Cohort Differences in Mortality and Morbidity

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Jagger ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTIn 1900 life expectancy at birth in the UK was only 46 years for men and 53 years for women. Just over a century later life expectancy at birth has increased by around 30 years and by 2007 had reached 77.5 years for men and 81.7 years for women. The population aged 85 years and over, often termed the ‘oldest old’, are now the fastest growing section of our population. For the 1921 cohort only 18% of men and a third of women reached the age of 85 years but for the 1951 birth cohort it is expected that almost half of men and 60% of women will achieve that age. The important question for health care planners and society is whether the large number of those who will reach 85 years in the future are similar in health characteristics to those attaining 85 years now.This question was addressed by substantive results and by methodological papers in the ‘Cohort’ theme of the Joining Forces on Mortality and Longevity conference in October 2009. Here we provide an overview of the papers, some of which are presented in full in this issue (see Murphy (2009), Di Cesare & Murphy (2009), O'Connell & Dunstan (2009), Forfar (2009)).

Beyond healthcare leadership? The imperative for health and social care systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
John Duncan Edmonstone
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Leadership Development ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Healthcare Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Future ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to make the case that there is a need to move beyond a focus on an approach to leadership development which is confined to health care only. It argues that, given the economic, financial, social and organisational context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate, there is a need to develop leadership within health and social care systems, rather than within the existing “siloed” sectors. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the context within which health and social care organisations in the UK operate; examines the nature of those organisations; makes the case for focusing on the health and social car system through systems leadership; and identifies the need for leadership, rather than leader development. Findings There is a danger of health and social care organisations “walking backwards into the future” with eyes fixed on the past. The future lies with treating health and social care as a system, rather than focusing on organisations. The current model is individual leader focused, but the emerging model is one of collective multi-agency teams. Originality/value The paper seeks to go beyond a health-care-only focus, by asserting that there is a need to regard health and social care as a single system, delivered by a multiplicity of different organisations. This has implications for the kind of leadership involved and for how this might be developed.

Arterial compliance in older people

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
C. Rajkumar ◽  
S. Bonapace ◽  
C. J. Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionLongevity has lengthened in recent times. This has resulted in an increase in the elderly population, with life expectancy at birth in men in the UK being approximately 72.5 years and women, 78.5 years. Despite the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases decreasing in the past 40 years, these still continue to be the largest cause of mortality in the elderly. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are lower in women. However, this is not true in the later years of life. After the age of 80, the risk of cardiovascular problems increases to that of men. The cardiovascular changes occurring with aging consists of changes in the heart and arterial system.

Health Care Public Sector Share and the U.S. Life Expectancy Lag: A Country-level Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The Political ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Political Economy Of Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Growing research on the political economy of health has begun to emphasize sociopolitical influences on cross-national differences in population health above and beyond economic growth. While this research investigates the impact of overall public health spending as a share of GDP (“health care effort”), it has for the most part overlooked the distribution of health care spending across the public and private spheres (“public sector share”). I evaluate the relative contributions of health care effort, public sector share, and GDP to the large and growing disadvantage in U.S. life expectancy at birth relative to peer nations. I do so using fixed effects models with data from 16 wealthy democratic nations between 1960 and 2010. Results indicate that public sector share has a beneficial effect on longevity net of the effect of health care effort and that this effect is nonlinear, decreasing in magnitude as levels rise. Moreover, public sector share is a more powerful predictor of life expectancy at birth than GDP per capita. This study contributes to discussions around the political economy of health, the growth consensus, and the American lag in life expectancy. Policy implications vis-à-vis the U.S. Affordable Care Act are discussed.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS TOURISM IN THE SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS AND HEALTH ACTIVITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Olena Melikh ◽  
Inna Irtyshcheva ◽  
Konstantin Bogatyrev
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
The State ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Current State

The article highlights the approaches to the development of sports and health activities and sports tourism in various spheres of society. It is proved that the current standard of quality of life in Ukraine is characterized as not satisfactory. Many factors affect the quality of life: lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors. However, one of the main issues remains the underfunding of development. The work investigates the state of financial support for health care, which is closely related to the level of low healthy life expectancy. It is determined that in modern conditions physical culture and sports are a necessary element of life of every Ukrainian. It is justified that grant programs are the main financial source for the development of physical culture and sports. It is proved that the state and non-state policy of development of physical education and sports should be built on creation of the corresponding concept for the next five years, which will include the appropriate strategy and program of development of physical culture and sports. The purpose of the article is a study of the peculiarities of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society and mechanisms of financing physical culture and sports in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: to reveal the role and importance of organizing sports and health activities in different spheres of society; to conduct an analysis of the current state of financing of health care, physical education and sports; outline strategic guidelines for improving state and non-governmental policies on financial provision for physical education and sports. Subject and object of study. The subject of the research is theoretical and practical aspects of organization of sports and health activities in different spheres of society. The object of the research is the process of managing sports and health activities in different spheres of society. Research methods. For a comprehensive study of the necessary information the basic methods of information research in management were used. In the study of the current state of financing the health care, physical education and sports the methods of statics and dynamics were used. The dynamic method was used to analyze health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine, transition from one equilibrium state to another for the period from 1995 to 2017. The static method involved a comparison of the amount of annual funding from the State Targeted Social Program for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports and the actually allocated funds. An economic model of the dynamics of health care expenditures in percentage terms to GDP and total expenditures, average life expectancy at birth in Ukraine in the form of a graph is constructed.

scholarly journals MOTIVATION OF FUTURE HEALTH CARE SPECIALISTS IN PROMOTING SOCIAL WELLBEING OF ELDERLY PEOPLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Dina Berloviene ◽  
Alīda Samuseviča
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Health Care ◽  
Study Process ◽  
The Impact

Dynamics of ageing of Latvia’s population is faster than in other European Union countries, which has been caused by the social economic situation and immigration of society members. Ageing of society will have a considerable impact on health care in the future. Hence, it is essential to invest resources in the process of the development of health care by educating health care specialists who will be motivated to solve social wellbeing problems in the country in a professional way.Students and lecturers of Riga Stradins University Liepaja branch have been taking part in European Later Life Active Network (ELLAN) project since 2013. In the research done within the framework of the project, Kogan’s attitude scale to elderly people has been made use of, as well as Nolan’s questionnaire was used to learn about the future health care specialists’ attitude and their expectations concerning work with elderly people. Data collected in Latvia in comparison with the rest of the four countries (Ireland, Germany, Italy and Finland) taking part in the project present the lowest level of attitude indicators. The article focuses on the issue of future health care specialists’ motivation and attitude in their professional work with elderly people, as well as, the impact of the environment on promoting the development of positive attitude towards elderly people and work with them during the study process.  

PROBLEMS OF ASSESSING THE HEALTH CARE COSTS EFFECTIVENESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила Горшкова ◽  
Lyudmila Gorshkova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Logarithmic Curve ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs

Assessing the effectiveness of health care expenditure is a major economic task. The most important indicator to assess the effectiveness of health care costs is the expected life expectancy (ELE). Infant mortality is also closely related to DLE. The article substantiates the logarithmic model of the dependence of ELE from health care expenditure (per person for a particular year). Each country is represented by a point on the coordinate plane with an ordinate equal to the ELE in this country and an abscissa equal to the health care expenditure in it. The modeling logarithmic curve is taken as the theoret-ical threshold of the cost-effectiveness: the higher the curve is the point repre-senting the country, the more effective the health care costs in this country, and the lower the threshold curve, the costs are more unprofitable. It is shown that the dependence of ELE from GDP (or GRP by regions of Russia) is not so obvious: although there is a tendency to such a dependence, but with a large number of drop-out values. Despite the achievement of the highest average expected life expectancy in Russia in the country's history, it is significantly lower than in developed countries. The main causes of low expected life expectancy at birth are unsatisfactory health indicators, and as a result, high incidence and disability. Traumatism on the roads and suicides are one of the significant reasons for the low expected life expectancy in Russia and are significantly higher than similar indicators in other countries. The article shows the close correlation between the cost of health care per person and expected life expectancy. However, in the Russian Federation, the share of public expenditure in the structure of aggregate health expenditure is decreasing. Social insurance funds are more than half of the health care public expenditure. The author reveals considerable regional differences in health spending per person and average expected life expectancy. The article highlights the insufficient level of health care costs in Russia as a whole and in regions.

The assessment of the aging artery

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Fantin ◽  
C Rajkumar ◽  
CJ Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Uk

The elderly population has greatly increased in the last few decades as life expectancy has risen. In 2005 life expectancy at birth for females born in the UK is 80.2 years, compared with 75.2 years for males. This is in contrast to 49 and 45 years respectively in 1901. Cardiovascular disease is still the most important cause of death in the population over the age of 65, causing 40% of deaths in women and 42% in men of this age.

scholarly journals Working with elderly carers of people with learning disabilities and planning for the future

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hubert ◽  
Sheila Hollins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Elderly Parents ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mental Health Foundation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Expanding Population

The majority of people with learning disabilities in the UK live at home with their families, usually with their parents (Mental Health Foundation, 1996) or – more commonly in later life – with one parent, usually their mother. Nowadays, people with learning disabilities live much longer than they did in the past, with the result that there is also an expanding population of elderly parents who are continuing to care for a son or daughter well into old age.

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