scholarly journals Invasive Species and Biosecurity: Cost of Monitoring and Controlling Mediterranean Fruit Flies in Florida

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Pierre ◽  
Thomas H. Spreen ◽  
Charles B. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Intentional Introduction

The growing movement of people and goods that started in the closing years of the twentieth century has increased the possibility of the accidental or intentional introduction of biohazards that can affect agricultural production in the United States. This study examines the ex ante decision between the deployment of monitoring devices (traps) versus the use of countermeasures to control Mediterranean fruit flies in Florida. To examine this tradeoff, this study outlines a mathematical model to study the effectiveness of traps and the cost of treatment. The empirical results presented in this study indicate that additional parameterization efforts are needed.

An Economic Evaluation of Tofacitinib Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Modeling the Cost of Treatment Strategies in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1092-1106
Author(s):  
Lindsay Claxton ◽  
Michelle Jenks ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Gene Wallenstein ◽  
Alan M. Mendelsohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Применение экологического блока критериальных ограничений в экономико-математическом моделировании органического производства в АПК

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Voronkova ◽  
I. N. Sycheva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Parallel Optimization ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model

<p>The article presents a method of parallel optimization of structure of sowing areas for the calculation of economic-mathematical models. There models could be applied for traditional and oriented way towards organic production the land use system, characterized by the introduction of an additional unit of environmental criteria restrictions. We supposed that the provision of land suitable for organic production, gross production volume of organic products and the cost of its production. Based on the proposed methodology, the mathematical model proved its effectiveness of the functioning of the zonal agricultural ecosystem "Foothills of Altai". We calculated that the turnover of land suitable for organic production and the level of profitability was of 39.7% against 17.3% at optimization of the structure of sown areas under traditional agricultural production that was subject to full involvement in production of agricultural production.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Invasive potential of tropical fruit flies in temperate regions under climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Markus Neteler ◽  
David Maxwell Suckling ◽  
José Ricardo Cure
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Holistic Understanding

AbstractTropical fruit flies are considered among the most economically important invasive species detected in temperate areas of the United States and the European Union. Detections often trigger quarantine and eradication programs that are conducted without a holistic understanding of the threat posed. Weather-driven physiologically-based demographic models are used to estimate the geographic range, relative abundance, and threat posed by four tropical tephritid fruit flies (Mediterranean fruit fly, melon fly, oriental fruit fly, and Mexican fruit fly) in North and Central America, and the European-Mediterranean region under extant and climate change weather (RCP8.5 and A1B scenarios). Most temperate areas under tropical fruit fly propagule pressure have not been suitable for establishment, but suitability is predicted to increase in some areas with climate change. To meet this ongoing challenge, investments are needed to collect sound biological data to develop mechanistic models to predict the geographic range and relative abundance of these and other invasive species, and to put eradication policies on a scientific basis.

scholarly journals An Economic Evaluation of Tofacitinib Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Modeling the Cost of Treatment Strategies in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Claxton ◽  
Michelle Jenks ◽  
Matthew Taylor ◽  
Gene Wallenstein ◽  
Alan M. Mendelsohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals ВАРТІСТЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДІТЯМ З ХРОНІЧНИМИ ДЕРМАТОЗАМИ

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Holyachenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
The Cost

According to the developed mathematical model the cost of treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in children was determined. The incidence of this disease and cost of treating are increasing, which makes the urgency of the problem.

Future Needs in Weed Science

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. McWhorter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Direct Competition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

Losses due to weeds in the United States and the cost of their control are now more than $20 billion annually (35). Of this total, $13 billion represents a 10% annual loss in agricultural production that includes not only the direct competition of weeds to reduce crop yields but also the reduced quality of produce, livestock losses, and increased cost of fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting, grain drying, transportation, and storage. In addition, farmers spend more than $7.2 billion to control weeds each year. About 43% of the expenditures to control weeds is the retail cost of herbicides, $3.1 billion, in 1980 (15). The value of herbicides sold in 1984 will probably be about 15% higher than in 1980. An additional $4.1 billion represents the cost of tillage and hand labor required for weed control (35). The total loss of over $20 billion represents an indirect annual weed tax of about $85 on each individual living in the United States.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

Use of cold tolerant eucalyptus species as a partial replacement for southern mixed hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DALE E. NUTTER
Keyword(s):  
Potential Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operational Data

During the last several years, the increasing cost and decreasing availability of mixed southern hardwoods have resulted in financial and production difficulties for southern U.S. mills that use a significant percentage of hardwood kraft pulp. Traditionally, in the United States, hardwoods are not plantation grown because of the growth time required to produce a quality tree suitable for pulping. One potential method of mitigating the cost and supply issues associated with the use of native hardwoods is to grow eucalyptus in plantations for the sole purpose of producing hardwood pulp. However, most of the eucalyptus species used in pulping elsewhere in the world are not capable of surviving in the southern U.S. climate. This study examines the potential of seven different cold-tolerant eucalyptus species to be used as replacements for, or supplements to, mixed southern hardwoods. The laboratory pulping and bleaching aspects of these seven species are discussed, along with pertinent mill operational data. Selected mill trial data also are reviewed.

The Unusual Cruelty of Nursing Homes Behind Bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Rachel E. López
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
The Cost

The elderly prison population continues to rise along with higher rates of dementia behind bars. To maintain the detention of this elderly population, federal and state prisons are creating long-term care units, which in turn carry a heavy financial burden. Prisons are thus gearing up to become nursing homes, but without the proper trained staff and adequate financial support. The costs both to taxpayers and to human dignity are only now becoming clear. This article squarely addresses the second dimension of this carceral practice, that is the cost to human dignity. Namely, it sets out why indefinitely incarcerating someone with dementia or other neurocognitive disorders violates the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution’s prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment. This conclusion derives from the confluence of two lines of U.S. Supreme Court precedent. First, in Madison v. Alabama, the Court recently held that executing someone (in Madison’s case someone with dementia) who cannot rationally understand their sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment. Second, in line with Miller v. Alabama, which puts life without parole (LWOP) sentences in the same class as death sentences due to their irrevocability, this holding should be extended to LWOP sentences. Put another way, this article explains why being condemned to life is equivalent to death for someone whose neurodegenerative disease is so severe that they cannot rationally understand their punishment.

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