Investigation of 18 physiologically dormant Australian native species: germination response, environmental correlations and the implications for conservation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Justin C. Collette ◽  
Mark K.J. Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Rainfall Seasonality ◽  
Germination Experiments

Abstract For physiologically dormant (PD) species in fire-prone environments, dormancy can be both complex due to the interaction between fire and seasonal cues, and extremely deep due to long intervals between recruitment events. Due to this complexity, there are knowledge gaps particularly surrounding the dormancy depth and cues of long-lived perennial PD species. This can be problematic for both in situ and ex situ species management. We used germination experiments that tested seasonal temperature, smoke, dark and heat for 18 PD shrub species distributed across temperate fire-prone Australia and assessed how germination was correlated with environmental factors associated with their home environments. We found extremely high levels of dormancy, with only eight species germinating above 10% and three species producing no germination at all. Seven of these eight species had quite specific seasonal temperature requirements and/or very strong responses to smoke cues. The maximum germination for each species was positively correlated with the mean temperature of the source population but negatively correlated with rainfall seasonality and driest months. The strong dependence on a smoke cue for some of the study species, along with examples from other studies, provides evidence that an obligate smoke response could be a fire-adapted germination cue. Germination response correlated with rainfall season of the source populations is a pattern which has often been assumed but little comparative data across sites with different rainfall seasonality exists. Further investigation of a broader range of species from different rainfall season environments would help to elucidate this knowledge gap.

scholarly journals Germination response to phytotoxicity of Impatiens parviflora

Biologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligita Baležentienė
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Biochemical Interaction ◽  
Impatiens Parviflora

Biochemical interactions in ecosystems have revealed the ecophysiological significance of secondary metabolites. Biochemical interaction underlies the novel weapons hypothesis thus presenting one of numerous explanations for the spread of invasive species. The knowledge of how invasive species spread in a new environment might be important for their management control. This study was aimed to determine the total phenolics content in Impatiens parviflora (I parv) and evaluate the germination response of monocot and dicot species to phytotoxicity. Wheat and rapeseed germination response to allelopathic activity of worldwide invasive Impatiens species (Balsaminaceae), namely, I. parviflora (native to Central Asia) was assessed ex situ at Aleksandras Stulginskis University in 2016. Phenolic content ranged between 0.32 and 5.53 mg g–1 in aqueous extracts of donor Impatiens. These allelopathic compounds are phytotoxic and usually reduce the growth of neighbouring plants. The data revealed their inhibition of germination and the seedling growth of both recipient species. However, the germination response was different for each recipient species due to different morphology of the seed coat. Inhibition of Impatiens extracts was recorded stronger for rapeseed (R) germination (mean 51.0%) than that for wheat (W) germination (mean 23.8%), possibly due to different seed coat anatomy and, consequently, its permeability. Therefore the strongest inhibition (93.0%) was recorded for rapeseed germination (4.5%) in 0.2% flower and fruit+seed extract of I. parviflora. Parameters of wheat seedlings also exhibited a weaker response to the extract of I. parviflora than that of rapeseed. The data revealed that Impatiens parviflora might negatively affect the regeneration of neighbouring native species in invaded habitats.

Ex Situ Conservation of Rare Medicinal Plants in the Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Nina Ciocârlan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This work refers to the native species of genus Astragalus L. (A. dasyanthus, A. ponticus), Adonis L. (A. vernalis, A. wolgensis) and Digitalis L. (D. lanata, D. grandiflora). The plants are cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Moldova in the field collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Investigation includes propagation aspects, research into cultivation techniques and conservation measures. The biological particularities and the phenologic rhythm are also registered. The obtained data shows the ecological flexibility of species and the possibility of preserving them in culture.

Extreme Ionic and Temperature Effects on Germination of Weeping Alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans), Nuttall's Alkaligrass (Puccinellia nuttalliana) and Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Tarasoff ◽  
Daniel A. Ball ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Puccinellia Distans ◽  
Semiarid Environments ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Germination Experiments

The introduced species weeping alkaligrass, and the native species Nuttall's alkaligrass, two of the most salt-tolerant C3 grasses found in arid and semiarid environments of western North America, occur within the Grande Ronde valley of eastern Oregon. Both species occur as weeds within Kentucky bluegrass seed fields and subsequently as grass seed contaminants. Two separate germination experiments were conducted to understand better the seed germination biology of these two species compared to Kentucky bluegrass under negative water potentials or high temperature conditions. Results of these studies indicate that although all three species benefited from an ionic enhancement associated with NaCl, weeping alkaligrass was the most drought and salt tolerant of the three species. Dry seeds of weeping alkaligrass were also particularly tolerant to high temperatures with no differences in germination at temperatures below 50 C, indicating that seed viability under nonirrigated field conditions should be unaffected by high soil temperatures. Under soil temperature conditions as high as 40 C, moist Kentucky bluegrass seeds had the greatest germination rates, indicating that this species should benefit from irrigation more than the other two species.

Seed Ageing and Smoke: Partner Cuesin the Amelioration of Seed Dormancyin Selected Australian Native Species

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna Roche ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon ◽  
John S. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Soil Storage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Ageing ◽  
Australian Native Plant ◽  
High Concentrations

Seed germination of many Australian native plant species has consistently proven to be fractious. With the discovery of smoke-mediated germination, it is now possible to better understand the heterogeneity in germination patterns for a wide range of species both in situ and ex situ. In the present study, over 180 species were examined as to viability and smoke responsiveness of freshly collected seed. Soil storage and a number of commonly used seed pre-treatments were employed in combination with smoke to examine both longevity in artificially constructed seed banks, and the role of seed ageing in improved germination. Methods of smoke application for commercial use were also investigated. Viability decline over 1 year varied between 10% and 80%. Reductions of as little as 15% were found to compromise the ability of a number of species to successfully recruit in consecutive seasons. When fresh seed was used,almost 70% of species tested responded positively to smoke whether applied prior to or after sowing. Variation in success between the two methods confirmed earlier conclusions that substances contained in plant-derived smoke may be inhibitory at high concentrations for particularly sensitive species. Only 10% of species under investigation recorded optimum germination with seed ageing alone but when smoke was applied as a treatment after soil storage, 60% of species responded positively. Implications for horticulture, rehabilitation, seed bank research and habitat management are discussed.

scholarly journals Morphology, histochemical test, potential, and conservation effort of Alpinia warburgii K. Schum., a native species to Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
Trimanto ◽  
L Hapsari
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Conservation Effort ◽  
Histochemical Tests

Abstract Alpinia warburgii is a species of the Zingiberaceae family native to Sulawesi. This study aims to characterize the plant morphology; analyze the anatomical structure, histochemical localization, and secretory cell structure of the rhizome; also discuss the potential and conservation effort of the species. Anatomical study and histochemical tests were observed microscopically using the fresh preparation method and wet mounted slide. Histochemical tests carried out include starch, protein, lipid, tannin, alkaloid, and flavonoid. This study is considered the first report of histochemical tests on A. warburgii. The main morphological characteristics of A. warburgii are perennial herbaceous; inflorescence terminal and raceme; flowers white, labellum obovate with red lines in the middle, and flanked by light green edges; fruit globose, green when young and yellow when ripe. The rhizome anatomical structure comprises the epidermis, endodermis, hypodermis, parenchyma, cortex, and vascular bundles, classified as closed collateral type. Histochemical tests showed positive localization for starch, protein, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. The density of flavonoids secretory cells is higher than tannins and alkaloids, which indicates its potential as medicine to be associated with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammation, and anticancer. In addition to in-situ, ex-situ conservation effort through propagation is also important to maintain the species.

scholarly journals Biodiverse neighborhoods: an ex-situ conservation tool

2022 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
João Gilberto Meza Ucella-Filho ◽  
Fernanda Moura Fonseca Lucas ◽  
Débora de Melo Almeida ◽  
Bruna Rafaella Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Dayane de Melo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
H Index ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Dominance ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Urban forests are responsible for a lot of benefits, and can be used as a tool to ex-situ conservation of native species. Our study investigated a public urban forest aiming to provide subside to management projects in order to allow the accurate fulfillment of social, aesthetic and ecological functions displayed by trees. Our survey was conducted in 6 public squares and 5 gardens in the Jardins neighborhood. We classified the trees according to their phytogeographic origins and seed dispersal habit. The Shannon-Weaver (H’) index, Simpson’s dominance (D’) and Pielou’s equability (J) were determined. A total of 507 individuals were sampled, located in 12 botanical families and 29 species, and 13 of them were classified as native and 16 as exotic. The family with higher species richness and number of species was Fabaceae (36%). Regarding the seed dispersal syndrome, the most representative was zoochory (52%). The ecological index showed medium species diversity (H’=2.2284), high dominance (D’=0.7899) and medium number of individuals (J) 0.6552. Although the Jardins neighborhood was planned, the urban forest in this area still needs improvement; such as incentive measures that can promote biodiversity and the application of ex-situ conservation.

scholarly journals Potencial ornamental de espécies do Bioma Caatinga

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Markilla Zunete Beckmann Cavalcante ◽  
Daniel Fagner da Silva Dultra ◽  
Handerson Leandro da Costa Silva ◽  
Jarina Coelho Cotting ◽  
Sheila Daniella Pereira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
Symmetry Structure ◽  
A Current ◽  
Made In ◽  
Growth Shape

The reduction or replacement of exotic ornamental plants by native species with ornamental potential is a current trend of landscaping. The insertion in the productive chain of flowers and ornamental plants and availability for commercialization represents a differential in a highly competitive market, attentive to novelties and tending to adopt products of reduced environmental impact besides promoting ex situ conservation. In this sense, the objective was to prospect species of the native flora of the Caatinga Biome that occur in the Valley of the Submédio São Francisco that present aesthetic elements appropriate for use in the landscaping. Incursions were made in the field to identify the species and were described the habit of growth, shape, symmetry, structure, texture and color of structures of higher ornamental value, fragrance, the presence of spines or not with indication of the possibilities of use. A total of 43 species were reported, distributed among herbaceous habit (21), bush habit (11), arboreal trees (9), both one climbing and hardy liana. Among the species indicated, 30.2% belong to the Fabaceae family. The flora of the Caatinga presents species with high ornamental potential for diverse uses and landscape effects. There is a need to stimulate the use of native species of the Caatinga Biome in landscaping projects, whose potential is still little valued.

scholarly journals Seed longevity, viability and germination of four weed-ruderal Asteraceae species of ethnobotanic value

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariel Jiménez-Vázquez ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽  
Alejandro Flores-Morales ◽  
Irene Perea-Arango ◽  
María del Carmen Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Design Production ◽  
One Year ◽  
Germination Experiments

Background: A high proportion of Asteraceae species are considered weeds, some of them have recognizable biological properties. To design production protocols and ex situ seed conservation programs is necessary to determine the effect of storage temperature on seed viability and longevity. It is known that cold temperatures maintain seed viability and thus prolong seed longevity. Hypotheses: The seeds of Aldama dentata, Verbesina virgata, Stevia origanoides and Roldana barba-johannis stored at low temperature (5 ºC) will have greater longevity than when stored at room temperature (16.45 ± 1.94 oC) and will decrease their viability as they age. Study site and dates: Seeds of the four Asteraceae were collected (November-December 2015) in The National Park “El Tepozteco”, Morelos, Mexico and in the “Chamilpa” campus of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Methods: The monthly germination experiments (11) were implemented with seeds stored under both temperatures, germination (%) and mean germination time were registered to estimate seed longevity. The seed viability stored at room temperature was evaluated with the tetrazolium test. Results: Germination and viability decreased with seed age. Along the experiment, seed germination was similar at both storage temperatures. A. dentata and S. origanoides showed the highest germination but A. dentata alone reached the major seed viability. The oldest seeds germinated faster. Conclusions: Seed longevity of all the species exceeded one year. For propagation purposes, it is recommended to use seeds between 8 and 9 months of age, when their germination and viability are the highest.

scholarly journals Prosopis juliflora invasion and environmental factors on density of soil seed bank in Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakshum Shiferaw ◽  
Tamrat Bekele ◽  
Sebsebe Demissew ◽  
Ermias Aynekulu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Grazing Lands

AbstractThe aims of the study were to analyze (1) the effects of Prosopis juliflora (Prosopis) on the spatial distribution and soil seed banks (SSB) diversity and density, (2) the effects of environmental factors on SSB diversity and density (number of seeds in the soil per unit area), and (3) the effects of animal fecal droppings on SSB diversity, density, and dispersal. Aboveground vegetation data were collected from different Prosopis-infested habitats from quadrats (20 × 20 m) in Prosopis thickets, Prosopis + native species stand, non-invaded woodlands, and open grazing lands. In each Prosopis-infested habitats, soil samples were collected from the litter layer and three successive soil layer, i.e., 0–3 cm, 3–6 cm, and 6–9 cm. Seeds from soil samples and animal fecal matter were separated in the green house using the seedling emergence technique. Invasion of Prosopis had significant effects on the soil seed bank diversity. Results revealed that the mean value of the Shannon diversity of non-invaded woodlands was being higher by 19.2%, 18.5%, and 11.0% than Prosopis thickets; Prosopis + native species stand and open grazing lands, respectively. The seed diversity and richness, recovered from 6–9-cm-deep layer were the highest. On the other hand, the density of Prosopis seeds was the highest in the litter layer. About 156 of seeds/kg (92.9%) of seeds were germinated from cattle fecal matter. However, in a small proportion of seedlings, 12 of seeds/kg (7.1%) were germinated from shot fecal matter. Thus, as the seeds in the soil were low in the study areas, in situ and ex situ conservation of original plants and reseeding of persistent grass species such as Cynodon dactylon, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon plumulosus, and Brachiaria ramosa are recommended.

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