Poaching and its representation in Edwardian England, c. 1901–14

Rural History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Stephen Ridgwell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Cultural Usability

AbstractThe poacher has been closely studied by historians of crime and protest in England. While much has been done to reveal the complex nature of poaching, this work has tended to concentrate on the nineteenth century and been largely concerned with practice. By shifting attention to the opening decades of the twentieth century, and by focusing instead on representation, this article explores the place of the Edwardian poacher in a rapidly expanding cultural landscape. Pointing to an inverse relationship between physical presence and representational weight and throw, the article shows how the idea of the poacher was not just a by-product of Edwardian ruralism, but was integral to a deeply felt ruralist sensibility that strongly informed contemporary debates on the control and use of land and related matters of national identity and wellbeing. In considering how this ostensibly marginal figure became so embedded in the popular imagination, the full extent of the poacher’s cultural usability is revealed. Like ruralism itself, the representational poacher had many facets and served many needs.

Teaching National Identity and Alterity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-126
Author(s):  
Bahar Gürsel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Race Ethnicity

The swift and profound transformations in technology and industry that the United States began to experience in the late 1800s manifested themselves in school textbooks, which presented different patterns of race, ethnicity, and otherness. They also displayed concepts like national identity, exceptionalism, and the superiority of Euro-American civilization. This article aims to demonstrate, via an analysis of two textbooks, how world geography was taught to children in primary schools in nineteenth century America. It shows that the development of American identity coincided with the emergence of the realm of the “other,” that is, with the intensification of racial attitudes and prejudices, some of which were to persist well into the twentieth century.

The Ideal Christmas Dinner

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
cathy kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
The Ideal

Christmas dinner emerged for the first time as an important and distinctive meal in mid-nineteenth century America, fueled by changing attitudes towards the Christmas holiday, changing meal patterns, and the need to unify Americans after the Civil War and to assimilate waves of immigrants. Charles Dickens’ Christmas Carol provided an ideal template for meals centering on turkey and plum pudding, and that model has continued to inform many middle and working class tables. But by the end of the nineteenth century, cookery writers for the more affluent market began to disdain turkey at Christmas, and the uniform tapestry of Christmas foods began to unravel. Christmas dinner in twentieth-century America became more a statement of class than of national identity.

Danilevskii Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 199-222
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Woodburn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
The Times

In the last half century, Nikolai Danilevskii’s Rossiia i Evropa has been interpreted variously according to the contexts in which he is read. MacMaster’s well-known biography reflects mid-twentieth century preoccupations with totalitarianism and the Eastern Bloc, while post-Soviet interpreters have sought source material for reconstructing Russian national identity without Soviet ideology. New editions of the book also reflect changing desires of the times. But the context of Danilevskii’s other works reveal his involvement with intellectual and political cross-currents of nineteenth-century Europe, and the limits of his applicability to other times.

“Culture [Wars]” and the African Diaspora: Challenge and Opportunity for U.S. Museums

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
James Counts Early
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Wide Context

At the close of the twentieth century, we are witnessing across the globe competing, frequently cataclysmic discourses about identity. These discourses are literally erupting into activities that reshape the meaning of “national culture.” Simultaneously, many of these cultural confrontations are giving visibility and voice to transnational cultural communities. Within this world-wide context, U.S. cultural and educational institutions are at the national frontline of a related volatile, but potentially promising, debate frequently referred to as “cultural wars.” Museums in particular have become a flash point on the cultural landscape of what cultural conservatives Arthur A. Schlesinger and Patrick J. Buchanan accurately, although shrilly, formulate as “a struggle to redefine the national identity.”

scholarly journals Capri’s Touristification. A Millennial Cultural Landscape Reinvented by Luxury Tourism

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1509-1529
Author(s):  
Giovanna Russo Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Slow Pace ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

In recent years the issue of touristification has been progressively discussed in relation to its impact on historic towns. In this regard, physical transformations and gentrification consequences are both issues often addressed. In Italy, consciousness on the subject primarily grew in relation to Florence and Venice, both national cases widely discussed also on newspapers. The awareness of a wider range of cases affected by this problem, from big cities to small holiday destinations, is even more recent. The aim of the present paper is to address Capri’s touristification process, which started in the last decades of the nineteenth century and exploded in the second half of the twentieth century, from the point of view of the field of study of history and conservation of cultural heritage and landscape. Therefore, this process and some of its consequences on the island’s cultural landscape and identity are thoroughly analyzed. The paper starts with a brief introduction to the island and its history, which is necessary in order to highlight its rich cultural heritage and the slow pace at which Capri has grown over time as a fishermen island to suddenly transforming into a touristic destination during the last century. Finally, the current touristic vocation and the consequences on Capri’s natural and built environment are discussed, with the aim of individuating if and why there have already been losses and what should be done to prevent this negative process from going on.

The Italian Role in the Construction of the Concept “Pole-Catholic”

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-268
Author(s):  
Lidia Jurek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
National Movement ◽  
National Imagination ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Way

In considering the concept of “Pole-Catholic,” it might well be asked not if it had real grounds but in what circumstances it was constructed. Although the Polish national identity in its current shape was “Catholicized” mostly in the twentieth century, the previous age—the nineteenth century—as a time of constant struggle for political independence has been regarded as having the most formative effect on Polish national imagination. This article discusses an important moment in the construction of the concept “Pole-Catholic.” It shows that far before the idea of Roman Dmowski (from the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries), who claimed that only a Catholic was a good Pole, the strong identification of Polish nationalism with Catholicism had been insistently articulated by Polish conservative groups. The discourse of the Catholic Polish nation appeared in (and even dominated) the debate on the Italian Risorgimento. Between 1848 and 1871, discussing the Italian—papal conflict, the conservatives created their religious programme for Poland and took advantage of the popularity of the Italian national movement among Poles to promote it in their writings. Their equation of Polishness with Catholicism appeared to leave a strong trace in the formation of the Polish identity and continues to inform the way in which Poles are perceived nowadays.

Celebrating the Nation: 12 October, from ‘Day of the Race’ to Spanish National Day

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela García Sebastiani ◽  
David Marcilhacy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Political History ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
National State ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Catholic Tradition

This article is a study of the national holiday of 12 October, one of the most long-lasting and least transitory of the symbolic components of Spanish nationalism. Transnational in nature, this celebration of Spain’s existence constitutes an exception among similar national holidays, in that it is based upon the country’s role in the Americas and nostalgia for empire as founding elements of national identity. By analysing the changing ways in which this anniversary was celebrated in the course of the twentieth century, in rituals and language, the article highlights both the different imaginaries that were evoked and the roles played by particular actors and institutions in different stages of the construction of the national state and the definition of the regional and local identities of which it is composed. Our analysis of the progress of this celebration, from its inception in the late nineteenth century to the present day, as first Fiesta de la Raza, then Día de la Hispanidad and now just ‘National Day’, suggests that its durability, which has been maintained for nearly a century, stems from the notably ductile nature of the myths associated with it. Adaptable to regimes and political challenges of varied kinds, this commemoration melds together the inheritance of liberalism, the national-Catholic tradition and ‘regionalized nationalism’, all of which have been key elements in Spanish political history in the twentieth century.

Festivals of science and the two cultures: science, design and display in the Festival of Britain, 1951

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOPHIE FORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Festival Of Britain ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Technical Achievement

National exhibitions and festivals perform a number of roles at the same time. In the first half of the twentieth century exhibitions were first and foremost trade fairs, occasions on which to promote British goods but at the same time provide an opportunity for cementing imperial relations. Exhibitions are also sites of aesthetic discourse where, for example, particular architectural or design ideologies may be promoted; in addition, they provide platforms for the conspicuous display of scientific and technical achievement; and finally, they provide opportunities for creating and projecting ideas of national identity, however multi-faceted those might be. Furthermore, in order to encourage the widest possible attendance and popularity, most exhibitions from the late nineteenth century onwards included a large number of purely entertaining attractions, which of course provided places for the mingling of social classes, something that appealed to post-1945 notions of a properly democratic society. Exhibitions therefore always perform a number of functions, some of which may indeed conflict with each other, and need to be analysed on a number of levels.

scholarly journals Ottoman legacy and Oriental Self in Serbian opera

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Tatjana Marković
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
National Opera ◽  
The Status

Serbia was an Ottoman province for almost four centuries; after some rebellions, the First and Second Uprising, she received the status of autonomous principality in 1830, and became independent in 1878. Due to the historical and cultural circumstances, the first stage music form was komad s pevanjem (theater play with music numbers), following with the first operas only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Contrary to the usual practice to depict “golden age” of medieval national past, like in many other traditions of national opera, the earliest Serbian operas were dedicated to the recent past and coexistence with Ottomans. Thus the operas Na uranku (At dawn, 1904) by Stanislav Binički (1872–1942), Knez Ivo od Semberije (Prince Ivo of Semberia, 1911) by Isidor Bajić (1878–1915), both based on the libretti by the leading Serbian playwright Branislav Nušić, and also Zulumćar (The Hooligan, librettists: Svetozar Ćorović and Aleksa Šantić, 1927) by Petar Krstić (1877–1957), presented Serbia from the first decades of the nineteenth century. Later Serbian operas, among which is the most significant Koštana (1931, revised in 1940 and 1948) by Petar Konjović (1883–1970), composed after the theatre play under the same name by the author Borisav Stanković, shifts the focus of exoticism, presenting a life of a south-Serbian town in 1880. Local milieu of Vranje is depicted through tragic destiny of an enchanting beauty, a Roma singer Koštana, whose exoticism is coming from her belonging to the undesirable minority. These operas show how the national identity was constructed – by libretto, music and iconography – through Oriental Self. The language (marked by numerous Turkish loan words), musical (self)presentation and visual image of the main characters of the operas are identity signifiers, which show continuity as well as perception of the Ottoman cultural imperial legacy.

scholarly journals “I Have Often Walked Down This Street Before…But What Was it Called?”: Changes to Street Names in Budapest from the End of Turkish Rule to the Present

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Capital City ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
Street Naming ◽  
Over Time

My essay examines patterns of meaning in the nomenclature chosen to designate street names of Budapest, Hungary’s present-day capital city, over a period of about three hundred years. I attend to the magyarization of Budapest and how street signage reflected the change of Budapest from a German to a Hungarian city. After the changeover to Magyar I continue to address how Budapest street toponymy was consistently utilized to express national identity. As consensus over national identity changed over time, so did its metaphorical expression in Budapest street nomenclature. Examples of these changes include the creation of cults of collective remembrance and personality in the nineteenth century and irredentism in the twentieth century. I also argue that Budapest street naming during the socialist period served the purpose of legitimizing the purported domestic origin of the ruling political philosophy. Currently, the erasure and retention of street names from previous regimes is a deliberate policy of symbolic reconciliation of Hungary’s past with its present.

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