us our foundations. Much remains to be uncovered amidst the back-wash of a world-wide revolution. The teacher of political science must balance the wisdom of the past against present possibilities for the greater understanding and clearer insight into political institutions to be found in the quickening imagination of the contemporary scene. We must cut new paths. We must produce our Einstein. Perhaps we have, and are now ready for our own Manhattan Project. But to do this we must face squarely and honestly at least six major problems in this postwar period: (1) graduate preparation; (2) community leadership; (3) teaching load; (4) research; (5) salaries; and (6) academic freedom.Diverse are the interests of those who are now preparing to enter the profession at the college or university level.

scholarly journals Tools of the Trade: How Do You Perform and Interpret an Exercise Test?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Franz P. Rischard ◽  
Barry A. Borlaug
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Disease ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cardiopulmonary System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Minute Walk

Background: Most pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) is poorly modifiable and incurable even with effective therapy. Therefore, adaptation to stress, the reserve of the cardiopulmonary system, is important for assessment of patient function and prognosis. Methods that assess the adaptation to stress, especially exercise, provide valuable insight into diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Implications for Clinicians: We provide a comprehensive review of the indications, methodology, and interpretation, as well as practical information of the forms of provocative testing in PVD. We include 6-minute walk testing, noninvasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), invasive CPET, and additional forms, including volume loading. Conclusions: Through a clear understanding of the methodology in the assessment of PVD, the clinician can determine which of these “tools of the trade” are best suited to the individual patient and situation.

Psychoanalysis Twenty-Five Years after the Death of Sigmund Freud

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-968
Author(s):  
Martin Grotjahn
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Psychoanalytic Training ◽  
The Past ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Insight Into

Twenty-five years after the death of Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis has proven its value as a method of investigating the unconscious. The body of knowledge as represented by psychoanalysis has grown mostly with the application of psychoanalysis to neighboring fields. Psychoanalysis as a tool of medical treatment has not lived up to the expectations, while psychoanalysis as a technique of training therapists is considered of greatest practical importance. The American societies and institutes have become the centers of international psychoanalytic training. The past twenty-five years have given much valuable insight into the life and work, the genius and creativity of Sigmund Freud and the pioneers of psychoanalysis.

scholarly journals 'Stolen from Its People and Wrenched from Its Roots'? A Study of the Crown's 1867 Acquisition of the Rongowhakaata Meeting House Te Hau ki Turanga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kesaia L Waigth
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Control Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Waitangi Tribunal ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Te Hau ki Tūranga is the oldest meeting house in existence. It was built in the early 1840s at Orakaiapu Pā, just south of Gisborne, by Ngāti Kaipoho (a hapū/subtribe of Rongowhakaata) chief Raharuhi Rukupō. In the nineteenth century whare whakairo (carved houses) were significant symbols of chiefly and tribal mana (prestige, control, power). They were ‗carved histories‘, physical embodiments of tribal history and whakapapa (genealogy) representing a link between the living and the dead. In 1867 Native Minister J C Richmond acquired the whare on behalf of the government to augment the collections of the Colonial Museum in Wellington. Over the almost 150 years since the whare arrived in Wellington, the acquisition of Te Hau ki Tūranga has been the subject of three government inquiries and numerous Rongowhakaata requests for its return. It has also been dismantled and re–erected three times and housed in three different museum buildings. At the close of the twentieth century Rongowhakaata submitted a claim to the Waitangi Tribunal for the ‗theft‘ of Te Hau ki Tūranga. Their claim also expressed concerns about the care and management of the whare in the hands of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and its predecessors. This thesis tells the story of Te Hau ki Tūranga from 1867 until the present. It asks: was the whare ‗stolen from its people and wrenched from its roots‘? as Rongowhakaata claim and places the story of Te Hau ki Tūranga in its historical context. It aims to understand the motives and agendas of the characters involved and reach a conclusion as to what most likely happened in 1867. This thesis also breaks new ground by examining the politics surrounding the whare as a museum exhibit and a Treaty of Waitangi claim. Overall this study provides a valuable insight into the history of Crown–Māori relations. It reveals why deep–seated grievances still exist among Māori today and demonstrates the value of the Treaty settlement process as an opportunity for Māori to tell their stories and gain redress for injustices that occurred in the past, but are still being felt in the present.</p>

scholarly journals Overcoming methodological issues in measuring financial literacy of companies, a proposed measurement model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kuruczleki
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

In the past decade, individual and company financial literacy measurement methods went through substantial changes. To investigate factors contributing to financial literacy of both individuals and firms, scholars needed to reach out for new measurement methods other than the traditional knowledge tests widely used previously. This paper provides a synthesis of the most recent studies concerning both individual and company financial literacy regarding the dimensions of financial literacy and methods available for measuring and modelling financial literacy. The results highlight new emerging trends in the assessment: qualitative methods (e. g. interviews and case studies), for getting insight into very special segments of financial literacy, and more elaborate and complex models, such as OLS regression, bivariate and multivariate logit and probit models, which provide effective ways to get a deeper understanding of the interaction of factors forming and determining financial literacy both at the individual at company level. However, even though the toolkit of measuring financial literacy is getting richer and richer, the connection between the individual and firm-level models seem to be nonexistent. This paper proposes a measurement model with the help of which company financial literacy can be measured through the assessment of individuals and their relationship contributing to firm-level financial decisions.

scholarly journals Estimating age at death from an archaeological bone sample – a preliminary study based on comparison of histomorphometric methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mnich ◽  
Janusz Skrzat ◽  
Krzysztof Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The estimation of age at death is one of the most fundamental biological parameters, determined on skeletal remains in anthropological context. That is why, there is a constant need to improve applied methods. Histomorphometry, which uses microscopic analysis of bone tissue is suggested to be one alternative method. In general, this technique is based on measurements and the determination of the number and density of basic bone structural units, osteons. Osteon density is found to be related with age of the individual. The main goal of this research was to compare results of determined age at death, on the basis of ribs histology, comes from methods proposed by different authors. We analyzed ground cross sections of ribs from archeological origin. The presented methodology is simple in use and effective. Four different methods were tested (Stout and Paine 1992; Cho et al. 2002; Kim et al. 2007; Bednarek et al. 2009). The obtained age results were compared with each other as well as related to the age estimated by standard macroscopic method used in anthropology. Bednarek’s method is recognized to be the most supportive for anthropological analyzes. Methodological issues connected with grinding methodology and results interpretation are also presented. Hypothesis about interpopulation as well as histological and dimorphic differences were confirmed.

Health and Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Armelagos ◽  
Dennis P. Van Gerven
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

In this chapter, we will present our research on the patterns of physiological stress and disease among the infants and children in our three Nubian communities. The discussion will begin with the methods employed in the estimation of demographic variables, such as sex, age at death, and life expectancy. These variables will provide the context for our subsequent investigations of stress and mortality as a result of the nutritional and infectious disease challenges faced by infants and children at both Wadi Halfa and Kulubnarti. Conditions such as cribra orbitalia, enamel hypoplasia, and enamel microdefects will be the focus of the analyses. Comparisons of the conditions within and between these populations has provided us with important insight into the impact of gender, social status, and economic opportunity on the health and wellbeing of communities at large.

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