EFFECT OF GUIDED IMAGERY ON CHILDREN'S SOCIAL PERFORMANCE

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
Socorro González ◽  
Florente López
Keyword(s):  
Guided Imagery ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Social Contingency ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

The study examined the effect of guided imagery on overt social behavior of children during free play. Forty withdrawn and rejected first-graders (6 to 8 years of age) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions. Four of them were guided imagery conditions: mastery plus peer acceptance, mastery with no social contingency, coping, and gradual rehearsal. A fifth control condition involved no intervention. It was predicted that the four imagery conditions would increase and maintain positive socialization, but the coping condition would be the most effective. Children under the coping condition, which involved guided imagery of failure to get peer acceptance, but progressively mastering the social interaction and finally being accepted by peers, consistently increased positive socialization behaviors from baseline to post-treatment and follow-up, as compared to gradual rehearsal and control. Both mastery conditions increased socialization at post-treatment, but reverted to baseline levels during follow-up.

scholarly journals Pedagogical conditions for the formation of counteraction to stressful phenomena in educational institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Г.А. Арсаханова
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Psychosomatic Diseases

Жизнедеятельность школьника полна проблем, решение которых приводит к стрессовым ситуациям. Прежде всего, это изменение социального статуса и изменение дошкольной деятельности ребенка на учебную. Статус школьника требует больше обязанностей, ответственности, дисциплинированности, структурированности режима дня, контроля собственных поступков. Даже в самом продуманном и хорошо налаженному жизни случаются ситуации, которые негативно влияют на детей и приводят к стрессу. Первоклассники не всегда готовы к таким изменениям, что вызывает ряд психофизиологических и поведенческих проявлений. В состоянии стресса поведение ребенка дезорганизовывается, наблюдаются неконтролируемые движения, определенные речевые отклонения, появляются эмоции, не соответствующие культуре взаимоотношений. Стресс – это сильное проявление эмоций вызывает комплексную физиологическую реакцию, это состояние душевного и поведенческого расстройства, связанного с неспособностью личности целесообразно действовать в соответствующих ситуациях. Из-за недостаточной сформированности эмоциональной сферы в школьном возрасте при частых стрессовых ситуациях у ребенка исчезает аппетит, наступает депрессия, снижается интерес к учебе, общению, наступает апатия. Стрессовые ситуации негативно сказываются на здоровье школьника, у ребенка появляется целый «букет» опасных психосоматических заболеваний: мигрень, гипертония, астма, артрит, аллергия, диабет, кожные болезни и тому подобное. The student's life is full of problems, the solution of which leads to stressful situations. First of all, this is a change in the social status and a change in the preschool activity of the child to the educational one. The status of a student requires more responsibilities, responsibility, discipline, structured daily routine, and control of one's own actions. Even in the most thoughtful and well-established life, there are situations that negatively affect children and lead to stress. First-graders are not always ready for such changes, which causes a number of psychophysiological and behavioral manifestations. In a state of stress, the child's behavior is disorganized, uncontrolled movements are observed, certain speech deviations appear, emotions that do not correspond to the culture of relationships. Stress-this strong manifestation of emotions causes a complex physiological reaction, this is a state of mental and behavioral disorder associated with the inability of the individual to act appropriately in appropriate situations. Due to the lack of formation of the emotional sphere at school age, with frequent stressful situations, the child's appetite disappears, depression sets in, interest in learning, communication decreases, and apathy sets in. Stressful situations negatively affect the health of the student, the child has a whole "bouquet" of dangerous psychosomatic diseases: migraine, hypertension, asthma, arthritis, allergies, diabetes, skin diseases, and the like.

scholarly journals The effect of music education on the social values of preschool children

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1064
Author(s):  
Erhan Öztürk ◽  
Ajda Aylin Can
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to explore the effect of music education on the acquisition of social values by preschool children. In this study, a quasi-experimental pattern model with the pretest–posttest control group is employed. The Preschool Social Values Scale is used for collecting the data. The participants of this study are 26 preschool children (the experimental and control groups contain 13 children each). Whilst the experimental group underwent 30 minutes of music training twice a week for 10 weeks, the control group pursued their preschool education. Music education with the experimental group consists of activities, where students are active and experience music. Songs containing social values were taught to children in the unity of play music and movement. At the end of the study, the scores related to the social values of the experimental group improved as compared to that of the control group. No meaningful difference was detected between the posttest and follow-up test social values’ scores.          Keywords: Music education, social values, preschool education, value education.

The Effects of Parent Training Program on the Question-Asking Behavior of Mexican-American Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Henderson ◽  
Angela B. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Parent Training ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Question Asking ◽  
Response To Instruction ◽  
Treatment Assessment ◽  
Parent Training Program ◽  
American Children ◽  
And Control

Mothers of Mexican-American first-graders were divided into four groups according to the Solomon design. Experimental mothers were trained to use modeling, cueing, and reinforcement to influence their first-graders’ question-asking; control mothers were not. The effects of treatment on the child’s baseline question-asking level and ability to learn from examiner instruction were examined by administering a measure to the children, pre- and post-parent training. Their question-asking was assessed during three conditions: baseline, examiner instruction on question-asking, and generalization. Post-treatment assessment revealed that the question-asking of both experimental and control Ss increased significantly in response to instruction provided by an examiner who modeled questionasking behavior. Experimental Ss asked significantly more questions than control Ss across all three post-treatment measurement conditions (baseline, instruction, and generalization).

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatsugu Orui
Keyword(s):  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Housing ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.

Listening to the Voices of Individuals with Disabilities

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen French Gilson ◽  
John C. Bricout ◽  
Frank R. Baskind
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Social

Social work literature, research, and practice on disabilities has lagged behind other topical areas dealing with oppressed groups. The social work literature remains “expert focused” and generally fragmented into discussions of specific disabilities or subpopulations. A viable general model that deals with the personal experience of disability is not available. This exploratory study presents a social work literature search and analysis as well as interviews with six individuals with disabilities about their experiences with social workers. Individuals with disabilities assert that they were treated as though they had categorically fewer aspirations, abilities, and perhaps even fundamental rights than did nondisabled people. This study provides a base for follow-up research on models of consumer-focused social work practice in the area of disability.

Scham und Autonomie

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
And Control

Autonomy is associated with intellectual self-preservation and self-determination. Shame, on the contrary, bears a loss of approval, self-esteem and control. Being afflicted with shame, we suffer from social dependencies that by no means have been freely chosen. Moreover, undergoing various experiences of shame, our power of reflection turns out to be severly limited owing to emotional embarrassment. In both ways, shame seems to be bound to heteronomy. This situation strongly calls for conceptual clarification. For this purpose, we introduce a threestage model of self-determination which comprises i) autonomy as capability of decision-making relating to given sets of choices, ii) self-commitment in terms of setting and harmonizing goals, and iii) self-realization in compliance with some range of persistently approved goals. Accordingly, the presuppositions and distinctive marks of shame-experiences are made explicit. Within this framework, we explore the intricate relation between autonomy and shame by focusing on two questions: on what conditions could conventional behavior be considered as self-determined? How should one characterize the varying roles of actors that are involved in typical cases of shame-experiences? In this connection, we advance the thesis that the social dynamics of shame turns into ambiguous positions relating to motivation, intentional content,and actors’ roles.

Chemical Reactions of Iodoform in the Study of Post-Extraction Alveolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2378-2381
Author(s):  
Cristian Budacu ◽  
Mihai Constantin ◽  
Iulia Chiscop ◽  
Carmen Gabriela Stelea ◽  
Raluca Dragomir
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Post-operative alveolitis is a topical issue in dental practice, which is also reflected by the etiopathogenic aspects. The conservative principle requires the maintenance of dento-periodontal units in the arch for as long as possible, but there are situations where dental extraction is required. The healing process of the post-surgical wound is complex and involves processes of gingival mucosal regeneration and bone reshaping, involving several local factors: wound size, presence of infection, alveolar vascularization, intraalveolar foreign bodies, and general factors, especially general condition, age and body reactivity. The quality, structure, maintenance, and retraction of the clot are key factors in the formation of connective tissue during the healing of the post-extraction would. At the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Gala�i, during a 2-year period between January 2015 and December 30, 2016, 2780 patients that required surgery - dental extraction were consulted and diagnosed. We found that among those 2780 patients with dental extractions 105 (3.77%) had post-treatment alveolitis. No post-surgical alveolitis from the case study was complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws or by suppurations of the superficial or deep compartments of the face. The prophylactic measures in each dental extraction, together with the correct and timely curative treatment, combined with the dentist�s competence and responsibility, can shorten the time of suffering, actively combating the risk factor and accelerating the social reintegration of the patient with post-treatment alveolitis.

Obesity management through Ayurveda - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Kumar Tyagi ◽  
Shivakumar .
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
And Control

Lifestyle disorders are one of the biggest threats for the population living unhealthy lifestyle. Sthoulya (Obesity) is one such disorder which creates lot of physical as well as mental disorder to the sufferer. Due to changing lifestyle, comforts and dietary habit lots of individuals changed their life totally. Obesity is a growing disease in developed and developing countries. Prevalence is drastically hike in past few years. Ayurveda, the science of life with which we can manage and control lots of lifestyle disorders. Focusing on dietary and lifestyle management along with treatment, we can overcome the hazards of obesity which is growing in a uncontrolled manner. The available data is based on the clinical findings only. Aim and objective: To assess the effect of “Guru Cha Atarpanam Chikitsa” in the management of Sthoulya. Setting: Swastharakshana evam Yoga, OPD and IPD, SDMCAH, Hassan. Method: Udwarthana, Parisheka, Shamana Aushadhis, Ahara, and Vihara was followed within the treatment duration and effect of treatment was assessed before and after treatment, advised for follow up. Results: The treatment adopted is effective in the management of Sthoulya and to improve the quality of life.

349 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Chronic Pain - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A139-A140
Author(s):  
Janannii Selvanathan ◽  
Chi Pham ◽  
Mahesh Nagappa ◽  
Philip Peng ◽  
Marina Englesakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Comorbid Insomnia ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract Introduction Patients with chronic non-cancer pain often report insomnia as a significant comorbidity. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended as the first line of treatment for insomnia, and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the efficacy of CBT-I on various health outcomes in patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of CBT-I on sleep, pain, depression, anxiety and fatigue in adults with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. Methods A systematic search was conducted using ten electronic databases. The duration of the search was set between database inception to April 2020. Included studies must be RCTs assessing the effects of CBT-I on at least patient-reported sleep outcomes in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. Quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment and Yates quality rating scale. Continuous data were extracted and summarized using standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results The literature search resulted in 7,772 articles, of which 14 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Twelve of these articles were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis comprised 762 participants. CBT-I demonstrated a large significant effect on patient-reported sleep (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI [0.55–1.20], p < 0.00001) at post-treatment and final follow-up (up to 9 months) (0.59 [0.31–0.86], p < 0.0001); and moderate effects on pain (SMD = 0.20 [0.06, 0.34], p = 0.006) and depression (0.44 [0.09–0.79], p= 0.01) at post-treatment. The probability of improving sleep and pain following CBT-I at post-treatment was 81% and 58%, respectively. The probability of improving sleep and pain at final follow-up was 73% and 57%, respectively. There were no statistically significant effects on anxiety and fatigue. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that CBT-I is effective for improving sleep in adults with comorbid insomnia and chronic non-cancer pain. Further, CBT-I may lead to short-term moderate improvements in pain and depression. However, there is a need for further RCTs with adequate power, longer follow-up periods, CBT for both insomnia and pain, and consistent scoring systems for assessing patient outcomes. Support (if any):

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