scholarly journals Developing community-based urine sampling methods to deploy biomarker technology for the assessment of dietary exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3081-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J Lloyd ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Naomi D Willis ◽  
Laura Lyons ◽  
Helen Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers

AbstractObjective:Obtaining objective, dietary exposure information from individuals is challenging because of the complexity of food consumption patterns and the limitations of self-reporting tools (e.g., FFQ and diet diaries). This hinders research efforts to associate intakes of specific foods or eating patterns with population health outcomes.Design:Dietary exposure can be assessed by the measurement of food-derived chemicals in urine samples. We aimed to develop methodologies for urine collection that minimised impact on the day-to-day activities of participants but also yielded samples that were data-rich in terms of targeted biomarker measurements.Setting:Urine collection methodologies were developed within home settings.Participants:Different cohorts of free-living volunteers.Results:Home collection of urine samples using vacuum transfer technology was deemed highly acceptable by volunteers. Statistical analysis of both metabolome and selected dietary exposure biomarkers in spot urine collected and stored using this method showed that they were compositionally similar to urine collected using a standard method with immediate sample freezing. Even without chemical preservatives, samples can be stored under different temperature regimes without any significant impact on the overall urine composition or concentration of forty-six exemplar dietary exposure biomarkers. Importantly, the samples could be posted directly to analytical facilities, without the need for refrigerated transport and involvement of clinical professionals.Conclusions:This urine sampling methodology appears to be suitable for routine use and may provide a scalable, cost-effective means to collect urine samples and to assess diet in epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals Spot and Cumulative Urine Samples Are Suitable Replacements for 24-Hour Urine Collections for Objective Measures of Dietary Exposure in Adults Using Metabolite Biomarkers

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Isabel Garcia-Perez ◽  
Joram M Posma ◽  
Amanda J Lloyd ◽  
Edward S Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers

ABSTRACT Background Measurement of multiple food intake exposure biomarkers in urine may offer an objective method for monitoring diet. The potential of spot and cumulative urine samples that have reduced burden on participants as replacements for 24-h urine collections has not been evaluated. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the utility of spot and cumulative urine samples for classifying the metabolic profiles of people according to dietary intake when compared with 24-h urine collections in a controlled dietary intervention study. Methods Nineteen healthy individuals (10 male, 9 female, aged 21–65 y, BMI 20–35 kg/m2) each consumed 4 distinctly different diets, each for 1 wk. Spot urine samples were collected ∼2 h post meals on 3 intervention days/wk. Cumulative urine samples were collected daily over 3 separate temporal periods. A 24-h urine collection was created by combining the 3 cumulative urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed with metabolite fingerprinting by both high-resolution flow infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Concentrations of dietary intake biomarkers were measured with liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and by integration of 1H-NMR data. Results Cross-validation modeling with 1H-NMR and FIE-HRMS data demonstrated the power of spot and cumulative urine samples in predicting dietary patterns in 24-h urine collections. Particularly, there was no significant loss of information when post-dinner (PD) spot or overnight cumulative samples were substituted for 24-h urine collections (classification accuracies of 0.891 and 0.938, respectively). Quantitative analysis of urine samples also demonstrated the relation between PD spot samples and 24-h urines for dietary exposure biomarkers. Conclusions We conclude that PD spot urine samples are suitable replacements for 24-h urine collections. Alternatively, cumulative samples collected overnight predict similarly to 24-h urine samples and have a lower collection burden for participants.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Spot Urine Sodium, 24 Hour Urinary Sodium and Food Frequency Questionnairein Estimation of Salt Intake in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jaafar Maryam Kamiliah ◽  
Nordin Nani ◽  
Abdul Rahman Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Daily Sodium Intake

Background:Salt intake is a known contributor to increased blood pressure. However, it is rarely monitored in clinical practice. 24-hr urinary sodium (24-HrNa) is the gold standard method to estimate salt intake but this method is rather burdensome.Objective: The objective of this study is to correlate between spot urine sodium (SUNa), 24-HrNa and Na intake estimation by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (FFQNa).Methods : 430 healthy participants aged between 20-40 years old were recruited. Second morning voided urine samples were obtained from all participants to estimate SUNa. 24-HrNa samples were obtained from 77 out of 430 participants. All participants were required to answer a validated FFQ. Urine samples were analysed for Na using indirect ion-selective electrode (ISE) method. Daily sodium intake was calculated from the FFQ.Results:The mean daily sodium intake from 24-hrNa (n=77) was 155 mmol/day, SUNa (n=430) was 158 mmol/L and FFQNa (n=430) was 271 mmol/day. There was a moderate correlation between SUNa and 24-hrNa (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.000). No correlation was seen between both 24-hrNa and SUNa with FFQNa (ρ = 0.035, P = 0.768 and ρ = 0.026, P = 0.597 respectively).Conclusion: Spot urine Na is a simple cost-effective method to estimate daily Na intake and has the potential to replace 24-hour urinary Na.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 74-80

scholarly journals Diagnostic usefulness of the spot urine sodium/potassium ratio in cirrhotic patients with ascites

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253886
Author(s):  
Jin Wook Lee ◽  
Jae Seok Hwang ◽  
Woo Jin Chung ◽  
Heon Ju Lee ◽  
Jung Gil Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Urine Sodium ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Diet Compliance ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Background and aims The low-salt diet is considered important for control of ascites in cirrhotic patients. To validate whether the spot urine sodium (Na)/potassium (K) ratio could replace 24-h urine Na (uNa) excretion in assessing low-salt diet compliance. Methods We prospectively studied 175 patients. 24-h urine collection and spot urine collection were performed. Subsequently, 24-h uNa, urine creatinine (uCr), and spot urine Na and K were assessed. A complete urine collection was confirmed based on 24-h uCr excretion levels of 15mg/kg/day for men and 10mg/kg/day for women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the feasibility of spot urine Na/K ratio in predicting 24-h uNa greater than 78mmol/day. Results Out of 175 patients, 24-h urine samples were completely collected in 57 patients only. Moreover, urine samples were not completely collected in 118 patients because their 24-h uCr excretion level was less than the established criteria. In complete urine collection group, AUROC curve for spot urine Na/K ratio in predicting 24-h uNa greater than 78mmol/day was 0.874±0.051 (P<0.001). In the incomplete urine collection group, the AUROC was 0.832±0.039 (P<0.001). In complete urine collection group, the classical cutoff value greater than 1.0 of spot urine Na/K ratio showed 90.9% sensitivity and 56.0% specificity. Conclusions The spot urine Na/K ratio reflects 24-h uNa, but the AUROC value obtained in this study is lower than that of a previous study. Considered the large number of patients with incomplete urine collection, validating 24-h complete urine collection criteria is necessary.

A Strong Correlation Between Spot Urine Protein To Creatinine Ratio and 24-Hour Urine Protein Quantification For Proteinuria Assessment In Patients With Plasma Cell Dyscrasia

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3155-3155
Author(s):  
Apuri Susmitha ◽  
Taiga Nishihori ◽  
Karen Lin ◽  
Rachid Baz ◽  
Binglin Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Monoclonal Protein ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
M Spike

Abstract Background Twenty four-hour urine collection remains one of the most crucial tools for the diagnosis and monitoring of proteinuria and quantification of urinary monoclonal protein in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD) even though it is cumbersome. Nephrology guidelines recommend replacement of 24-hour urine collection with a spot urine protein/creatinine (Pr/Cr) ratio for the measurement of proteinuria. However, only limited data exist regarding accuracy of spot urine Pr/Cr ratio in patients with PCD and utility of this measure to estimate urinary paraprotein remains uncertain. We conducted a prospective study evaluating the role of spot urine Pr/Cr ratio in patients with PCD. Methods From 04/2012 to 05/2013, a total of 120 PCD patients were prospectively enrolled at Moffitt Cancer Center. Oliguric patients or those requiring dialysis were ineligible. Spot urine was collected on the same day as 24-hour urine collection. Spot urine Pr/Cr ratios were compared to 24-hour urine collections with regard to the amount of (1) total protein and (2) monoclonal protein (M-spike). Results Eighty four out of 120 patients (70%) were evaluable (17 did not provide spot urine samples; no Pr/Cr ratios available in 11; protein below the level of detection in 7; and one without 24-hour urine collection). Evaluable patients had a median age of 68 (range, 36 - 90) years, 63% were male, and 85% were Caucasian. Primary diagnoses were myeloma (n=74; 88%), amyloidosis (n=4), multiple plasmacytomas (n=2), solitary plasmactyoma (n=1) and MGUS (n=3). Prior therapies included chemotherapy in 95% and autologous transplant in 45%. Comorbidities included hypertension (48%), chronic kidney disease (30%), diabetes (15%), coronary artery disease (8%), atrial fibrillation (7%) and congestive heart failure (2%). The median serum creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL (range, 0.5 - 5.1). The median spot urine Pr/Cr ratio was 137 mg/g creatinine (range, 26 - 21,447). The median 24-hour urine protein was 120 mg/24h (range, 27 - 15,092), and the median urine M-spike was 1.2 mg (range, 0 - 8,099). More than half of spot urine samples were collected in the morning (59%). There were strong correlations between (1) spot urine Pr/Cr ratio and 24-hour total urine protein (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.91, p < 0.0001), and (2) spot urine Pr/Cr ratio and 24-hour urine M-spike (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.91, p < 0.0001). The timing of spot urine sample collection had no significant effects on the correlations (p = 0.46 and 0.95 by Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Conclusions Spot urine Pr/Cr ratio strongly correlates with degrees of proteinuria measured in 24-hour urine collection and may also predict the quantity of urine M-spike in non-oliguric PCD population. Spot urine Pr/Cr ratio is a potentially useful marker as a screening tool or an alternative semi-quantitative measure for rapid estimation of proteinuria which may be used for longitudinal patient follow-up in lieu of cumbersome repeated 24-hour collections. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Perbandingan kandungan iodium dalam urin antara sampel urin 24 jam dan on spot pada anak usia sekolah

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Widya Ayu Kurnia Putri ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Hidayat Syarif ◽  
Leily Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background: Urine Iodine Concentration (UIC) is the indicator to assess iodine status. UIC from 24-hour urine collection appropriate to used as a direct measure of the iodine status and helps to validate the estimates intake of iodine. 24-hours urine collection is not practical in large studies and epidemiological surveys because it is quite difficult to complete and accurate collection. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommend the use of on spot urine collection.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare of 24-hour urine collection and spot urine collection for the assessment UIC in children.Method: The cross-sectional study was applied in Bogor. UIC was measured in 24-hour urine and parallel collected three spot urine namely on spot 1 collected morning, on spot 2 collected afternoon, and on spot 3 collected evening, sample urine collected from 44 healthy children age 10-13 years. UIC of 24-hour urine and one spot urine analyzed in the laboratory GAKY FK UNDIP using acid digestion method.Results: The average UIC from 24-hour urine collection was 179.77 ± 56.4 µg/l and UIC from on spot urine collection were on spot morning 145.30 ± 63.6 µg/l, on spot afternoon 159.95 ± 64.5 µg/l, and on spot evening 167.50 ± 66.1 µg/l. However, UIC correlation between UIC from on spot afternoon and UIC 24-hour (r = 0.456) with 66.67 % sensitivity and 75.61 % specificity.Conclusion: UIC urine samples from lunch to dinner more accurately reflects the UIC 24 hours to categorize the iodine status of the population. UIC from spot urine samples collected on the afternoon can be used as an alternative to evaluate the iodine status of school-age children.

Evaluation of the spot urine sampling technique to assess urinary purine derivative excretion in lactating dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Shingfield ◽  
N. W. Offer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Purine Derivative ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Total Urine

AbstractThe potential of the spot urine sampling technique as an alternative to performing a total urine collection was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were given two experimental diets in a complete change-over design using two 14-day experimental periods. Experimental diets were either silage offeredad libitumwith 7 kg fresh weight concentrate supplement as a single meal (SF), or a complete diet formulated from the same ingredients with a similar foragexoncentrate ratio (CD). Total urine collections were performed every 2 h on days 11 and 14 of each experimental period. Subsamples of urine were stored at 20°C and subsequently analysed by high-performace liquid chromatography. Daily allantoin and purine derivative (PD) excretion were highly correlated (r = 0·995, no. = 48,P< 0·001). PD and creatinine excretion during each 2-h interval depended on time of collection (PD,P< 0·001 and creatinine,P< 0·05) and on cow (P< 0·01) but were unaffected by sampling day or treatment. Diurnal variations in the molar ratio ofPD or allantoin to creatinine (PD/c and Ale, respectively) followed similar diurnal patterns as observed for PD and allantoin excretion. The data were used to assess the error of prediction of daily mean PD/c or Ale ratios. Three spot sampling regimens (based on the collection of four 4-h samples, three 8-h samples or two 12-h samples) and also on either single or 2-day urine collections were evaluated. Collection of multiple samples within a day was more reliable than collecting fewer samples over several days. Prediction errors were greater for SF compared with CD. Even the most intensive sampling regimen did not allow an acceptable prediction of daily mean PDIc or Ale ratio, minimum r values for PDIc and Ale ratios were 0·098, 0·136 and 0·547, 0·579 for SF and CD, respectively. Furthermore, daily mean PDIc and Ale ratios proved poor predictors of daily PD and allantoin excretion (r values of 0·69 and 0·72, respectively). Total urine collection appears necessary to assess accurately daily PD excretion in dairy cows.

Can methods based on spot urine samples be used to estimate average population 24 h sodium excretion? Results from the Isfahan Salt Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noushin Mohammadifard ◽  
Hamidreza Marateb ◽  
Marjan Mansourian ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Zahra Abdollahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteer ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Urine Specimens

AbstractObjective:To assess agreement between established methods of estimating salt intake from spot urine collections and 24 h urinary Na (24hUNa) and then to develop a valid formula that can be used in the Iranian population to estimate salt intake from spot urine samples.Design:A validation study. Three spot urine samples were collected (fasting second-void morning; afternoon; evening) on the same day as a 24 h urine collection. We estimated 24hUNa from spot specimens using the Kawasaki, Tanaka and INTERSALT equations. Two new formulas were developed, the Iran formula 1 (Iran 1) and Iran formula 2 (Iran 2), based on our population characteristics.Setting:Iranian adults recruited in 2014–2015.Participants:Healthy volunteer adults aged ≥18 years.Results:With all three spot urine specimens, predicted population 24hUNa was underestimated based on the INTERSALT equation (−469 to −708 mg/d; all P < 0·05) and conversely overestimation occurred with the Kawasaki equation (926 to 1080 mg/d; all P < 0·01). The Tanaka equation produced comparable estimates to measured 24hUNa (–151 to 86 mg/d; all P > 0·49). The newly derived formulas, Iran 1 and Iran 2, showed less mean bias than the established equations (Iran 1: 43 to 80 mg/d, all P > 0·55; Iran 2: 22 to 90 mg/d, all P > 0·50).Conclusions:In this Iranian sample, the Tanaka equation and newly derived formulas produced group-level estimates comparable to measured 24hUNa. The newly developed formulas showed less mean bias than established equations; however, they need to be tested for generalization in a larger sample.

scholarly journals Estimating mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa using spot urine samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Alvin Santos ◽  
Emalie Rosewarne ◽  
Martyna Hogendorf ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
Arti Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Secondary Analyses

Abstract Background There is an increasing interest in finding less costly and burdensome alternatives to measuring population-level salt intake than 24-h urine collection, such as spot urine samples. However, little is known about their usefulness in developing countries like Fiji and Samoa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of spot urine samples to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa. Methods The study involved secondary analyses of urine data from cross-sectional surveys conducted in Fiji and Samoa between 2012 and 2016. Mean salt intake was estimated from spot urine samples using six equations, and compared with the measured salt intake from 24-h urine samples. Differences and agreement between the two methods were examined through paired samples t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, and Bland-Altman plots and analyses. Results A total of 414 participants from Fiji and 725 participants from Samoa were included. Unweighted mean salt intake based on 24-h urine collection was 10.58 g/day (95% CI 9.95 to 11.22) in Fiji and 7.09 g/day (95% CI 6.83 to 7.36) in Samoa. In both samples, the INTERSALT equation with potassium produced the closest salt intake estimate to the 24-h urine (difference of − 0.92 g/day, 95% CI − 1.67 to − 0.18 in the Fiji sample and + 1.53 g/day, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.77 in the Samoa sample). The presence of proportional bias was evident for all equations except for the Kawasaki equation. Conclusion These data suggest that additional studies where both 24-h urine and spot urine samples are collected are needed to further assess whether methods based on spot urine samples can be confidently used to estimate mean population salt intake in Fiji and Samoa.

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