Infection and premature rupture of the membranes

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kyung Seo ◽  
James A McGregor ◽  
Janice I French
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) and preterm birthPreterm birth remains a paramount problem in health care worldwide. In the USA, approximately 6–10% of births occur preterm.1–3Gestational age at birth is the most important determinant of an infant's morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants account for approximately 75% of neonatal deaths,3–5as well as incalculable direct and indirect financial costs and morbidity.6–9

scholarly journals Preterm Birth Affects Early Motor Development in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vanden Hole ◽  
Miriam Ayuso ◽  
Peter Aerts ◽  
Steven Van Cruchten ◽  
Thomas Thymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Gestation Time ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Normal Gestation ◽  
Age At Birth

Background: Preterm infants frequently show neuromotor dysfunctions, but it is not clear how reduced gestational age at birth may induce developmental coordination disorders. Advancing postnatal age, not only post-conceptional age, may determine neuromuscular development, and early interventions in preterm newborns may improve their later motor skills. An animal model of preterm birth that allows early postnatal detection of movement patterns may help to investigate this hypothesis.Methods: Using pigs as a model for moderately preterm infants, preterm (106-day gestation, equivalent to 90% of normal gestation time; n = 38) and term (115-day gestation, equivalent to 99% of normal gestation time; n = 20) individuals were delivered by cesarean section and artificially reared until postnatal day 19 (preweaning period). The neuromotor skills of piglets were documented using spatiotemporal gait analyses on video recordings of locomotion at self-selected speed at postnatal age 3, 4, 5, 8, and 18 days. Results were controlled for effects of body weight and sex.Results: Both preterm and term piglets reached mature neuromotor skills and performance between postnatal days 3–5. However, preterm pigs took shorter steps at a higher frequency, than term piglets, irrespective of their body size. Within preterm pigs, males and low birth weight individuals took the shortest steps, and with the highest frequency.Conclusion: Postnatal development of motor skills and gait characteristics in pigs delivered in late gestation may show similarity to the compromised development of gait pattern in preterm infants. Relative to term pigs, the postnatal delay in gait development in preterm pigs was only few days, that is, much shorter than the 10-day reduction in gestation length. This indicates rapid postnatal adaptation of gait pattern after reduced gestational age at birth. Early-life physical training and medical interventions may support both short- and long-term gait development after preterm birth in both pigs and infants.

scholarly journals Maternal biological age assessed in early pregnancy is associated with gestational age at birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva E. Lancaster ◽  
Dana M. Lapato ◽  
Colleen Jackson-Cook ◽  
Jerome F. Strauss ◽  
Roxann Roberson-Nay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

AbstractMaternal age is an established predictor of preterm birth independent of other recognized risk factors. The use of chronological age makes the assumption that individuals age at a similar rate. Therefore, it does not capture interindividual differences that may exist due to genetic background and environmental exposures. As a result, there is a need to identify biomarkers that more closely index the rate of cellular aging. One potential candidate is biological age (BA) estimated by the DNA methylome. This study investigated whether maternal BA, estimated in either early and/or late pregnancy, predicts gestational age at birth. BA was estimated from a genome-wide DNA methylation platform using the Horvath algorithm. Linear regression methods assessed the relationship between BA and pregnancy outcomes, including gestational age at birth and prenatal perceived stress, in a primary and replication cohort. Prenatal BA estimates from early pregnancy explained variance in gestational age at birth above and beyond the influence of other recognized preterm birth risk factors. Sensitivity analyses indicated that this signal was driven primarily by self-identified African American participants. This predictive relationship was sensitive to small variations in the BA estimation algorithm. Benefits and limitations of using BA in translational research and clinical applications for preterm birth are considered.

Prolonged Episodes of Hypoxemia in Preterm Infants Undetectable by Cardiorespiratory Monitors

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F. Poets ◽  
Valerie A. Stebbens ◽  
David Richard ◽  
David P. Southall
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Prolonged Apnea ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
Age At Birth

Objective. To determine whether episodes of prolonged hypoxemia occur without prolonged apneic pauses (≥20 seconds) and without bradycardia (pulse rate, ≤100 beats per minute) in apparently well preterm infants. Methods. Long-term recordings of arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2), photoplethysmographic (pulse) waveforms from the oximeter, and breathing movements were performed in 96 preterm infants (median gestational age at birth, 34 weeks; range, 28 to 36 weeks) who were breathing room air. Recordings started at a median age of 4 days (range, 1 to 60 days). Results. During a median duration of recording of 25 hours, 88 episodes in which SpO2 fell to 80% or less and remained there for 20 seconds or longer were identified in 15 infants. The median duration of these prolonged desaturations was 27 seconds (range, 20 to 81 seconds). In 73 episodes (83%), SpO2 continued to fall to 60% or less. Twenty-three desaturations were associated with prolonged apneic pauses and 54 with bradycardia; 19 of these were associated with both apnea and bradycardia. Thirty desaturations (34%; 10 infants) occurred without bradycardia and without prolonged apnea. Conclusions. These results indicate that a proportion of apparently well preterm infants exhibit episodes of severe prolonged hypoxemia unaccompanied by prolonged apneic pauses or bradycardia. Such episodes, therefore, would be difficult to detect if only breathing movements and heart rate are monitored. Indications for the use of oxygenation monitors in preterm infants should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Preterm birth and risk of chronic kidney disease from childhood into mid-adulthood: national cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Crump ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Marilyn A Winkleby ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Term ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Objective To investigate the relation between preterm birth (gestational age <37 weeks) and risk of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. Design National cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants 4 186 615 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973-2014. Exposures Gestational age at birth, identified from nationwide birth records in the Swedish birth registry. Main outcome measures CKD, identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient diagnoses through 2015 (maximum age 43 years). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth and risk of CKD while adjusting for potential confounders, and co-sibling analyses assessed the influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic or environmental) factors. Results 4305 (0.1%) participants had a diagnosis of CKD during 87.0 million person years of follow-up. Preterm birth and extremely preterm birth (<28 weeks) were associated with nearly twofold and threefold risks of CKD, respectively, from birth into mid-adulthood (adjusted hazard ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.74 to 2.16; P<0.001; 3.01, 1.67 to 5.45; P<0.001). An increased risk was observed even among those born at early term (37-38 weeks) (1.30, 1.20 to 1.40; P<0.001). The association between preterm birth and CKD was strongest at ages 0-9 years (5.09, 4.11 to 6.31; P<0.001), then weakened but remained increased at ages 10-19 years (1.97, 1.57 to 2.49; P<0.001) and 20-43 years (1.34, 1.15 to 1.57; P<0.001). These associations affected both males and females and did not seem to be related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. Conclusions Preterm and early term birth are strong risk factors for the development of CKD from childhood into mid-adulthood. People born prematurely need long term follow-up for monitoring and preventive actions to preserve renal function across the life course.

scholarly journals Risk of hypertension into adulthood in persons born prematurely: a national cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (16) ◽  
pp. 1542-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Crump ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Aims Preterm birth has been associated with elevated blood pressure early in life; however, hypertension risks from childhood into adulthood remain unclear. We conducted a large population-based study to examine gestational age at birth in relation to hypertension risks from childhood into adulthood. Methods and results A national cohort study was conducted of all 4 193 069 singleton live births in Sweden during 1973–2014, who were followed up for hypertension identified from nationwide inpatient and outpatient (specialty and primary care) diagnoses from any health care encounters through 2015 (maximum age 43 years; median 22.5). Cox regression was used to examine gestational age at birth in relation to hypertension risk while adjusting for other perinatal and maternal factors, and co-sibling analyses assessed the potential influence of unmeasured shared familial (genetic and/or environmental) factors. In 86.8 million person-years of follow-up, 62 424 (1.5%) persons were identified with hypertension (median age 29.8 years at diagnosis). Adjusted hazard ratios for new-onset hypertension at ages 18–29 years associated with preterm (&lt;37 weeks) and extremely preterm (22–27 weeks) birth were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21–1.36] and 2.45 (1.82–3.31), respectively, and at ages 30–43 years were 1.25 (1.18–1.31) and 1.68 (1.12–2.53), respectively, compared with full-term birth (39–41 weeks). These associations affected males and females similarly and appeared substantially related to shared genetic or environmental factors in families. Conclusions In this large national cohort, preterm birth was associated with increased risk of hypertension into early adulthood. Persons born prematurely may need early preventive evaluation and long-term monitoring for the development of hypertension.

Effects of Antenatal Depression and Antidepressant Treatment on Gestational Age at Birth and Risk of Preterm Birth

2007 ◽  
Vol 164 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Suri ◽  
Lori Altshuler ◽  
Gerhard Hellemann ◽  
Vivien K. Burt ◽  
Ana Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

scholarly journals Time to regain birth weight - a marker to predict the severity of retinopathy of prematurity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Anvekar ◽  
Sam Athikarisamy ◽  
Shripada Rao ◽  
Andy Gill ◽  
Elizabeth Nathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 1 Rop ◽  
Age At Birth

Abstract Background Poor weight gain in the first few weeks of life has been studied as a predictor of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Our aim was to assess whether time taken to regain birthweight (BW) be used as an additional marker to identify infants with type 1 ROP. Methods In this retrospective study, preterm infants (< 27 weeks gestational age at birth) born during the period from 1/1/2010–31/12/2015 at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Australia were included. Twenty-seven preterm infants with Type 1 ROP were identified. Controls (No ROP or ROP other than type 1) were matched with cases on gestational age at birth and BW (1:4 ratio). Data were collected from the database and medical records. Results The median (IQR) gestational age for Type 1 ROP and control groups were 24 (24–26) and 25 (24–26) weeks respectively and median (IQR) BW for Type 1 ROP and control groups were 675 (635–810) and 773 (666–884) grams respectively. Preterm infants with Type 1 ROP were more likely to be small for gestational age (SGA) (18.5% vs 3.7%, p = 0.015) and had increased weeks on oxygen therapy (median 11.9 vs 9.1, p = 0.028). Time to regain BW was longer in preterm infants with type 1 ROP than controls but did not reach statistical significance (median 9 vs 7 days, OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.17, p = 0.059) adjusted for SGA and duration of oxygen therapy. The area under the curve from the time to regain BW model with adjustment for SGA and duration of oxygen therapy was 0.73 (95% CI 0.62–0.83). Conclusion We hypothesize that time to regain BW has potential to aid prediction of Type 1 ROP and this warrants further investigation in a larger prospective study.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH DITINJAU DARI KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DAN FAKTOR KEHAMILAN (Studi di Puskesmas Margorejo dan Puskesmas Juwana di Kabupaten Pati)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Aeda Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

ENGLISHQuality of health care and pregnancy factors affect the development of the fetus. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of health care and pregnancy factors on the incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) including: antenatal completeness, the frequency of antenatal, maternal weight during pregnancy, a history of hyperemesis gravidarum, and gestational age at birth. This study uses case control design with sample of 32 cases and 32 controls. Statistical test uses chi square and risk estimation uses odds ratios. The results show that antenatal completeness (OR = 4.911 and p = 0.009), gestational age at birth (OR = 4.592 and p = 0.010) and hyperemesis gravidarum experienced by the mother during pregnancy (OR = 4.200 and p = 0.029) are risk factors of LBW in Public Health Center Juwana and Margorejo. The cooperation among health workers is needed to improve knowledge of pregnant women regarding the importance of completed antenatal care. In addition, it is important to raise awareness for pregnant women about the problems during pregnancy so that the problems can be addressed immediately. INDONESIAKualitas pelayanan kesehatan dan faktor kehamilan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor kualitas pelayanan kesehatan dan faktor kehamilan terhadap kejadian Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) yang meliputi: kelengkapan pemeriksaan antenatal, frekuensi pemeriksaan antenatal, kenaikan berat badan ibu saat hamil, riwayat hiperemesis gravidarum, dan umur kehamilan pada saat bayi lahir. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol dengan jumlah sampel masing-masing 32 responden. Uji statistik menggunakan chi square dan estimasi risiko menggunakan odd rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelengkapan pemeriksaan antenatal (OR = 4,911 dan p = 0,009), umur kehamilan saat bayi dilahirkan (OR = 4,592 dan p = 0,010) dan hiperemesis gravidarum yang dialami ibu selama hamil (OR = 4,200 dan p = 0,029) menjadi faktor risiko kejadian BBLR di Puskesmas Juwana dan Puskesmas Margorejo. Perlu kerja sama semua tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan informasi kepada ibu hamil tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan antenatal secara lengkap serta memotivasi ibu hamil dan keluarganya untuk meningkatkan kepekaan terhadap masalah yang dihadapi selama kehamilan sehingga jika ada masalah dapat segera diatasi.

scholarly journals Clinical and functional features of the small circle of blood circulation in children with a new form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Milana A. Basargina ◽  
Andrey P. Fisenko ◽  
Irina V. Davydova ◽  
Maksim V. Kondratyev ◽  
Anastasiya S. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

The aim of the work is to analyze the data of Echo-CG examination of premature infants who have formed and have not formed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to determine the frequency of the formation of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Materials and methods. A total of 199 preterm infants treated in the Department of Pathology of Newborns were examined. The first group included moderate and severe BPD children (n = 117; 59%). The second group consisted of children without BPD within clearly decreed terms (n = 82; 41%). In each group, patients were divided into four subgroups by the gestational age at birth and the timing of the Echo-CG. Results. Only two (1.1%) patients out of 117 BPD children of the first group were diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH). In 3 (2.5%) of 117 infants of the same group, enlargement of the right heart without PH was revealed. Out of 82 children without BPD, two patients had signs of right heart enlargement. PH was not diagnosed in any of the patients in this group. Discussion. To aggravate the efficiency of PH diagnosis, a number of indices of screening echocardiography seem to be increased by additional analysis of changes in the systolic eccentricity index (EI), as a reliable marker of PH in BPD children. Systolic IE should be integrated into screening in preterm infants for the diagnosis of PH. The use of Echo-CG data along with analysis of blood BNP or NT-proBNP blood content be also expanded. Optimizing the diagnosis of PH at the early stages of BPD is necessary to increase the efficacy of targeted therapy and reduce the risk of severe complications of BPD.

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