Precision and personalized assessment, diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis ◽  
Stephen M. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
And Biological Markers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Personalized Psychiatry ◽  
Radical Shift ◽  
And Personalized Medicine

Abstract “Precision medicine” and “personalized medicine” constitute goals of research since antiquity and this was intensified with the arrival of the “evidence-based medicine.” precision and personalized psychiatry (3P) when achieved will constitute a radical shift in our paradigm and it will be even more transformative than in other fields of medicine. The biggest problems so far are the problematic definition of mental disorder, available treatments seem to concern broad categories rather than specific disorders and finally clinical predictors of treatment response or side effects and biological markers do not exist. Precision and personalized psychiatry like all precision medicine will be a laborious and costly task; thus the partnership of scientists with industry and the commercialization of new methods and technologies will be an important element for success. The development of an appropriate legal framework which will both support development and progress but also will protect the rights and the privacy of patients and their families is essential.

Rights of the Child

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of

The chapter commences with the change in the perspective and approach relating to children from welfare to rights approach. It then deals with the legal definition of child in India under various laws. It gives a brief overview of the present legal framework in India. It states briefly the various policies and plans, and programmes of the Government of India related to children. International law on the rights of the child is enumerated and a summary of the important judgments by Indian courts are also included. The chapter ends with pointing out the role of civil society organizations in dealing with the rights of the child and a mention of challenges ahead.

A critical examination of the regulation of Ponzi scheme in Mauritius

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393-1400
Author(s):  
Valerie Uppiah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Financial Crime ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ponzi Scheme ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Mechanism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the regulation of the financial crime of Ponzi scheme in Mauritius. Contrary to money laundering which has a legal framework to combat it, for Ponzi scheme, there is no specific legal mechanism to combat this particular financial crime. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to provide for an analysis of Ponzi scheme which includes, inter alia, the definition of a Ponzi scheme, its modus operandi and how it should be tackled. Focus will be placed on devising a specific legal framework for it in Mauritius. Design/methodology/approach The research method used to conduct this research and write this paper is a black letter legal research method. An analysis of several laws and cases is carried out so as to provide for the legal background of the research. Findings The investigation conducted in this paper will lead to the conclusion that Mauritius has to devise a law which will specifically combat Ponzi schemes. This law shall provide for the ways to counter this financial crime as well as the duties of the various financial supervisory bodies. Originality/value The paper provides for an analysis of the operation of Ponzi scheme in the Mauritian context. The paper also examines the existing legal framework that combats this financial crime in Mauritius and highlights its strengths and weaknesses.

scholarly journals Primary neural leprosy: systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Garbino ◽  
Wilson Marques Jr ◽  
Jaison Antonio Barreto ◽  
Carlos Otto Heise ◽  
Marcia Maria Jardim Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Nerve Biopsy ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Based Medicine

The authors proposed a systematic review on the current concepts of primary neural leprosy by consulting the following online databases: MEDLINE, Lilacs/SciELO, and Embase. Selected studies were classified based on the degree of recommendation and levels of scientific evidence according to the “Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine”. The following aspects were reviewed: cutaneous clinical and laboratorial investigations, i.e. skin clinical exam, smears, and biopsy, and Mitsuda's reaction; neurological investigation (anamnesis, electromyography and nerve biopsy); serological investigation and molecular testing, i.e. serological testing for the detection of the phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-I) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and treatment (classification criteria for the definition of specific treatment, steroid treatment, and cure criteria).

Macau’s legal identity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-354
Author(s):  
Jean A. Berlie
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Matrix Formulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Legal Identity ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – The Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) has a unique identity. This study is based on a long period of research undertaken between 1995 and 2014. Permanent residents, the Chinese of Macau and all other MSAR residents constitute a body of model “citizens” which makes their legal identity understandable in the MSAR’s present social and economic context. Macau’s legal identity is based on centuries of trade and commerce. In Article 5 of the first chapter (I-5) of the MSAR’s Basic Law, the “way of life” in Macau’s society and economy are recognized as part of the MSAR’s legal framework. However, social change may play an important role in Macau’s development. The purpose of this paper is to look at the legal corpus as though it was a physical body with rights and duties, but also capabilities based on the nationality and residence statuses of its citizens, its companies and other entities (which will be studied more specifically in following articles). Design/methodology/approach – This study has used the combined approaches of fieldwork carried out between 2010 and 2015, interviews, and questionnaires. Findings – Way of life and the concept of One Country, Two Systems are key points that contribute to Macau’s contemporary identity. Way of life in the Basic Law constitutes a complex matrix formulation based on a series of particular facts and cultural traits, which leads to a better legal definition of important concepts such as nationality and residency in the particular case of Macau. The Basic Law is the constitutional law of the MSAR, but “Chineseness” still dominates the locals’ identity from day to day. More than 65 percent of the interviewees in the survey asserted their “Chineseness.” However, both Chinese and Portuguese, will continue to be official languages of Macau until 2049. The MSAR’s Chinese society speaks Cantonese and increasingly Putonghua, but it does not seem concerned by communicating using the Portuguese language. Clayton’s thesis emphasized the “unique cultural identity” of the MSAR and wrote that what made the Chinese of Macau “different from other Chinese, is the existence of a Portuguese state on Chinese soil.” Portuguese cultural tolerance is not mentioned, but it is a historical fact that has influenced Macau’s legal identity. The MSAR’s government has done its best to harmonize Macau’s multicultural society and it has particularly protected the Sino-Portuguese way of life in Macau. Practical implications – To apply the law and maintain the existing harmony in its society and economy, legal actions have had to be taken by the Macau government and courts. The courts of the MSAR are structured in three levels and have final powers of adjudication, except in very narrow political areas. The judicial system includes the following courts, from the highest to the lowest: the Court of Final Appeal, the Court of Second Instance and the Court of First Instance (Tribunal de Primeira Instância). Originality/value – This research is unique inasmuch as studies of legal identities focussed on large regions such as the MSAR of China are rare.

scholarly journals International Status of Environmental Migrants

Eudaimonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Ana Zdravković
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
International Protection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Status ◽  
Special Protection

In the light of the current migration crisis, there is an increasing need for examining main causes of migrations. This paper contains a conceptual analysis of the notion “environmental migrants”, a newly established category of persons being in a need of specific international protection. Following the elaboration on two empirical examples supporting the fact that this is indeed an ongoing and contemporary problem at international scene, the author considers whether proposed terms are able to appropriately address the group in question, thus putting forward a definition of the concept, as these are regarded as initial steps towards creating a distinct legal framework and an adequate protection of such particularly vulnerable group. Additionally, the second part of the paper is revealing some of the present-day international legal mechanisms which might serve as a solution to this problem, as well as several proposals de lege ferenda. Ultimately, it can be concluded that there is a need for special protection of those who migrate due to environmental factors, as well as that it is the common interest of the entire international community to tackle this problem before it is too late.

scholarly journals Open issues and perspectives of the present arrangements between FR of Yugoslavia and international financial institutions

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Pero Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
International Financial Institutions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Framework

The economic-financial relations with foreign countries and organizations and that is include transition of the Yugoslav politics and it is complex subject about characteristics of the actual arrangements of the FR Yugoslavia with international financial institutions and organizations and that is only one important part. But interrelations that processes is obviously for this article main subject are open questions and dealed with it a perspective of the future arrangements. We must take micro and macroeconomic measures dealed with problems of our society and economy that arrangements will be important factors of the development of the economic development. International Monetary Found is concluded that FR of Yugoslavia have a great successes in the reforms of macroeconomic policy and in the first part dealing with inflation and growth of the currency reserves and growth of the industry production. Dealing with new macroeconomic policy bring the results and new tax politics and liberalization of the tax policy an currency system at the beginning of this year. New framework of the privatization and definition of banking system there is create a new legal framework with goal of transformation economy to free market economy.

scholarly journals Problematics of regulatory definition of categories of persons and relevant services for medical support of police

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Liliya Andrush
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes the legal framework for the health care of police officers and their families. Three main models of providing police officers with health services (health insurance, budgetary, mixed) are outlined, and it is noted that Ukraine finances departmental health care institutions at the expense of budgetary funds and provides basic services that are free of charge. It is emphasized that the fundamental rules governing the relevant issues are contained in the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. Article 95 of this Law is analyzed, according to it the main categories of persons who are entitled to free medical care in the health care institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (police officers, their families - children 18 or 23 years of age in the study in higher education institutions, husband or wife) main forms, family members of the dead or missing police officers, police officers with disabilities in service). It is stated that such services are eligible for some categories of former police officers and their families. It is also about the legal provision of rehabilitation, sanitary and health resorts, wellness as well as recreation measures in departmental medical rehabilitation centers, sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and health institutions of different categories of police officers, their families. Various instructions and regulations are being analyzed to clarify the categories of persons applying for medical care, rehabilitation and recreation in departmental health care facilities, conditions for free rest, etc. The study also reveals a list of institutions that are part of the departmental health care system.

scholarly journals Income Tax: Genesis of Definition and Object of Accounting

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
G. BASHYROVA
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Income tax in many countries is one of the main sources of filling the public budget and levers of influence on the development of economic processes at the macro level. The income tax ensures the balance of economic interests of the state, legal entities and individuals and the avoidance of excessive tax pressure. The impact of European integration processes on the Ukrainian accounting system increases the relevance of the development of the organization and methods of accounting for income tax. The purpose of the article is to establish the main phases of the evolution of the concept of “income tax”, clarify its economic content and identify the characteristics as an object of accounting. The article examines the historical phases of the income tax evolution, taking into account amendments in the tax law in Ukraine. A review of interpretations of the concept of “income tax” by foreign and domestic scholars was made, to establish the three main approaches to its interpretation: as a direct tax paid by a business entity from the received profit; as an item of the company financial statement, informing concerned parties on the amount of the assessed and paid tax; as a company’s payment to the state for utilization of economic infrastructure and resources. The author’s definition of the concept of “income tax” is proposed, which contributes to the clarification of the accounting terminology. It is argued that income tax should be considered through the prism of the tax law and accounting standards. A comparison of treatment to income tax as an accounting object in the National Accounting Standard 17 “Tax Income” and International Accounting Standards 12 “Income Taxes” is made. Based on a study of the legal framework for the accounting of income tax, its main components are identified as an object of accounting.

scholarly journals Рыночной экономике – рыночные законы

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Konovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
World Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Ассоциация независимых российских семенных компаний (АНРСК) системно продвигает свою позицию на всех уровнях власти. Одним из самых основных вопросов в работе ассоциации на сегодняшний день остается приведение законодательной и нормативно-правовой базы в отвечающее и дающее развиваться отрасли русло. Цель работы: проанализировать современную законодательную и нормативно-правовую базу в сфере селекции и семеноводства овощных культур и выявить в ней проблемные области, требующие принятия соответствующих поправок. При анализе использовали абстрактно-логический метод, включающий совокупность приемов индукции и дедукции, анализа и синтеза, аналогии, сопоставлений, системно-структурный анализ, методы формализации, моделирования, прогнозирования. Обосновано, что только став конкурентоспособным, сельское хозяйство и отдельные его отрасли, могут получить часть мирового рынка, в котором сегодня по целому ряду отраслей Россия серьезно уступает другим государствам. Показана роль частных селекционных компаний, мировых зон товарного семеноводства и ассоциаций в формировании цивилизованного рынка семян овощных культур. Дается определение стран с европейской и американской моделью законодательной базы. Приводятся факты поддержки государством селекционных компаний за рубежом. Сделан вывод о том, что во всех странах, в которых работают селекционные и семеноводческие компании, со стороны государств системно создаются благоприятные условия для их развития. Поэтому, если сегодня в РФ ставятся задачи импортозамещения и создания экспортного потенциала, нужно объективно взглянуть на состояние отечественной селекции и семеноводства овощных культур, определить их путь развития и создать под это соответствующую законодательную и нормативно-правовую базу. Нужны грамотные системные профессиональные решения, соответствующие законодательные и нормативно-правовые акты, а также снижение административной нагрузки.The Association of independent Russian seed companies (AIRSC) systematically promotes its position at all levels of government. One of the most important issues in the work of the Association today is to bring the legislative and regulatory framework in line with the development of the industry. Objective: to analyze the current legislative and regulatory framework in the field of selection and seed production of vegetable crops and identify problem areas that require the adoption of appropriate amendments. The analysis used an abstract logical method that includes a set of methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy, comparisons, system-structural analysis, formalization, modeling, and forecasting. It is proved that only by becoming competitive, agriculture and some of its branches can get a part of the world market, in which today Russia is seriously inferior to other countries in a number of industries. The role of private breeding companies and world zones of commodity seed production and associations in the formation of a civilized market for vegetable seeds is shown. The definition of countries with the European and American model of the legal framework is given. The facts of state support for breeding companies abroad are given. It is concluded that in all countries where breeding and seed companies operate, favorable conditions for their development are systematically created by the States. Therefore, if today the tasks of import substitution and creation of export potential are set in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to take an objective look at the state of domestic selection and seed production of vegetable crops, determine their path of development and create an appropriate legislative and regulatory framework for this. We need competent system professional solutions, appropriate legislative and regulatory acts, and reducing the administrative burden.

Part V The Scope of Refugee Protection, Ch.45 Conflict Refugees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouters Cornelis (Kees)
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Human Suffering ◽  
Refugee Convention ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Dynamic Interpretation ◽  
Societal Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Armed conflicts have always been and still are major causes of refugee movements. They invariably cause human suffering, destroying State and societal structure and affecting the lives of civilian populations. While it is difficult to contest that people should not be returned to conflict, different thinking and practices are discernable in relation to the applicable legal framework for providing refugee protection to people displaced across borders by conflict. These discrepancies arise in part from the way in which conflicts are understood; the way in which the definition of a refugee in the Refugee Convention has been interpreted and applied; and in part from limitations in the definition itself. Recognizing ‘conflict refugees’ as refugees within the international legal framework requires an understanding of the dynamics of conflicts and a dynamic interpretation of the refugee definitions at global and regional levels.

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