Modeling psychological function in patients with schizophrenia with the PANSS: an international multi-center study

Abstract Background. The aim of the current study was to explore the changing interrelationships among clinical variables through the stages of schizophrenia in order to assemble a comprehensive and meaningful disease model. Methods. Twenty-nine centers from 25 countries participated and included 2358 patients aged 37.21 ± 11.87 years with schizophrenia. Multiple linear regression analysis and visual inspection of plots were performed. Results. The results suggest that with progression stages, there are changing correlations among Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factors at each stage and each factor correlates with all the others in that particular stage, in which this factor is dominant. This internal structure further supports the validity of an already proposed four stages model, with positive symptoms dominating the first stage, excitement/hostility the second, depression the third, and neurocognitive decline the last stage. Conclusions. The current study investigated the mental organization and functioning in patients with schizophrenia in relation to different stages of illness progression. It revealed two distinct “cores” of schizophrenia, the “Positive” and the “Negative,” while neurocognitive decline escalates during the later stages. Future research should focus on the therapeutic implications of such a model. Stopping the progress of the illness could demand to stop the succession of stages. This could be achieved not only by both halting the triggering effect of positive and negative symptoms, but also by stopping the sensitization effect on the neural pathways responsible for the development of hostility, excitement, anxiety, and depression as well as the deleterious effect on neural networks responsible for neurocognition.

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M216. ASSOCIATIONS OF EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS IN A COHORT OF HOMELESS OR PRECARIOUSLY HOUSED PERSONS WITH OR WITHOUT SCHIZOPHRENIA

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa030.528 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S218-S218

Author(s):

David Kim ◽

Ric Procyshyn ◽

Lik Hang Lee ◽

William Panenka ◽

Olga Leonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Clinically Significant

Abstract Background There is considerable evidence supporting the association between extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, it is not well understood whether such an association exists in individuals without SCZ and how the association differs from those with SCZ. Our aim was to examine the associations of EPS with psychotic symptoms and compare them between SCZ and non-SCZ individuals. Methods We used data from a 10-year community-based study of homeless or precariously housed persons from Vancouver, Canada. Diagnosis of SCZ was made according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Severity of psychotic symptoms was rated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Severity of parkinsonism, dyskinesia, and dystonia was rated using the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), and akathisia using the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). Presence of EPS was defined as having at least moderate severity on the ESRS (i.e., ≥4 out of 8) or BARS (i.e., ≥3 out of 5) Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale. Absence of EPS was defined as scoring ≤2 on the ESRS or ≤1 on the BARS CGI-S scale. Two-way analysis of covariance was performed using SCZ and EPS as independent variables and PANSS five factors (i.e., positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization, excitement, and depression) as dependent variables, controlling for age, antipsychotic users, and cocaine- or methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed for both SCZ and non-SCZ groups, controlling for the same confounding variables, to examine 1) associations of the severity of EPS subtypes with PANSS factors and 2) whether the presence of multiple EPS subtypes would be associated with increased SCZ symptoms relative to the presence of a single subtype. Results A total of 223 participants were included in this study (mean age: 44.1 ± 12.0 years; 76.1% male). Eighty-four participants met the diagnosis of SCZ, of whom 39 met our criteria for having EPS and 32 for not having EPS. The remaining 139 participants were not diagnosed with SCZ, of whom 50 had EPS and 72 did not. None of the participants had clinically significant dystonia. Overall, significant main effects of EPS were found for total symptoms (F1,182 = 24.4, p < 0.001), negative symptoms (F1,182 = 16.3, p < 0.001), disorganization (F1,181 = 16.6, p < 0.001), and excitement (F1,182 = 15.8, p < 0.001), but not positive symptoms or depression. The presence of EPS was associated with greater total symptoms and disorganization in both SCZ and non-SCZ groups. Significant interaction effects between SCZ and EPS were found for negative symptoms (F1,182 = 6.0, p = 0.015) and excitement (F1,182 = 3.9, p = 0.050), where the presence of EPS was associated with greater negative symptoms and excitement in SCZ participants, but not in non-SCZ participants. Consistent in both SCZ and non-SCZ groups, there were significant positive associations of the severity of 1) parkinsonism with negative symptoms, 2) dyskinesia with disorganization and total symptoms, and 3) akathisia with excitement. The presence of multiple EPS subtypes, relative to a single subtype, was not associated with significant increases in any SCZ symptoms, except a significant increase in excitement in non-SCZ participants. Discussion The presence of EPS is clearly associated with greater symptoms of SCZ, even in individuals without SCZ. People with SCZ may experience greater negative symptoms and excitement as a result of EPS than those without SCZ. Subtypes of EPS are distinctively associated with factors of SCZ symptoms. Future studies should elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations.

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Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Intensi Masyarakat Menjadi Nasabah Bank Syariah Ditinjau Dari Planned Behaviour Theory (Survei Pada Masyarakat Kota Bekasi)

MASLAHAH (Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perbankan Syariah) ◽

10.33558/maslahah.v12i1.2631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Asep Sumaryo ◽

Purnama Putra

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Future Research ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Islamic Banks ◽

The People ◽

Planned Behavior Theory

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world of its 240 million people,88.2% are Muslims. Islamic banks exist because of the public's need for alternative transactions thatare interest-free. However, the growth of Islamic banks in Indonesia is still not optimal, one of thefactors is that people are still not enthusiastic about Islamic banks and the lack of intention of thepeople to become customers of Islamic banks. There are several factors that affect the intention interms of planned behavior theory, namely attitudes, subjective norms and perceptions of behaviorcontrol. So the research aims to determine the effect of attitudes, subjective norms and perceptionsof behavioral control on the intention of the people of Bekasi city to become customers in Islamicbanks. The research method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The data used are the results ofquestionnaires distributed to 12 districts in the city of Bekasi. The sample consisted of 132 people inBekasi city who were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Data were tested partially andsimultaneously. The data is processed using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) version22. The results of this study show partially that attitude variables have a positive and significant effect,subjective norm variables have a positive and significant effect, behavioral control perceptions have apositive but insignificant effect on intention to become a customer. Islamic Bank. Meanwhile, attitudes,subjective norms and perceived behavioral control simultaneously have a significant positive effect onthe intention to become a customer of Islamic banks. Future research is expected to expand the scopeof research, add variables and other factors and extend the research period.

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Impact of Obesity on Voriconazole Pharmacokinetics among Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00653-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Takuto Takahashi ◽

Angela R. Smith ◽

Pamala A. Jacobson ◽

James Fisher ◽

Nathan T. Rubin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Hematopoietic Cell Transplant ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Voriconazole (VCZ) is an antifungal agent with wide inter- and intrapatient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and narrow therapeutic index. Although obesity was associated with higher VCZ trough concentrations in adults, the impact of obesity had yet to be studied in children. We characterized the PK of VCZ in obese patients by accounting for age and CYP2C19 phenotype. We conducted intensive PK studies of VCZ and VCZ N-oxide metabolite in 44 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients aged 2 to 21 years who received prophylactic intravenous VCZ every 12 hours (q12h). Blood samples were collected at 5 and 30 minutes; at 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours after infusion completion; and immediately before the next infusion start. We estimated PK parameters with noncompartmental analysis and evaluated for an association with obesity by multiple linear regression analysis. The 44 participants included 9 (20%) with obesity. CYP2C19 metabolism phenotypes were identified as normal in 22 (50%), poor/intermediate in 13 (30%), and rapid/ultrarapid in 9 patients (21%). Obesity status significantly affects the VCZ minimum concentration of drug in serum (Cmin) (higher by 1.4 mg/liter; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0 to 2.8; P = 0.047) and VCZ metabolism ratio (VCZRATIO) (higher by 0.4; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.7; P = 0.03), while no association was observed with VCZ area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.09) after adjusting for clinical factors. A younger age and a CYP2C19 phenotype were associated with lower VCZ AUC. Obesity was associated with decreased metabolism of VCZ to its inactive N-oxide metabolite and, concurrently, increased VCZ Cmin, which is deemed clinically meaningful. Future research should aim to further characterize its effects and determine a proper dosing regimen for the obese.

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PENGARUH HARAPAN, KEPUASAN DAN SARANA FISIK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN (Studi kasus pada Usaha Jasa Warnet di Kudus)

BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen Islam ◽

10.21043/bisnis.v4i2.2689 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Ratna Yulia Wijayanti ◽

Irsad Andriyanto

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Consumer Loyalty ◽

Business Services ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Research Findings

This study aimed to examine the effect of variable expectations, satisfaction, and physical facilities on consumer loyalty in the cafe business services both partial and multiple. The independent variables in this study is the expectation, satisfaction, and physical facilities as well as the dependent variable is customer loyalty. Samples taken as many as 83 people with the sampling technique used was accidental sampling, data collection through interviews and questionnaire as well as documentation. As for processing the data using coding, editing and tabulatig and analysis using regression with t test and F-test using SPSS in data processing. By using the above analysis obtained by the research findings that the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that expectations, satisfaction, and physical facilities partially have a significant influence on customer loyalty. While jointly variable expectations, satisfaction, and physical facilities have a significant effect on customer loyalty by 87.2% ,. The implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed in this article.

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Factors Affecting the Demand for Mountain Biking at Putrajaya Challenge Park, Putrajaya

Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies ◽

10.26710/jbsee.v5i1.616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Nur Syuhada Che Ibrahim ◽

Syamsul Herman Mohammad Afandi ◽

Zaiton Samdin

Keyword(s):

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Technical Skills ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Difficulty Level ◽

Future Research ◽

Mountain Biking ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Special Events ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The popularity of Mountain Biking (MTB) in Malaysia is increasing.This adds to the demand for more cycling sites and special events for MTB. In line the growing demand, the Malaysian government encourages participation in active sports and recreation as a healthy lifestyle. One of the approaches is through the establishment of the Putrajaya Challenge Park (PCP). This study is conducted at PCP, one of a well-known MTB site in Malaysia. It has a network of treks where these treks are rated with different difficulty level for cyclists to choose from according to their abilityandpreferences. MTB is known to be associated with risks and high technical skills, hence it is great interest to understand the factors affecting demand in such sport. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the demand in MTB participation at PCP. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and obtained a total of 302 usable questionnaires. A multiple linear regression analysis is employed and it is found that three factors were significant at 95% confidence level; total travel cost, years of participation and cost of equipment upgrades. The finding from the study is to supply PCP management with the information for future adventurous recreational events in PCP or in other similar establishments. This research also identifies some key findings and makes some recommendations for future research and management.

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Analyzing the Relationship Between Burnout and Depression in Junior Elite Athletes

Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology ◽

10.1123/jcsp.2017-0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 287-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Raphael Frank ◽

Insa Nixdorf ◽

Jürgen Beckmann

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Chronic Stress ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

The Other ◽

Future Research ◽

Transfer Of Knowledge ◽

The Relationship

Findings on burnout and depression in athletes highlight their potential severity. Although both constructs are discussed in similar, stress-based concepts, it is unclear how they relate to each other. To address this issue, we conducted a crosssectional multiple linear regression analysis (MLR; N = 194) and a longitudinal analysis of a three-wave cross-lagged panel (CLP; n = 92) in German junior elite athletes. MLR showed that depression and burnout were both associated with chronic stress. Stress was a significant better predictor for both burnout and depression than each was for the other. CLP analysis on the constructs of burnout and depression revealed support for cross-paths in both directions. Thus, burnout and depression might cause each other to some degree, with no distinct direction of this link. However, as both syndromes do not fully explain each other, interchanging both terms and syndromes should be avoided. Preferably, future research might consider the transfer of knowledge between both syndromes to draw founded conclusions.

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Increases in Psychological Flexibility Mediate Relationship Between Acute Psychedelic Effects and Decreases in Racial Trauma Symptoms Among People of Color

Chronic Stress ◽

10.1177/24705470211035607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 247054702110356

Author(s):

Alan K. Davis ◽

Yitong Xin ◽

Nathan D. Sepeda ◽

Albert Garcia-Romeu ◽

Monnica T. Williams

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Psychological Flexibility ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

People Of Color ◽

Survey Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Trauma Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Racial Trauma

Background Previous research showed acute psychedelic effects were associated with decreases in racial trauma (RT) symptoms among black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). Among samples comprised primarily of white participants, positive outcomes of psychedelic experiences have been mediated by increases in psychological flexibility. Therefore, we examined whether changes in psychological flexibility from before to after a psychedelic experience mediated the relationship between acute psychedelic effects and changes in RT symptoms among BIPOC. Methods This cross-sectional online survey study included 313 BIPOC (mean age = 33.1; SD = 11.2; female = 57%). A multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between acute psychedelic effects and decreases in RT symptoms in a nonclinical setting; a path analysis was used to explore whether changes in psychological flexibility mediated this relationship. Results Acute insight and challenging effects were significantly ( p < .001) associated with decreases in RT symptoms following a psychedelic experience. Increases in psychological flexibility partially mediated relationships between greater intensity of psychological insight and less intensity of challenging experiences and decreases in RT symptoms ( ps<.001). Conclusion This research suggests psychedelics confer potential benefits in decreasing RT symptoms among BIPOC and psychological flexibility may be an important mediator of these effects. Future research should test this hypothesis in a longitudinal clinical trial among BIPOC.

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The impact of the intellectual capital components on firm’s performance in emerging markets

Risk Governance and Control Financial Markets & Institutions ◽

10.22495/rgcv11i2p1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 8-17

Author(s):

Noomen Chaabane

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Intellectual Capital ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Value Added ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Structural Capital ◽

Stock Market Performance ◽

The Impact

The objective of this research is to review, analyse, and provide empirical evidence about the impact of the intellectual capital (IC) characteristics on the firm performance on listed 26 companies in Tunisian Stock Exchange for the years 2010–2019. 260 companies were taken as a sample of this research using the purposive sampling method. The efficiency of intellectual capital was measured using the value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) method developed by Pulic (2000). The research method used was multiple linear regression analysis. Our empirical analysis substantiates the fundamental role of IC components in improving the financial and stock market performance of listed Tunisian companies. The results obtained on the human capital efficiency variable contribute to improving the market of Tunisian listed companies and confirm the role attributed to human capital in the knowledge economy and even the basic hypothesis of the VAIC method. Investors do not place any importance on the following variables: structural capital, human capital and the efficiency of structural capital during market valuation. Future research is suggested to use cross-country companies as the sample.

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Religiosity as the moderating effect of diamond fraud and personal ethics on fraud tendencies

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research ◽

10.21580/jiafr.2020.2.1.4712 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Rikyan Ulil Istifadah ◽

Yayu Putri Senjani

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Survey Method ◽

Future Research ◽

Independent Variable ◽

Personal Ethics

Purpose - This study aims to determine the effect of each dimension of diamond fraud (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability) and personal ethics on the fraud tendency (assets misappropriation) and understanding of religiosity as moderating variable.Method - The study was conducted by survey method. The samples are amil zakat in Yogyakarta. Data analysis in this study applied multiple linear regression analysis with IBM SPSS version 22. The instruments were adopted from previous research.Result - The results of data analysis in this study show that there are positive influences between elements of diamond fraud (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability) on the fraud tendency (assets misappropriation) but personal ethics do not influence the fraud tendency. While the understanding of religiosity is able to moderate elements of diamond fraud (pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability) and personal ethics.Implication - Future research can expand the object of research in several other provinces. In addition, fraud theory used is Fraud Diamond Theory. Whereas now there has been an increase in the cause of fraud, which is arrogance and evolved into Fraud Pentagon Theory, so that the next arrogance variable can be added as an independent variable.Originality - This reseacrh is still using samples in one province, and Amil Zakat sample was chosen as a sample because based on data submitted by BAZNAS.

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Determinants of greenhouse gases emissions disclosure according to GRI guidelines in Brazilian companies

Independent Journal of Management & Production ◽

10.14807/ijmp.v10i3.892 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 966 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo Henrique Leal ◽

Raimundo Nonato Rodrigues ◽

Maurício Assuero Lima de Freitas ◽

Umbelina Cravo Teixeira Lagioia

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Future Research ◽

Determinant Factors ◽

Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽

Sustainability Reports

This study aimed to identify the determinant factors of greenhouse gases emissions disclosure in Brazilian companies. Therefore, a documental research was conducted, in which we analyzed sustainability reports, GRI-provided data and accounting statements of B3-listed companies that published sustainability reports and accounting statements for the year 2016. This is a descriptive research with quantitative approach. Preliminarily, we identified information about greenhouse gases emissions disclosed by the sample companies by using a check-list developed from GRI guidelines about emissions. Then, we applied the multiple linear regression analysis technique to identify the disclosure determinant factors. Results showed that the companies researched presented, in average, a low level of emissions information disclosure. The regression analysis showed that the variables participation in potentially polluting sectors, participation in the GHG protocol, New Market governance level and sustainability report publication in the GRI model were positively associated with greenhouse gases emissions disclosure, while the company size variable did not show association with statistical significance. Therefore, the results allow us to infer that these variables can be considered determinant factors of greenhouse gases emissions disclosure. In function of research limitations related to sample size, shortage of other variables influencing the disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as research over the years, it is suggested future research considering a sample with companies from other countries, including other variables and a longitudinal study to compare disclosure in different institutional contexts over the years.

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