scholarly journals Cooperation, technical education and politics in early agricultural policy in Catalonia (1914–24)

Rural History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Jordi Planas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Building Project ◽  
Intermediary Organisations

Abstract After the crisis of the late nineteenth century, the role of the state in European agriculture expanded to many new areas: education and technical innovation; commercial policies and market regulations; farm support policies, and sometimes interventions in property rights. The development of these policies was a difficult and costly process, without the intervention of intermediary organisations like agricultural cooperatives and farmers’ associations. This article analyses the early agricultural policy in Catalonia (Spain) and the role of cooperatives in its implementation. It argues that this regional case was quite exceptional in the early twentieth-century Spanish context, where state intervention in agriculture was extremely limited. In 1914, an autonomous government was set up in Catalonia, and a modern agricultural policy was introduced in which technical education and cooperatives played a crucial role, as well as politics. The agricultural policy promoted and developed by the Catalan government was part of a state-building project based on a regionalist ideology.

scholarly journals Specialists for Modernisation. Discussion about Training of Specialists for the Electro-Technical Industry in Russia on the Cusp of 19th-20th Centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-395
Author(s):  
Alexander Bessolitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Technical Department ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Technical Industry ◽  
Economic Modernization

The article is dedicated to the topic, which is important at present time: formation of human capital as an important factor of the social and economic development of society. Modernization of education plays an essential part in terms of the development of human capital during all historical stages and its importance grows significantly alongside with the economic growth of the country. The role of education and necessity to improve its quality became of significant value for Russia during the economic modernization on the cusp of the 19th–20th centuries. In this article, the author makes an attempt to analyze the experience of formation of different levels of electro-technical education during the economic modernization, as well as to reveal the role of civil society in this process. The Russian economic modernization implied the formation of a competitive industrial complex, which included mining, manufacturing industries and transport. The electro-technical industry, which was lacking trained personnel, was the most quickly developing one. The discussion in the relevant journals as well as during the work of All-Russia electro-technical congresses set up, to the most extent, the main ways to form all the levels of electro-technical education, which helped to train personnel for the respective industry. The author analyzed both the available experience in realization of lower and secondary specialized electro-technical education and the new approaches to its organization, developed mostly in the Electro-technical department of the Emperor’s Russian Technical Society (ERTS). Apart from that, there was a curious attempt to open a higher electro-technical school in Moscow based on the European (mostly French) experience, which was oriented mostly towards additional training of the already working engineering and technical specialists.

The Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Economy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter falls into two unequal parts. The first charts, broadly chronologically, the shifting understandings, historical and historiographical, of the role of the state in economic life. The second focuses on debates about the performance of the economy, especially notions of ‘decline’ which have been central to those debates since the late nineteenth century. Variegated but overlapping senses of ‘decline’, originating in very specific historical circumstances, have overshadowed much writing on the modern British economy, with, it will be argued, often detrimental effects on our understanding. Such notions need to be historicized—placed firmly in the intellectual, ideological, and above all political contexts within which they arose.

The promotional state and Canada's Juno Awards

Popular Music ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Public Broadcasting ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Political Economic

The scholarly literature on popular music has rarely addressed music awards shows and the role of the state with regard to popular music. In an effort to deepen what is known about both sets of issues, this article utilises the concept of a promotional state to examine Canada's Juno Awards. A promotional state employs state intervention to support domestic popular music, and the promotional state in Canada has been connected to the Junos in three ways (through Canadian content regulations, public broadcasting and government funding). The historical, political economic analysis in the article considers how the role of the promotional state has undergone changes with regard to the Juno Awards. There has been some ‘hollowing out’ of the promotional state's role since the Junos began in 1971, but the article contends that (in the interests of private capital) the role of this state has continued and even increased in some respects.

The Growing Role of the State in the Family

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Stephen Baskerville
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Parental Rights ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Government Bureaucracy

The role of the state in the family has been increasing, arguably,since the beginning of modern history. Historical sociologists like CarleZimmerman suggested that modern history has been characterizedby a gradual increase in the power of the state and that this growthis inversely proportionate to the declining importance of the family.The very field and concept of “family policy” presupposes that the fa-mily is a legitimate sphere of life for state intervention and activity. Yetthe intervention of the state may be like the touch of Midas: that whichit touches it destroys. If scholars like Zimmerman are correct, then themore the state intervenes in the family, the more we can expect the fa-mily to decline. This is borne out by recent experience, and very logicalreasons may be adduced for this and very clear manifestations in are-as like family integrity, parental rights, child welfare, and the increasein family-connected bureaucracies associated with the welfare state.Often our only acceptable response to the problems created by govern-ment intervention is more government intervention. Not only can thecure be worse than the disease; the cure canbe the disease. The resultis ever-more-powerful and ever-more-intrusive government bureaucracy– all purporting to solve the problems created by the previously policiesand the previous bureaucracy. The only way to break this vicious cycle isto discard some of our sacred assumptions about what constitutes familyhealth and to accept a new understanding of the relations between thefamily and the state.

Introduction: From Last Empress to First Minister

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Parliamentary Procedure ◽  
Changing Role

This book outlines the association between Scotland and England since the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Individual chapters range in focus from the late nineteenth century to the foreseeable future. They cover topics from the monarchy, constitution, parliamentary procedure, public policy and finance to the attitudes, experiences and identities of the ordinary Scots and English — both as majorities and as minorities in each other's country. They also include the natural inequality of the union in consequence of population sizes; trends in culture and identity; the changing role of the state; cross-border sympathy; and the pressure of adversarial politics. Gini's ‘Coefficient of Inequality’ is used to calculate the concentration of income or wealth within countries. Culture and identity are not merely conceptually and empirically distinct, they seem to be trending in opposite directions: cultures are merging, identities diverging. An overview of the chapters included in this book is shown.

scholarly journals Hospitals

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Godden
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Care ◽  
Striking Feature ◽  
Level Of Care ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Hospital Governance ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

A hospital was one of the first European institutions set up in Australia in 1788. The aim in this article is to summarise the ensuring events, and particularly to demonstrate how hospitals have dramatically changed. One theme is to clarify the nature of convict hospitals and the low level of care expected in charity hospitals during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Other themes are the impact of medical innovations, and the strong and increasingly interventionist role of the state in hospital governance. More recently, a theme has been the closure of small hospitals and the development of large hospital complexes. Throughout, the role of nurses has been crucial as they have provided the bulk of hospital care. Hospitals have always been plagued by scandals but the striking feature throughout their history in Sydney is the strength of the demand for hospital care.

Market Failure and Government Failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Free Market ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Threat Of Entry

For several decades a debate has been raging in development economics on the relative virtues of the free market as opposed to state intervention, with neither side convincing the other. While this sterile debate continues, experiences accumulated from research and action in the real world during the last 40 years have led to important new thinking on the roles of market and nonmarket institutions in the process of economic growth. The planned economies of the socialist world have learned that market institutions are not exclusive to the capitalist mode of production, and that the threat of entry and the fear of exit remain irreplaceable stimuli for cost and quality consciousness in production. Researchers in market economies have learned that price quotations on marketed commodities do not always carry sufficient information for economic decisions, and that institutions matter. This paper pieces together some lessons from the development experiences of the last four decades to enrich our understanding of the role of the state in the process of economic development.

Family Matters

Philosophy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-594
Author(s):  
John Haldane
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Natural Operation ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common

Governments and international bodies continue to praise the family for its service to the good of individuals and of society. Among its important contributions are the rearing of children and the care of the elderly. So far as the former is concerned, however, the family is subject to increasing criticism and suggestions are made for further state intervention, particularly in the area of education. In response to this challenge I consider the natural operation of the family in relation to the development of children, and examine the implications of this for the role of the state in promoting, protecting or interfering with family life. Relating this to the issue of autonomy I argue that the sort of liberalism that lies behind the increasing criticism of parental authority is unable to find a place for the common good of family because of its commitment to neutrality between life-shaping values. I conclude that the best advice that philosophers might offer to policy makers is to make it possible for families to flourish in the ways they themselves recognise to be best.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISMS IN NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Anthony Ideh DUMEBI ◽  
Adedoyinsola Olajumoke SHONUGA,
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Industrial Dispute ◽  
Industrial Disputes

Disputes and dispute resolutions are part and parcel of any functional industrial relations system. Therefore, the need to resolve them equitably, efficiently and effectively for the benefit of the actors is of paramount importance. The objective of this study is to examine the State intervention in dispute settlement and its contributions in peaceful resolution of disputes in Nigeria. The paper adopted the qualitative research approach. Relevant data were collected from the Lagos offices of the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment, the Industrial Arbitration Panel and the National Industrial Court. The study found that the various pieces of legislation enacted by the State have positively impacted on the settlement of Industrial Disputes in Nigeria. However, it was observed that despite the positive contributions, there are still some areas for improvement. The study therefore made the following recommendations; that the powers of the Minister of Labour and Employment should be restricted to create an enabling industrial relations environment for the actors and that the parties to disputes should be allowed the choice of which method of disputes settlement to use among other recommendations.

scholarly journals Discontinuous continuity: Structural change and its (divergent) meanings in Latin American structuralism and neo-structuralism

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (80) ◽  
pp. 445-469
Author(s):  
Emilia Ormaechea ◽  
Víctor Ramiro Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Role Of The State

This paper analyses the continuities and discontinuities regarding the concept of structural change in Latin American structuralism and neo-structuralism and considers the global context in which these ideas and their variations are produced. In this sense, the transformations of capitalism from 1950 onwards are taken into account as are the diagnoses and strategies promoted by the ECLAC to ultimately achieve structural change through structuralism and neo-structuralism. How the role of the state is conceived in each of these contexts and the consequences derived from state intervention to promote the structural change are also analysed.

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