scholarly journals The effects of forest fragmentation on the population density and distribution of the globally Endangered Ibadan Malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis and other malimbe species

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIIWUA MANU ◽  
WILL PEACH ◽  
CHRIS BOWDEN ◽  
WILL CRESSWELL
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
World Population ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Vegetation Characteristic ◽  
Almost All

The Ibadan Malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis is a globally Endangered but poorly known forest species endemic to a small region of south-western Nigeria, where almost all forest has been severely fragmented. We carried out the first comprehensive survey of Ibadan Malimbe, and tested whether forest fragmentation is important in determining the distribution of this and related species in south-west Nigerian forest patches. Ibadan Malimbes were found at 19 of 52 sites surveyed but these were all clustered in a relatively small part of what appears to have been the former range. Unlike other malimbes, Ibadan Malimbes were less abundant in, or absent from, relatively isolated forest patches. Red-headed Malimbe M. rubricollis, Red-vented Malimbe M. scutatus and Crested Malimbe M. malimbicus were significantly more abundant in forest patches that retained vegetation characteristic of primary forest (i.e. tall trees and high tree densities). The average density of Ibadan Malimbes was 0.22 birds/ha (95% confidence limits (CL): 0.14–0.34) across all sites, but varied with degree of isolation, with densities of 0.06 birds/ha (0.03–0.14) in the 50% of fragments that were most isolated, compared with 0.33 (0.19–0.56) in the 50% of fragments that were least isolated. This gives a population estimate of 2,469 individuals (1,401–4,365) for the remaining potentially occupied forest area of 112 km2. Given that our survey covered most forest patches within the majority of the historical range of Ibadan Malimbe this can probably be considered a reasonable maximum world population estimate. Ibadan Malimbes appear to be restricted to a small number of relatively small forest patches most of which are highly vulnerable to further destruction, degradation and fragmentation. Conservation effort should urgently focus on the protection of currently occupied sites and increasing the number and extent of forest patches within and around the existing range.

Spider diversity in the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ((suppl.1)) ◽  
pp. 209-243
Author(s):  
J.K.H. Koh ◽  
D.J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New Records ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

This paper discusses the preliminary results of the first comprehensive survey of the spiders of the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (BTNR) in Singapore. Two plots were established in each of the three zones of vegetation, viz., primary forest, old secondary forest, and maturing secondary forest. They were repeatedly sampled over an 18-month period. Sorting of the collection so far suggests that the three vegetation zones harbour rather different spider assemblages. Only ~9% of the total spider fauna recovered was shared by all three zones. The results have also yielded a preliminary picture of dominance, abundance and rarity. Although first intended to obtain a baseline for future quantitative analyses, the survey became a testing ground to modify and refine methodology so as to conduct future quantitative surveys with greater scientific rigour. Taxonomic work on the samples so far shows that the spiders in the BTNR span over 43 families, of which six families are listed for the first time in Singapore. The tally is summarised in an interim checklist of BTNR spiders. The checklist, with a total of 317 entries, shows that there are 158 described species of spiders in BTNR, of which 25 species are new records for Singapore. Another 159 morphospecies are provisionally recognised as distinct species, some of which may be new to science. Our observations during the survey have allowed us to provide a narrative of BTNR spider diversity against a backdrop of their microhabitat specialisation.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of the Drivers, Characteristics, and Effects of Forest Fragmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3246
Author(s):  
Zoe Slattery ◽  
Richard Fenner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Remote Imaging ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
High Level

Building on the existing literature, this study examines whether specific drivers of forest fragmentation cause particular fragmentation characteristics, and how these characteristics can be linked to their effects on forest-dwelling species. This research uses Landsat remote imaging to examine the changing patterns of forests. It focuses on areas which have undergone a high level of a specific fragmentation driver, in particular either agricultural expansion or commodity-driven deforestation. Seven municipalities in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso in Brazil are selected as case study areas, as these states experienced a high level of commodity-driven deforestation and agricultural expansion respectively. Land cover maps of each municipality are created using the Geographical Information System software ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension. The resulting categorical maps are input into Fragstats fragmentation software to calculate quantifiable fragmentation metrics for each municipality. To determine the effects that these characteristics are likely to cause, this study uses a literature review to determine how species traits affect their responses to forest fragmentation. Results indicate that, in areas that underwent agricultural expansion, the remaining forest patches became more complex in shape with longer edges and lost a large amount of core area. This negatively affects species which are either highly dispersive or specialist to core forest habitat. In areas that underwent commodity-driven deforestation, it was more likely that forest patches would become less aggregated and create disjunct core areas. This negatively affects smaller, sedentary animals which do not naturally travel long distances. This study is significant in that it links individual fragmentation drivers to their landscape characteristics, and in turn uses these to predict effects on species with particular traits. This information will prove useful for forest managers, particularly in the case study municipalities examined in this study, in deciding which species require further protection measures. The methodology could be applied to other drivers of forest fragmentation such as forest fires.

scholarly journals Análise comparativa da fragilidade ambiental da bacia do rio Piracicaba a partir da aplicação de dois modelos metodológicos: suporte para o estabelecimento e proposição de Corredores Ecológicos.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3060
Author(s):  
Suelen Crispim Sutil ◽  
José Augusto Costa Gonçalves ◽  
Eliane Maria Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Biological Corridors ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Piracicaba River

A avaliação da fragilidade ambiental das bacias hidrográficas vem se tornando cada vez mais importante no cenário ambiental, devido ao desenvolvimento gradativo da sociedade e a expansão tecnológica e econômica ao longo dos anos. Uma estratégia adotada para amenizar a degradação e restabelecer o equilíbrio, é a formação de corredores ecológicos (CEs), que auxilia na ligação entre remanescentes naturais. A bacia do rio Piracicaba passa por um longo histórico de degradação e de fragmentação florestal, principalmente próximo às cidades devido ao desmatamento de matas ciliares. Em vista disso, este trabalho analisou e comparou a aplicação de dois diferentes modelos de fragilidade ambiental, aplicada a esta bacia e, a partir de seus produtos identificou a melhor metodologia base para a proposição de corredores ecológicos na região. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível inferir que, além de grande parte da bacia apresentar grau de fragilidade entre fraco e médio, as áreas mais vulneráveis são aquelas mais próximas à cabeceira da bacia. O estabelecimento dos corredores ecológicos abrangeu, prioritariamente, as áreas de maior fragilidade entre a conexão dos fragmentos de vegetação e as Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APPs), assim, verificou-se que é necessário o reflorestamento de cerca de 342,24 km² das APPs da bacia para que seja possível a conexão entre as remanescentes e 2,0 km²  de áreas de ligação. Comparative analysis of the environmental fragility of the Piracicaba river basin using two methodological models: support for the application and proposition of Biological Corridors A B S T R A C TThe assessment of a river basin’s environmental fragility has become even more important on the environmental scenery due to society’s gradual development and technological and economic expansion over the years. An adopted strategy to ease the degradation and restore the ecological balance is the establishment of biological corridors that can assist the connection between natural forest patches. The Piracicaba river basin has been going through a long history of degradation and forest fragmentation, especially near the cities because of the deforestation of riparian forests. Therefore, this paper analyzed and compared the application of two adapted environmental fragility models in this river basin and identified from their products the best base methodology for the proposition of ecological corridors. From the results, it was possible to infer that, in addition to a big part of the basin present poor and average fragility level, the most vulnerable areas are the ones close to the source of the main rivers. The biological corridors establishment covered, primarily, the most vulnerable areas between the fragments of remaining forests and the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and, from this, it was possible to verify that the reforestation of around 132,14 mi² of PPAs is necessary for the connection of patches of remaining forests and 0,77 mi² of connections areas.Keywords: environmental vulnerability, geoprocessing, environmental management.

Effects of forest fragmentation on neotropical fauna: current research and data availability

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Offerman ◽  
Virginia H. Dale ◽  
Scott M. Pearson ◽  
Robert V. O'Neill ◽  
Richard O. Bierregaard Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data ◽  
Biological Dynamics

Tropical deforestation often produces landscapes characterized by isolated patches of forest habitat surrounded by pasture, agriculture, or regrowth vegetation. Both the size and the distribution of these forest patches may influence the long-term persistence of faunal species. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand faunal responses to patterns of forest fragmentation in tropical systems. The Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) provides a wealth of autecological information and spatially explicit data describing habitat use and movement of fauna between Amazonian forest fragments. Using data from the BDFFP and other studies in the Amazon Basin, this paper reviews the information available on tropical insects, frogs, birds, primates, and other mammals that can be used to identify and classify species most at risk for extirpation in fragmented forests.Key words: Amazonia, habitat fragmentation, rainforest, fauna, Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project.

Rapid collapse of a population of Dieffenbachia spp., plants used for tadpole-rearing by a poison-dart frog (Oophaga pumilio) in a Costa Rican rain forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. McKone ◽  
Jonathan W. Moore ◽  
Christopher W. Harbison ◽  
Ian C. Holmen ◽  
Hillary C. Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Field Station ◽  
La Selva ◽  
Oophaga Pumilio ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pecari Tajacu ◽  
Almost All

Abstract:Amphibian populations have been declining worldwide, with multiple potential causes. At La Selva field station in north-eastern Costa Rica, previous work has shown that populations of many amphibians have decreased significantly since the 1970s, especially in primary forest. Starting in 1998, we investigated one of the most common frog species at La Selva, the poison-dart frog Oophaga pumilio (= Dendrobates pumilio). In a survey of 50 plots of 100 m2 in 1998, adult frogs were 4.6 times more abundant in secondary forest than in primary forest. Tadpoles were found only in secondary-forest plots. Almost all (89%) of the tadpoles were found in leaf axils of Dieffenbachia spp., which were much more abundant in secondary-forest than in primary-forest plots. The greater abundance of Dieffenbachia spp. in secondary forest was confirmed in a broad survey of ~11 km of trails within La Selva in 2002. When the same trails were resampled in 2012, Dieffenbachia spp. had been extirpated from 72% of the 50-m segments where plants were present in 2002; abundance was greatly reduced in the few trail segments where any Dieffenbachia spp. remained in 2012. The loss of Dieffenbachia spp., especially in secondary forest, removed the species most often used by O. pumilio for tadpole rearing. Based on counts of calling frogs in 2010, there was no difference in O. pumilio abundance in primary versus secondary forest, in striking contrast to multiple earlier surveys that found much greater frog abundance in secondary forest. We propose that the reason for the rapid decline in Dieffenbachia spp. is herbivory by the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), which has increased in abundance at La Selva in recent years. A likely consequence is continued reduction in O. pumilio populations.

Studies on the Abundance, Distribution and Feeding Habits of some West African Mosquitos

1933 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Small Region ◽  
West African ◽  
Extensive Search ◽  
New Information ◽  
Tree Holes ◽  
Fallen Leaves ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Breeding Place ◽  
Made In

Almost all of the studies here reported were made in one small region, so that very little new information was secured on the ranges of the species of mosquitos under consideration.Our investigations regarding breeding-places were limited to a few species. Aëdes vittatus was found occasionally breeding in tree-holes in Ibadan. Aëdes irritans adults were taken at Ibadan, which is so far inland that this species must sometimes breed in places other than crab-holes at the edges of salt or brackish water. We did not, however, find the larvae of this species at Ibadan. The favourite breeding-place of Eretmopodites chrysogaster was found to be small collections of water in fallen leaves (especially those of cocoa trees) lying in moist and densely shaded places. Because of the abundance of Mansonia africana in places practically free from Pistia, we conclude that in the vicinity of Lagos it must breed abundantly on other plants. The long flight range of this species was taken into consideration in arriving at this conclusion. An extensive search failed, however, to reveal these plants. M. uniformis, also abundant in the vicinity of Lagos, does not breed there upon Pistia, but an extensive search failed to reveal its breeding-place.

Reactions to Participating in Trauma and Addiction Research Among Women in a Sober Living Home: A Brief Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091857
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Laura Siller ◽  
Sharon B. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Current Psychological ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this study was to examine reactions to participating in trauma and addiction research among women in a sober living home. Participants were 59 women who completed a comprehensive survey battery while living in the sober living home. The survey assessed women’s victimization and addiction history along with current psychological and behavioral health symptoms and resilience characteristics. At the end of the survey, women were asked about their reactions to participating in the survey. Results suggested that whereas 40.7% ( n = 24) of women reported being upset immediately after completing the survey, 96.6% ( n = 56) of women reported that they personally benefited from being in the research study. Women who reported being upset, compared with those who were not upset, had higher levels of depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and housing and financial instability and lower levels of empowerment, posttraumatic growth, and sense of purpose. We also asked women to tell us, in their own words, their reasons for being upset (e.g., questions about victimization experiences, loss of children), as well as their reasons for benefiting (e.g., catharsis/venting, learning something new about oneself, the chance to meet the researcher who had nice qualities). In general, the research was well tolerated by most of the participants, and almost all women, including those who were initially upset, reported personal benefits. These data shed light on the factors associated with positive and negative emotional reactions to research participation, which could be important information to include in consent forms in future research with this population.

scholarly journals Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM): Liberating Women in the Middle East

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Ibrahim Islam
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
National Development ◽  
World Population ◽  
East Region ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Middle East Region

Middle East Region is home to more than 400 million people, representing 5% of world population, and boasts aworkforce of 103 million scattered across 22 countries (Lord, 2016). Sixty five percent of the populations are youngaged 25 or under, which puts growing stress on educational, health and social systems. Over the last decade, mostMiddle East countries put into action many reforms for women’s rights and sensitivity toward gender issues. Currently,almost all Middle East countries have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination againstWomen (CEDAW). Many nations in the Region shown strong commitment to uplift education and make themaccessible to all eligible women. There was also substantial increase in the allocation of funds for education in nearlyall Middle East nations. For a balanced national development, women are needed in the various areas where theirfunctions are most suitable. In principle, there are equal opportunities for both genders but social perception andprejudice determine which types of employment are particularly suitable for women or men. Several renowned MiddleEastern women are Physicians, Chemist, Physicist, Engineers, Doctors, Judges, Lawyers, Journalist, Poets, Novelistand even Legislatives (Islam, 2017)

Comparative range use by three Atlantic Forest understorey bird species in relation to forest fragmentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam M. Hansbauer ◽  
Ilse Storch ◽  
Rafael G. Pimentel ◽  
Jean Paul Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Range Use ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Pyriglena Leucoptera

Abstract:In this paper, we report on range use patterns of birds in relation to tropical forest fragmentation. Between 2003 and 2005, three understorey passerine species were radio-tracked in five locations of a fragmented and in two locations of a contiguous forest landscape on the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo in south-eastern Brazil. Standardized ten-day home ranges of 55 individuals were used to determine influences of landscape pattern, season, species, sex and age. In addition, total observed home ranges of 76 individuals were reported as minimum measures of spatial requirements of the species. Further, seasonal home ranges of recaptured individuals were compared to examine site fidelity.Chiroxiphia caudata, but notPyriglena leucopteraorSclerurus scansor, used home ranges more than twice as large in the fragmented versus contiguous forest. Home range sizes ofC. caudatadiffered in relation to sex, age, breeding status and season. Seasonal home ranges greatly overlapped in bothC. caudataand inS. scansor. Our results suggest that one response by some forest bird species to habitat fragmentation entails enlarging their home ranges to include several habitat fragments, whereas more habitat-sensitive species remain restricted to larger forest patches.

COMPARISON OF GROWTH DYNAMICS AND WOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTATION-GROWN AND PRIMARY FOREST CARAPA GUIANENSIS IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Bauch ◽  
Oliver Dünisch
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Length ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Central Amazonia

This study responds to the demand for recultivation of degraded land areas in Central Amazonia and the desire to add long-lived trees for high-quality timber production to polyculture plantation systems. Carapa guianensis Aubl. from two monocultures (ages 4 and 17 years) and a primary forest were studied. The growth dynamics of the 4-yearold trees revealed 11 to 15 increments marked by tangentially oriented vessel rows. By the 5th year, parenchyma bands indicate mature wood. Monthly labelling by pin-markers revealed short dormancy periods during the dry season. The early formation of mature wood is shown by the pattern of percentage composition of vessels, fibres, and parenchyma. Fibre length reaches its plateau of 1.45–1.59 mm at about four years. Fibre lengths and average density (0.63 g /cm3) of plantation-grown trees correspond to those of primary forest trees. According to this study, Carapa guianensis can be recommended for plantations in order to produce high-quality timber with a decorative heartwood.

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