Cross-country variation in sleep disturbance among working and older age groups: an analysis based on the European Social Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1413-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dregan ◽  
D. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Older Age ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey

ABSTRACTBackground: Sleep disturbance is a common complaint in the general population. There is, however, little cross-national comparative evidence on the prevalence of sleep disturbance and its association with age.Methods: Cross-sectional data from the third wave of the European Social Survey were used to compare both the prevalence of sleep disturbances and its relationship to age among 27,103 respondents over the age of 40 years from 23 European countries. The outcome measures for the study were based on the proportion of respondents reporting restless sleep over the past week and percentage change in the reporting of restless sleep between the 41–65 age group and the 66 and over age group.Result: The prevalence rate of sleep disturbance varied between and within age groups, as well as between the 23 European countries. Depressive symptoms (OR = 4.14), anxiety (OR = 2.80), and general health (OR = 1.52) were the strongest correlates of sleep disturbance among both the 41–65 age group and the over 66 age group. The highest positive correlation with change in restless sleep reports occurred with respect to health deterioration. Satisfaction with living standards showed the strongest negative association with change in restless sleep reports.Conclusion: There is considerable variation in reports of sleep disturbance across different European countries. Being in an older age group appears to be associated with worsening sleep, though not always. Different patterns of sleep disturbance seem to indicate the considerable variability of the aging experience across Europe.

scholarly journals Few European Adults are Living a Healthy Lifestyle

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Miguel Peralta ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Vânia Loureiro ◽  
Paola Cortés Almanzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Healthy Behaviors

Purpose: This study aimed to measure healthy lifestyle for European adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: In 20 European countries. Participants: A total of 34 993 (16 749 men, 18 244 women) European adults. Measures: Data were from the 2014 European Social Survey (n = 34 993) on 4 modifiable behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, not drinking alcohol to excess, and not smoking) as well as sleep quality. Analysis: Behaviors were combined and formed a healthy lifestyle measure. Binary logistic regression was done to determine associations of healthy lifestyle and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Only 5.8% of the adults reported a healthy lifestyle. The prevalence of having a healthy lifestyle varied among European countries. The lowest rates were in Hungary (1.3%) and Czech Republic (1.9%). The highest rates were in United Kingdom (8.6%) and Finland (9.2%). Those who presented a higher likelihood of having a healthy lifestyle were middle age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.20), older people (OR = 1.34), having higher household income (OR = 1.33), being a student (OR = 1.38), and retired (OR = 1.31). Those less likely to have a healthy lifestyle were lived without a partner (OR = 0.82), unemployed (OR = 0.73), and lived in rural areas (OR = 0.86). Conclusions: Few European adults were practicing 5 healthy behaviors. This should be a message for governments and be considered in the establishment of preventive public policies in the areas of health and health education.

scholarly journals Weekly Training and Competitive Load of Junior Level Community Cricket Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Scott William Talpey ◽  
Emma Siesmaa ◽  
Peta White ◽  
Caroline F Finch
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weekly Training

ABSTRACT Purpose Understanding the participation habits of junior cricket players is needed to better inform injury prevention strategies in this sporting population. This investigation sought to describe the amount of training and competition undertaken by junior community level cricket players in a typical week. Materials and methods A cross-sectional survey with a 1 week recall was administered to 281 Australian junior community club cricket players aged 9 to 16 years. The number of training and competitive matches in the previous week and the number of contexts competed or trained in during that same week were determined. Results The majority of the surveyed cricketers participated in. 1 match during the previous week, with 10% reporting having participated in. 2 matches. More players from the under 16 years (U16) level others competed in. 2 matches in the previous week. Coinciding with the greater number of weekly participations in the older age group, 49% (CI: 9.60) of the U16 players reported also taking part in. 2 training sessions in the previous week. Overall, more players aged under 12 years (U12) (46%; CI: 31.6.57.6) reported not attending any cricket training in the previous week, than did older age groups (7% each). Moreover, 28% of U16 players reported also competing in an adult competition. Conclusion Older players had greater training and competitive loads than younger players. The number of competitive contexts across which junior players compete also increased with age. There is potential for heightened injury risk when training and match loads get too high, especially across playing contexts. How to cite this article Talpey SW, Siesmaa E, White P, Finch CF. Weekly Training and Competitive Load of Junior Level Community Cricket Players. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(4): 164-167.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI RESISTANCE TO CEFTRIAXONE IN ADULT INDOOR UTI POPULATION OF DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Ubed Ullah ◽  
Kiran Javed ◽  
Muhammad Asim Khan ◽  
Imran Ullah ◽  
Noor Ul Iman
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Escherichia coliresistance to ceftriaxone in UTIs is an emerging health problem.Our objectives were to determine prevalence, distribution and determinants of E. coliresistance to ceftriaxone in adult indoor UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 380 UTIs cases were selected from population at riskconsecutively.Sex and age groups were demographic, while presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was research variable. All variables were nominal.Prevalenceand distribution were analyzed by count, percentage and confidence intervals for proportion for population. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 380 patients with UTI, 136 (35.80%) were men,244(64.20%) women, 262 (68.95%) in age group 18-45 years and 118 (31.05%) in age group 46-65 years. Frequency/ prevalence of E. coli resistance was 287/380 (75.53%, 95%CI 71.20-79.85). Out of 287 patients with E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone, 101 (26.58%) were men and 186 (48.95%) women, 198 (52.11%) in age group 18-45 years and 89 (23.42%) in age group 46-65 years. Our prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected (p<.00001), our distribution by sex(p<.00125) and age groups (p<.00001) were different than expected. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex (p=.669333) and age groups (p=.975097). Conclusion:Prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan was alarmingly high 75.53%. Prevalence was more in women than men and more in younger age group (18-45 years) than older age group (46-60 years) population.Overall prevalence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was higher than expected. Distribution by sex showed higher prevalence than expected in men and lower than expected in women, and higher than expected in younger age group and lower than expected in older age group. Presence of E. coli resistance to ceftriaxone was not associated to sex and age groups respectively in adult UTI population of District Peshawar, Pakistan.

scholarly journals Marked reductions in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for children and adolescents – a population-based study covering 83% of the paediatric population, Germany, 2010 to 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Holstiege ◽  
Maike Schulz ◽  
Manas K Akmatov ◽  
Annika Steffen ◽  
Jörg Bätzing
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Prescription Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Prescription Rates

Background Prescribing of systemic antibiotics in general and of cephalosporins in particular in German paediatric outpatients has previously been reported to be higher than in other European countries. Aim Our objective was to assess recent trends in antibiotic prescribing in German children. Methods This study was conducted as consecutive annual cross-sectional analyses and included all children aged 0–14 years (n = 9,389,183 in 2018) covered by statutory health insurance in Germany. Annual antibiotic prescription rates from 2010 to 2018 were calculated for the age groups 0–1, 2–5, 6–9 and 10–14 years. Poisson regression was used to estimate trends of prescription rates by age group and antibiotic subgroup. Results Overall, the age-standardised antibiotic prescription rate decreased significantly by 43% from 746 prescriptions per 1,000 persons in 2010 to 428 per 1,000 in 2018 (p < 0.001). Reductions were most pronounced in the age groups 0–1 year (−50%) and 2–5 years (−44%). The age group 2–5 years exhibited the highest prescription rate with 683 per 1,000 in 2018 (0–1 year: 320/1,000; 6–9 years: 417/1,000; 10–14 years: 273/1,000). Cephalosporins (second and third generation) accounted for 32% of prescribed antibiotics. Conclusions Marked reductions in antibiotic prescribing during the last decade indicate a change towards more judicious paediatric prescribing habits. Compared with other European countries, however, prescribing of second- and third-generation cephalosporins remains high in Germany, suggesting frequent first-line use of these substances for common respiratory infections. Considerable regional variations underline the need for regionally targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Ten-year trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-il Kim ◽  
Eunjeong Ji ◽  
Jung-yeon Choi ◽  
Sun-wook Kim ◽  
Soyeon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe analyzed the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database to determine the trends of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea over the past 10 years. In addition, we tried to investigate the effect of chronic medical conditions on hypertension management. We investigated the hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rate from 2008 to 2017. KNHANES, which uses a stratified multistage sampling design, is a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey conducted by the Korean government. A total of 59,282 adults (≥ 20 years) were included, which was representative of the total population of around 40 million Koreans per year. The mean age was 50.7 ± 16.4 years and 42.6% were male. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity significantly increased over the 10 years. During this period, the hypertension treatment and control rate significantly improved. Hypertension treatment rate was significantly lower in the younger age group compared to the older age group, but the control rate among the treated patients was not significantly different between age groups. The treatment and control rates of hypertension were higher in patients with multimorbidity, which implies that it has a favorable effect on the treatment and control of hypertension. Hypertension treatment and control rate have improved over the past 10 years. The higher treatment and control rate in patients with multimorbidity suggest that the more aggressive surveillance might be associated with the improvement of hypertension treatment and control rate in Korea.

scholarly journals Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-030
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar ◽  
Pallak Arora ◽  
Manish Khatri ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

Social protests, discontent and politics in southern and eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Paz Campos Lima ◽  
Antonio Martín Artiles
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Social Protests

Taking into consideration the debate on the role of social movements and of trade unions in organising social protests, in the light of contentious and conventional politics, this article examines participation in demonstrations in Europe and the political attitudes of the participants. The article uses data from the European Social Survey to examine the differences and similarities between European countries in respect of mobilisation levels over the past decade, arguing that distrust and dissatisfaction with political institutions might be a necessary condition but not a sufficient one to justify resorting to contentious politics. The article reveals the contrasts between the levels of mobilisation in southern European countries (Portugal and Spain) and Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Hungary and Poland) and examines the patterns and (re)configuration of the profile of the protestors in the 2002–2014 period.

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Study of Cervical Length in Bangladeshi Cadaver

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Zubaida Gulshan Ara ◽  
ASM Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Umme Kulsum Sharmin Zaman ◽  
Anjuman Ara ◽  
Reeva Aireen Busreea
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Female Genital

This cross sectional descriptive study was done to see the length of the cervix in Bangladeshi cadaver to find out the anatomical variation and to compare it with other study findings. 60 post mortem specimens containing female genital organs particularly uterine cervix were collected by purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different age groups. All the collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. This study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. Both gross and fine dissections were performed to measure the length of the uterine cervix. We compare our study findings with that of the references. Maximum mean length of the cervix was found in the 13-45 years age group. It was 2.89 cm. CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 26-28

scholarly journals Use of the Consumer-Based Meditation App Calm for Sleep Disturbances: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huberty ◽  
Megan E Puzia ◽  
Linda Larkey ◽  
Michael R Irwin ◽  
Ana-Maria Vranceanu
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Waking Up

BACKGROUND Over 30% of Americans report regular sleep disturbance, and consumers are increasingly seeking strategies to improve sleep. Self-guided mindfulness mobile apps may help individuals improve their sleep. Despite the recent proliferation of sleep content within commercially available mindfulness apps, there is little research on how consumers are using these apps for sleep. OBJECTIVE We conducted a cross-sectional survey among subscribers to Calm, a popular, consumer-based, mindfulness-based meditation app, and described and compared how good sleepers, poor sleepers, and those with self-reported insomnia use the app for sleep. METHODS Participants who were paying subscribers of Calm and had used a sleep component of Calm in the last 90 days were invited to complete an investigator-developed survey that included questions about sleep disturbance and the use of Calm for sleep. Based on self-reports of sleep disturbances and of insomnia diagnosis, participants were categorized as “good sleepers,” “poor sleepers,” or “those with insomnia diagnosis.” Chi-square tests compared reasons for downloading the app and usage patterns across participants with and without sleep disturbance. RESULTS There was a total of 9868 survey respondents. Approximately 10% of participants (1008/9868, 10.21%) were good sleepers, 78% were poor sleepers (7565/9868, 77.66%), and 11% reported a diagnosis of insomnia (1039/9868, 10.53%). The sample was mostly White (8185/9797, 83.55%), non-Hispanic (8929/9423, 94.76%), and female (8166/9578, 85.26%). The most common reasons for sleep disturbances were racing thoughts (7084/8604, 82.33%), followed by stress or anxiety (6307/8604, 73.30%). Poor sleepers and those with insomnia were more likely than good sleepers to have downloaded Calm to improve sleep (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=1548.8, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), reduce depression or anxiety (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=15.5, <i>P</i>&lt;.001), or improve overall health (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=57.6, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Respondents with insomnia used Calm most often (mean 5.417 days/week, SD 1.936), followed by poor sleepers (mean 5.043 days/week, SD 2.027; <i>F</i><sub>2</sub>=21.544, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). The most common time to use Calm was while lying down to sleep (7607/9686, 78.54%), and bedtime use was more common among poor sleepers and those with insomnia (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=382.7, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Compared to good and poor sleepers, those with insomnia were more likely to use Calm after waking up at night (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=410.3, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Most participants tried to use Calm on a regular basis (5031/8597, 58.52%), but regular nighttime use was most common among those with insomnia (646/977, 66.1%), followed by poor sleepers (4040/6930, 58.30%; χ<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub>=109.3, <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Of the paying subscribers to Calm who have used one of the sleep components, approximately 90% have sleep difficulties, and 77% started using Calm primarily for sleep. These descriptive data point to areas of focus for continued refinement of app features and content, followed by prospective trials testing efficacy of consumer-based meditation mobile apps for improving sleep.

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