Revisiting the First-Level Digital Divide in the United States: Gender and Race/Ethnicity Patterns, 2007–2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Racial Divide

With the narrowing of Internet access divide, researchers have focused on Internet usage, taking for granted access issues. However, questions remain regarding who has Internet access in the United States: What is the status of the racial divide? Is there still a gender divide? How do Latinos compare to other racial and ethnic minority groups? How does gender intersect with race and ethnicity? I analyze nationally representative data to compare Internet access among adults from 2007 to 2012. I find that women are more likely to report having Internet access than men. Blacks and Latinos are equally likely to report having Internet access, and both groups are less likely to report having Internet access than Whites. Finally, Black men exhibited the greatest increase in access. This research complements Internet usage studies with a recent assessment of Internet access trends, important trends to monitor as policies and technological innovations aim for universal access.

Digital Government and the Digital Divide

2008 ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Richard Groper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
American People ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Racial Divide

There seems to be a consensus among scholars and pundits that the lack of access to the Internet among African-Americans and Latinos has created a digital divide in the United States. The digital divide has negatively affected the ability of minority groups to accumulate social capital . This study compares Internet access rates in California and the United States in order to test the premise that race is the primary influence upon Internet access. In California, the data explicitly depicts a stronger relationship between Internet access and education and income than it does with Internet access and race.1 Across the United States, the results are not as stark. However, education and income are increasingly becoming important variables. The policy implications of this study are dramatic . Since most governmental and non-profit efforts in the United States have put resources and money into decreasing the racial divide, this study suggests that at least some of those resources should be shifted to alleviating the educational and economic discrepancies that exist among the American people.

Digital Government and the Digital Divide

2011 ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Groper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
American People ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Racial Divide

There seems to be a consensus among scholars and pundits that the lack of access to the Internet among African-Americans and Latinos has created a digital divide in the United States. The digital divide has negatively affected the ability of minority groups to accumulate social capital . This study compares Internet access rates in California and the United States in order to test the premise that race is the primary influence upon Internet access. In California, the data explicitly depicts a stronger relationship between Internet access and education and income than it does with Internet access and race.1 Across the United States, the results are not as stark. However, education and income are increasingly becoming important variables. The policy implications of this study are dramatic . Since most governmental and non-profit efforts in the United States have put resources and money into decreasing the racial divide, this study suggests that at least some of those resources should be shifted to alleviating the educational and economic discrepancies that exist among the American people.

Racial Sentiment and Public Support for Arming Teachers with Guns in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 215336872110389
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Baranauskas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Racial Issue ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Negative Feelings

In the effort to prevent school shootings in the United States, policies that aim to arm teachers with guns have received considerable attention. Recent research on public support for these policies finds that African Americans are substantially less likely to support them, indicating that support for arming teachers is a racial issue. Given the racialized nature of support for punitive crime policies in the United States, it is possible that racial sentiment shapes support for arming teachers as well. This study aims to determine the association between two types of racial sentiment—explicit negative feelings toward racial/ethnic minority groups and racial resentment—and support for arming teachers using a nationally representative data set. While explicit negative feelings toward African Americans and Hispanics are not associated with support for arming teachers, those with racial resentments are significantly more likely to support arming teachers. Racial resentment also weakens the effect of other variables found to be associated with support for arming teachers, including conservative ideology and economic pessimism. Implications for policy and research are discussed.

Local Origins: Context, Group Identity, and Politics of Place

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 960-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
Politics Of Place ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Registered Voters

In-group identity is particularly important in understanding political behavior among minority populations living in the United States. Despite its importance, we know relativity little about what explains variation in perceptions of group identity among U.S.-based minority groups. I develop a theoretical framework drawing extensively for social identity theory to explain development of in-group identities among Latinos in the United States. I suggest the availability of neighborhood-level ethnic stimuli increases the likelihood that Latinos will come to see themselves a part of pan-ethnic group rather than a unique individual. I use the 2008 Collaborative Multi-Racial Political Survey (CMPS), a nationally representative public opinion poll of registered voters with oversamples of Latino respondents. I find that the availability of ethnic stimuli positively associates with stronger perceptions of group identity among Latinos. Latinos who live in contexts rich with ethnic stimuli and cues are more likely to adopt in-group identities than those who live in environments lacking ethnically salient resources.

scholarly journals Disparate access to nutritional food; place, race and equity in the United States

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garett Sansom ◽  
Bryce Hannibal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Organic Foods ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Prior research has demonstrated minority communities have fewer options to access healthy foods when compared to their majority counterparts. While much focus has been placed upon community-level resources, little research has been placed on the efforts that minority groups need to undergo to reach well-stocked stores to purchase healthy food options. Methods As part of the Water, Energy, Food Nexus Research Group at Texas A&M University, a nationally representative survey (n = 1612) was conducted to acquire self-reported distance, time, and motives that certain populations must travel to purchase food for themselves and their families. Results Findings suggest that minority populations consider saving money, driving less, having a better selection of foods, and have the ability to buy organic foods as an important factor when choosing where to buy foods. Further, minority populations across the nation need to drive a significantly greater (p < 0.05) amount of time to reach their destinations than white populations. Conclusion This underscores the importance, and scope of the issues, of promoting and implementing more equitably distributed opportunities to purchase healthy food options throughout the United States.

The Digital Divide in the U.S. in the 21st Century

2010 ◽  
pp. 112-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney Warf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Racial Inequalities ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

The United States has the world’s largest national population of Internet users, roughly 170 million people, or 70% of the adult population. However, the deep class and racial inequalities within the U.S. are mirrored in access to cyberspace. This chapter examines the nature of the U.S. digital divide, differentiating between Internet access and usage, using data from 1995 to 2005. Although Internet usage has grown among all sociodemographic groups, substantial differences by income and ethnicity persist. The chapter also examines discrepancies in access to broadband technologies.

Gender Difference in the Motivations of Mobile Internet Usage

2007 ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
S. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Systems Professionals ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Mobile Handset

The rapid pace of adoption of Web-enabled mobile handsets in worldwide markets has become an increasingly important issue for information systems professionals. A recent survey indicates that the number of global mobile Internet adopters is expected to reach nearly 600 million by 2008 (Ipsos-Insight, 2004; Probe Group, 2004), while the number of Internet-connected mobile phones will exceed the number of Internet-connected PCs by 2005 (The Economist, 2001). Such drastic convergence of the Internet and the mobile handset has been led by Asian and Scandinavian countries, where penetration has been especially meteoric. For example, roughly 70 million people in Japan, or 55% of the population, have signed up for mobile Internet access, in comparison to 12% in the United States (Faiola, 2004; Greenspan, 2003). Consequently, mobile phones or Keitai have been converted into devices for surfing the Internet, and by 2004 monthly mobile spending per consumer exceeded 35 euro.

Epilogue

Latin Jazz ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Christopher Washburne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Duke Ellington ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin Jazz ◽  
Racial Divide ◽  
North And South ◽  
National Borders

This chapter serves as the epilogue and offers a new conception of jazz and Latin jazz that embraces a rhizomic model accentuating the entanglement of the histories of the Caribbean and the Americas (North and South) and how all manifestations of jazz/Latin jazz are intercultural, transnational, and multivocal at their core. Conceived of in this way, Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong, Tito Puente, Machito, Mario Bauzá, Dizzy Gillespie, Chano Pozo, and every other musician discussed in this book are unified and interconnected on the most fundamental and foundational level. The music is a product of the black, brown, tan, mulatto, beige, and white experience throughout the Americas and the Caribbean. By paying tribute to and celebrating the diversity of culture, experience, and perspectives that are foundational to jazz, the music’s legacy is shown to transcend far beyond stylistic distinction, national borders, and the imposition of the black/ white racial divide that has only served to maintain the status quo in the United States.

Social Capital, Social Cost, and Relational Culture in Three Societies

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-462
Author(s):  
Lijun Song
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

Does who you know in the status hierarchy satisfy or dissatisfy your life? Does that effect vary by culture and society? To addresses these two questions, this study applies four theories and analyzes the association between accessed status (network members’ status) and life satisfaction using nationally representative retrospective data from three societies (the United States, urban China, and Taiwan). Social capital theory expects absolute and relative higher accessed status (network members’ higher status relative to individuals’) to improve life satisfaction and relative lower accessed status to diminish life satisfaction. Social cost theory asserts the opposite. The collectivistic advantage explanation anticipates social capital theory to apply more to urban China and Taiwan than social cost theory and social cost theory to apply more to the United States than social capital theory. The collectivistic disadvantage explanation predicts the opposite. This study measures nine indicators of absolute and relative accessed status on the occupational dimension and six domain-specific satisfactions. Results support both social capital theory and social cost theory in all three societies. There is tentative evidence for the collectivistic disadvantage explanation across the three societies. Theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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