A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MATERNAL CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION AND PAEDIATRIC HEALTH

Calcium is an important element of body composition1,2 as well as normal physiological functions3. A neonate's body has around 20–30 g calcium present at birth2,4–6 and this amount has to be supplied by the mother since human body cannot synthesise calcium2. Therefore, if the mother has a shortage of calcium, the foetus might be affected.

Download Full-text

The relationship between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players: a systematic review

Sports Medicine - Open ◽

10.1186/s40798-020-00264-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessica B. Farley ◽

Lily M. Barrett ◽

Justin W. L. Keogh ◽

Carl T. Woods ◽

Nikki Milne

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Sports Injury ◽

Quality Data ◽

Body Region ◽

Ankle Sprains ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Understanding the relationships between physical fitness characteristics and sports injury may assist with the development of injury minimisation programs. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the association between physical fitness attributes and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. Methods Four scientific databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus) and reference lists of relevant research were searched for eligible studies up to September 2, 2019. Full-text articles examining the relationship between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players were included. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to assess methodological quality. Data synthesis determined summary conclusions based on the number of significant relationships divided by the total relationships investigated and reported as a percentage. Level of certainty was identified for summary conclusions based on level of evidence. Sub-analyses regarding competition level, age, and single injury types were also conducted. Results A total of 44 studies were included. Data synthesis revealed no associations (low to moderate certainty) between body composition (1/9; 11%), flexibility (18–20%), and balance (2/8; 25%) and ‘any injury’ classification. No associations (mostly of moderate certainty) were found between flexibility (0–27%), muscular strength (0–27%), and body composition (14–33%) and various body region injury classifications, whereas mixed summary conclusions were shown for balance (0-48%). Many associations between physical fitness and sports injury were deemed ‘unknown’ or with an insufficient level of certainty. Sub-analyses revealed no association between strength and noncontact ACL injuries (0/5; 0%) or ankle sprains (0/12; 0%), and between flexibility and ankle sprains (1/5; 20%); however, insufficient certainty of these results exists. Clear associations were concluded between balance and lower body injuries in female, non-elite (10/16; 63%) and junior (9/12; 75%) team ball sport players, with moderate and insufficient certainty of these results, respectively. Conclusion Limited evidence is available to demonstrate relationships between physical fitness and sports injury in female, team ball sport players. High-quality evidence investigating the multifactorial nature of sports injury, including the interactions physical fitness qualities have with other injury determinants, is needed to better understand the role of physical fitness in minimising sports injuries in female, team ball sport players. Trial Registration CRD42017077374 (PROSPERO on September 14, 2017).

Download Full-text

Effects of Resistance Circuit-Based Training on Body Composition, Strength and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10050377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽

Luis Andreu Caravaca ◽

Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Rest Time

We assessed the effects of resistance circuit-based training (CT) on strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in three databases, ending on March, 2020. Meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were used to analyze the effects of pre–post-intervention CT and differences from control groups (CG). Of the 830 studies found, 45 were included in the meta-analysis (58 experimental groups (n = 897) and 34 CG (n = 474)). The CT interventions led to increases in muscle mass (1.9%; p < 0.001) and decreases in fat mass (4.3%; p < 0.001). With regard to cardiorespiratory fitness, CT had a favorable effect on VO2max (6.3%; p < 0.001), maximum aerobic speed or power (0.3%; p = 0.04), and aerobic performance (2.6%; p = 0.006) after training. Concerning strength outcome, the CT increased the strength of the upper and lower extremities. Only the magnitude of strength performance appears to be influenced by the training (number of sessions and frequency) and the training status. Moreover, low and moderate intensities and short rest time between exercise increase the magnitude of change in fat mass loss. Therefore, CT has been shown to be an effective method for improving body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and strength of the lower and upper limbs.

Download Full-text

Plant-Based Dietary Patterns, Body Composition, Muscle Strength and Function in Middle and Older Age: A Systematic Review

The journal of nutrition health & aging ◽

10.1007/s12603-021-1666-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hilaria Hin Lam Chan ◽

R. V. Ribeiro ◽

S. Haden ◽

V. Hirani

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Older Age ◽

And Function

Download Full-text

Sensitivity of bioelectrical impedance to detect changes in human body composition

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1989.67.4.1643 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1643-1648 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

R. Ross ◽

L. Leger ◽

P. Martin ◽

R. Roy

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exercise Regimen ◽

Before And After ◽

Hydrostatic Weighing ◽

Human Body Composition

The purpose of this study was to compare the estimates of lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat (%BF), as predicted by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and sum of skinfolds (SF), with those derived by hydrostatic weighing (HW) obtained before and after a 10-wk diet and exercise regimen. The experimental (E) group consisted of 17 healthy male subjects; 20 healthy males served as the control (C) group. Post hoc Scheffe contrasts computed on E group data indicated that, for both LBM and %BF, the Lukaski and Segal BIA equations, as well as the Durnin SF equation, derived mean values that were not significantly different (0.05 significance level) from HW in both pre- and postregimen conditions. For LBM, the same equations derived the following significant (P less than 0.01) correlation coefficients for both pre- and postregimen data: Lukaski, 0.87 and 0.85; Segal, 0.89 and 0.87; and Durnin, 0.90 and 0.88. For %BF, the correlation coefficients were slightly lower but remained statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that the BIA method, by use of either the Lukaski or Segal prediction equations, is a valid means of predicting changes in human body composition as measured by the Siri transformation of body density.

Download Full-text

Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess human body composition

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/s0271-5317(99)00079-2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 1179-1188 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sufia Islam ◽

Iqbal Kabir ◽

Mohammad A. Wahed ◽

Michael I. Goran ◽

Dilip Mahalanabis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Human Body ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Human Body Composition

Download Full-text

Body composition changes in physically active individuals consuming ketogenic diets: a systematic review

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00440-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Julie L. Coleman ◽

Christopher T. Carrigan ◽

Lee M. Margolis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Ideal Strength ◽

Physically Active ◽

Ketogenic Diets ◽

Study Intervention

Abstract Background To achieve ideal strength/power to mass ratio, athletes may attempt to lower body mass through reductions in fat mass (FM), while maintaining or increasing fat-free mass (FFM) by manipulating their training regimens and diets. Emerging evidence suggests that consumption of high-fat, ketogenic diets (KD) may be advantageous for reducing body mass and FM, while retaining FFM. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library databases to compare the effects of KD versus control diets (CON) on body mass and composition in physically active populations. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included if participants were healthy (free of chronic disease), physically active men or women age ≥ 18 years consuming KD (< 50 g carbohydrate/d or serum or whole blood β-hydroxybutyrate (βhb) > 0.5 mmol/L) for ≥14 days. Results Thirteen studies (9 parallel and 4 crossover/longitudinal) that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Aggregated results from the 13 identified studies show body mass decreased 2.7 kg in KD and increased 0.3 kg in CON. FM decreased by 2.3 kg in KD and 0.3 kg in CON. FFM decreased by 0.3 kg in KD and increased 0.7 kg in CON. Estimated energy balance based on changes in body composition was − 339 kcal/d in KD and 5 kcal/d in CON. Risk of bias identified some concern of bias primarily due to studies which allowed participants to self-select diet intervention groups, as well as inability to blind participants to the study intervention, and/or longitudinal study design. Conclusion KD can promote mobilization of fat stores to reduce FM while retaining FFM. However, there is variance in results of FFM across studies and some risk-of-bias in the current literature that is discussed in this systematic review.

Download Full-text

Vitamin D in Basketball Players: Current Evidence and Future Directions

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/19417381211019343 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194173812110193

Author(s):

Emilija Stojanović ◽

Dragan Radovanović ◽

Tamara Hew-Butler ◽

Dušan Hamar ◽

Vladimir Jakovljević

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Bone Health ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Level Of Evidence

Context: Despite growing interest in quantifying and correcting vitamin D inadequacy in basketball players, a critical synthesis of these data is yet to be performed to overcome the low generalizability of findings from individual studies. Objective: To provide a comprehensive analysis of data in basketball pertaining to (1) the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy; (2) the effects of vitamin D supplementation on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration (and its association with body composition), bone health, and performance; and (3) crucial aspects that warrant further investigation. Data Sources: PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Study Selection: After screening, 15 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy, serum 25(OH)D, body composition, stress fractures, and physical performance were extracted. Results: The pooled prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy for 527 basketball players in 14 studies was 77% ( P < 0.001; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Supplementation with 4000 IU/d and 4000 IU/wk (absolute mean difference [AMD]: 25.39 nmol/L; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 13.44-37.33), as well as 10,000 IU/d (AMD: 100.01; P < 0.001; 95% CI, 70.39-129.63) vitamin D restored 25(OH)D to normal concentrations. Body composition data revealed inverse correlations between changes in serum 25(OH)D (from pre- to postsupplementation) and body fat ( r = −0.80; very large). Data concerning positive impacts of vitamin D supplementation on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Conclusion: The high proportion of vitamin D inadequacy underscores the need to screen for serum 25(OH)D in basketball players. Although supplementation restored vitamin D sufficiency, the beneficial effects on bone health and physical performance remain sparse. Adiposity can modulate 25(OH)D response to supplementation.

Download Full-text

European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000515381 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 222-245

Author(s):

Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽

Marwan El Ghoch ◽

Annamaria Colao ◽

Maria Hassapidou ◽

Volkan Yumuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Side Effects ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Weight Loss Interventions

Background: The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recently proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. The VLCKD is characterized by a low carbohydrate content (<50 g/day), 1–1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, 15–30 g of fat/day, and a daily intake of about 500–800 calories. Objectives: The aim of the current document is to suggest a common protocol for VLCKD and to summarize the existing literature on its efficacy in weight management and weight-related comorbidities, as well as the possible side effects. Methods: This document has been prepared in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development, and quality appraisal were performed independently by 2 authors and the data were collated by means of a meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. Results: Of the 645 articles retrieved, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, revealing 4 main findings. First, the VLCKD was shown to result in a significant weight loss in the short, intermediate, and long terms and improvement in body composition parameters as well as glycemic and lipid profiles. Second, when compared with other weight loss interventions of the same duration, the VLCKD showed a major effect on reduction of body weight, fat mass, waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglyceridemia as well as improved insulin resistance. Third, although the VLCKD also resulted in a significant reduction of glycemia, HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol, these changes were similar to those obtained with other weight loss interventions. Finally, the VLCKD can be considered a safe nutritional approach under a health professional’s supervision since the most common side effects are usually clinically mild and easily to manage and recovery is often spontaneous. Conclusions: The VLCKD can be recommended as an effective dietary treatment for individuals with obesity after considering potential contra-indications and keeping in mind that any dietary treatment has to be personalized. Prospero Registry: The assessment of the efficacy of VLCKD on body weight, body composition, glycemic and lipid parameters in overweight and obese subjects: a meta-analysis (CRD42020205189).

Download Full-text