A Short DSM-III-R–Based Diagnostic Instrument for Screening Mental Disorders in Geriatric Institutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Isohanni ◽  
Ilkka Winblad ◽  
Pentti Nieminen ◽  
Pirkko Hiltunen ◽  
Michael Spalding
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Diagnostic Instrument

A screening instrument based on the DSM-III-R was developed in order to differentiate aged persons with or without a DSM-III-R mental disorder. The usefulness of this instrument was investigated in six geriatric institutions with 171 residents aged 65 to 93 years in Finland. The nursing staff independently rated the mental status of residents; researchers (a psychiatrist and general practitioner) made a diagnosis based on DSM-III-R criteria. The majority of the residents (mean 69%, varying from 33% to 84% in different institutions) had a DSM-III-R mental disorder. This screening instrument functioned well in differentiating residents without a mental disorder from those with DSM-III-R mental disorder: The nursing staff's agreement was 90%, kappa .71, sensitivity .90, and specificity .88. However, only half the cases of depression were diagnosed correctly: Sensitivity was .50 and specificity .95. With a more specific 9-class diagnostic instrument based mainly on DSM-III-R categories, agreement was only moderate (68%) and kappa .59. The instrument developed in this study seemed to be a useful screening method when applied by the staff, but accurate diagnostics require psychiatric knowledge, especially of depression.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN STATUS MENTAL PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI LEMBAGA KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL YAYASAN AL FAJAR BERSERI BEKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Nuram Mubina ◽  
Kristi Candra Rafika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Keywords Schizophrenia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Behavior

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that shows disruption in cognitive function (mind) in the form of disorganization, Schizophrenia attacks at productive age and is the most dominant mental disorder compared to other mental disorders. An assessment of the mental status of schizophrenic patients is done to find out how emotional and psychomotor levels and behavior. Mental rehabilitation institutions are the main place for schizophrenics. This report contains the mental status of Schizophrenic patients at the Al Fajar Berseri Foundation. The subjects in this study consisted of two respondents. Data collection uses interview and observation techniques. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The conclusion of the study is the cause of schizophrenia, namely environmental factors such as stress due to stress caused by the environment, psychological such as inability to solve problems internally. Keywords: Schizophrenia, mental status Skizofrenia merupakan kelainan jiwa yang menunjukkan gangguan dalam fungsi kognitif (pikiran) berupa disorganisasi, skizofrenia menyerang pada usia produktif dan merupakan gangguan jiwa yang paling mendominasi dibandingkan gangguan jiwa lainnya. Pengkajian pada status mental pasien Skizofrenia dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat dan perilaku emosi serta psikomotor. Panti rehabilitasi mental menjadi tempat yang utama untuk para penderita skizofrenia. Laporan ini berisi tentang status mental pasien Skizofrenia di Yayasan Al Fajar Berseri. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan Observasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penyebab skizofrenia yaitu faktor lingkungan seperti stress akibat tekanan yang disebabkan oleh lingkungan, psikologis seperti ketidakmampuan dalam pemecahan masalah secara internal. Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, status mental

Mental Disorders Among Maori Attending Their General Practitioner

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John Bushnell ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Specific Factors

Objective: This paper identifies rates of common mental disorders among Maori and non-Maori consulting a general practitioner (GP), and explores the association between ethnicity and social and material deprivation. Method: Survey of GPs and their patients. Participants were randomly selected GPs (n = 70), and their patients (n = 3414, of whom a subset of 786 form the basis of this paper). The main comparison is between self-identified ethnicity, mental disorder assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and social and material deprivation measured by NZDep2001 (an area based measure), and an individualized index of deprivation. Results: Rates of mental disorder among Maori general practice attenders were higher than among non-Maori. Overall, Maori women attenders were twice as likely as non-Maori women attenders to have a diagnosable mental disorder. The rates of anxiety, depressive and substance use disorders were all higher for Maori than for others attending GPs. Treatment for psychological problems was offered by the GP at similar rates to both Maori and non-Maori. Although there were differences between Maori and non-Maori in terms of social and material deprivation, higher rates of mental disorder among Maori attending GPs compared to non-Maori cannot be accounted for by these differences alone. Conclusions: These findings support the view that whilst social and material deprivation may play a role in the high rates of mental disorders among Maori general practice attenders, there are additional ethnicity-specific factors involved. Interventions to address Maori mental health (whether by reducing risk factors for mental disorder, by promoting disclosure, early recognition and intervention, or by ensuring access to acceptable and effective treatments) may need to explicitly take those factors into account.

scholarly journals Impact of arthritis on the perceived need and use of mental healthcare among Canadians with mental disorders: nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041371
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta ◽  
Deborah Da Costa ◽  
Joseph H Puyat ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having arthritis and the perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support among individuals with mental disorders.DesignA cross-sectional analysis using data from Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health (2012).SettingThe survey was administered across Canada’s 10 provinces using multistage cluster sampling.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of individuals reporting depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder.Study variables and analysisThe explanatory variable was self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and outcomes were perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support. We computed overall and gender-stratified multivariable binomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income and geographical region.ResultsAmong 1774 individuals with a mental disorder in the study sample, 436 (20.4%) reported having arthritis. Arthritis was associated with increased odds of having a perceived need for mental healthcare (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). In the gender-stratified models, this association was increased among men (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.49) but not women (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.82). Evaluation of the association between arthritis and use of mental health support resulted in an aOR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.89 to 2.51). Individuals with arthritis tended to use medications and professional services as opposed to non-professional support.ConclusionComorbid arthritis among individuals with a mental disorder was associated with an increased perceived need for mental healthcare, especially in men, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of masculinity in health seeking. Assessing the mental health of patients with arthritis continues to be essential for clinical care.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

scholarly journals Architecture and Mental Disorders: A Systematic Study of Peer-Reviewed Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097376
Author(s):  
Mais M. Aljunaidy ◽  
Mohamad Nadim Adi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physical Environments

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.

scholarly journals Between Punishment and Care: Autonomous Offenders Who Commit Crimes Under the Influence of Mental Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hartvigsson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Involuntary Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Psychiatric Institutions

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a solution to a problem that arises from the fact that people who commit crimes under the influence of serious mental disorders may still have a capacity to refuse treatment. Several ethicists have argued that the present legislation concerning involuntary treatment of people with mental disorder is discriminatory and should change to the effect that psychiatric patients can refuse care on the same grounds as patients in somatic care. However, people with mental disorders who have committed crimes and been exempted from criminal responsibility would then fall outside the scope of criminal justice as well as that of the psychiatric institutions if they were to refuse care. In this paper, I present and develop a solution to how society should deal with this group of people, called Advance criminal responsibility. The basic idea being that if a person with a potentially responsibility exempting psychiatric condition refuses care, that person is responsible for any future criminal acts which are due to the mental disorder.

scholarly journals Latent profiles of early developmental vulnerabilities in a New South Wales child population at age 5 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 530-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J Green ◽  
Stacy Tzoumakis ◽  
Kristin R Laurens ◽  
Kimberlie Dean ◽  
Maina Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
New South ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Parental History ◽  
South Wales ◽  
History Of

Objective: Detecting the early emergence of childhood risk for adult mental disorders may lead to interventions for reducing subsequent burden of these disorders. We set out to determine classes of children who may be at risk for later mental disorder on the basis of early patterns of development in a population cohort, and associated exposures gleaned from linked administrative records obtained within the New South Wales Child Development Study. Methods: Intergenerational records from government departments of health, education, justice and child protection were linked with the Australian Early Development Census for a state population cohort of 67,353 children approximately 5 years of age. We used binary data from 16 subdomains of the Australian Early Development Census to determine classes of children with shared patterns of Australian Early Development Census–defined vulnerability using latent class analysis. Covariates, which included demographic features (sex, socioeconomic status) and exposure to child maltreatment, parental mental illness, parental criminal offending and perinatal adversities (i.e. birth complications, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight), were examined hierarchically within latent class analysis models. Results: Four classes were identified, reflecting putative risk states for mental disorders: (1) disrespectful and aggressive/hyperactive behaviour, labelled ‘misconduct risk’ ( N = 4368; 6.5%); (2) ‘pervasive risk’ ( N = 2668; 4.0%); (3) ‘mild generalised risk’ ( N = 7822; 11.6%); and (4) ‘no risk’ ( N = 52,495; 77.9%). The odds of membership in putative risk groups (relative to the no risk group) were greater among children from backgrounds of child maltreatment, parental history of mental illness, parental history of criminal offending, socioeconomic disadvantage and perinatal adversities, with distinguishable patterns of association for some covariates. Conclusion: Patterns of early childhood developmental vulnerabilities may provide useful indicators for particular mental disorder outcomes in later life, although their predictive utility in this respect remains to be established in longitudinal follow-up of the cohort.

The impact of stigma and discrimination on the quality of life and social disability in persons with a diagnosis of mental disorder. A pilot study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S571-S571
Author(s):  
T.M. Gondek ◽  
K. Kotowicz ◽  
A. Kiejna
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Social Disability ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
The Impact

Stigma and discrimination of persons diagnosed with mental disorder is a common issue. In many European countries, research studies on the prevalence and implications of this problem are conducted in order to better understand how to overcome it. In Poland, there is a scarcity of such studies, what results in neglecting this issue by the policy makers. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of stigma and discrimination affecting the patients hospitalized in psychiatric day units and in-patient wards between 2016–2017 as well as to analyze the relationship between the stigma and the quality of life and social disability in persons with a mental disorder diagnosis of F20–F48 according to ICD-10, aged 18–65, in a day ward and an in-patient ward settings. The pilot study presents the data gathered from a preliminary sample of 20 patients of both genders diagnosed with the aforementioned mental disorders, equaling 10 per cent of the targeted total study sample. The quality of life is assessed with WHOQOL-Bref, WHO-5 questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem scale, while social disability is measured with the second version of the Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule. The assessment of the impact of stigma on the social disability of persons with mental disorders and their quality of life can be useful in the context of developing evidence-based interventions for these persons, while it could also provide the scientific data to support public information campaigns aiming at tackling the stigma against persons with mental disorders in Poland.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Natural kinds of mental disorder

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Werkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Socially Constructed

AbstractAre mental disorders (autism, ADHD, schizophrenia) natural kinds or socially constructed categories? What is at stake if either of these views prove to be true? This paper offers a qualified defence for the view that there may be natural kinds of mental disorder, but also that the implications of this claim are generally overestimated. Especially concerns about over-inclusiveness of diagnostic categories and medicalisation of abnormal behaviour are not addressed by the debate. To arrive at these conclusions the paper opens with a discussion of kind formation in science, followed by an analysis of natural kinds. Seven principled and empirically informed objections to the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder are considered and rejected. The paper ends with a reflection on diagnostics of mental health problems that don’t fall into natural kinds. Despite the defence of the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder, this is likely to be the majority of cases.

What does low psychological distress mean in patients with no mental disorders and different pains of the musculoskeletal system?

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brinkers ◽  
Giselher Pfau ◽  
Wolfgang Ritz ◽  
Frank Meyer ◽  
Moritz Kretzschmar
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Pain Management Program ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study is to define the different levels of psychological distress in patients suffering from pain and functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Methods This investigation was conducted as a retrospective study of 60 patients randomly selected of a German specialized orthopaedic hospital within the year 2016, whose therapeutic approaches are based on a non-surgical orthopaedic multimodal approach of manual therapy. All patients were suffering from pain and functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Two groups were formed: one without and one with additional mental disorders according to ICD-10. The impairment score (ISS) according to Schepank was determined. Results The somatic sub score of the ISS was the highest sub score in both patient groups. The cumulative value of the ISS score of patients with both a mental disorder and pain in the musculoskeletal system was higher than for patients without concomitant mental disorder. For patients without concomitant mental disorder, the cumulative ISS exceeded the test criteria for mentally healthy individuals. Conclusions Patients without mental disorder but with chronic pain of the locomotoric system receive a psychological pain management program, as it is part of the billing code OPS 8-977 to the health insurance companies in Germany. However, the data show that these patients also have a substantial somatic subscore and a cumulative ISS above the level of healthy individuals. The absence of psychological disorders (according to ICD-10) in patients with pain of the musculoskeletal system should not lead to the assumption that these patients are psychologically inconspicuous. Subsyndromal mental findings (below ICD-10) can be one aspect of a mental disorder presenting with primarily somatic symptoms. In this case, patients would benefit from a psychotherapeutic program in a similar way as the patients with mental disorders according to ICD-10.

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