Developing breeding objectives for beef cattle production 2. Biological and economic values of growth and carcass traits in Japan

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hirooka ◽  
A. F. Groen ◽  
J. Hillers
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractA deterministic bio-economic model simulating beef production during the life cycle of a cow and her offspring was used to estimate biological and economic values of daily gain, marbling score, birth weight, weaning weight and mature weight for three production systems (cow-calf, feedlot and integrated) and alternative production circumstances in Japan. Biological efficiency (live-weight basis and lean-weight basis) and economic efficiency (returns over costs) were regarded as breeding objectives. Alternatives included reducing the maximum number of reproductive cycles, marketing by constant slaughter weight (BASE), constant age or constant carcass fat content, lighter slaughter weight and doubling food prices. Biological efficiency on a live-weight basis for the cow-calf system was most influenced by increasing weaning weight; for the feedlot and integrated system, increasing daily gain had the largest influence. For biological efficiency of lean production, increasing daily gain and mature weight had the largest influence in the feedlot and integrated systems, respectively. For economic efficiency, increasing weaning weight was most beneficial in the cow-calf system and increasing marbling score was most beneficial in the feedlot and integrated systems. Economic values of daily gain and weaning weight decreased markedly with increasing genetic levels of these traits. Marketing by age decreased the biological values of daily gain but increased the economic value of daily gain. Marketing at a constant carcass fat content decreased biological values of mature weight but increased the economic value of mature weight. Decreasing slaughter weight provided negative economic values of daily gain and weaning weight. Economic values were reduced when food prices were doubled.

scholarly journals Economic values of traits for Slovakian Pied cattle under different marketing strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krupa ◽  
M. Wolfová ◽  
D. Peškovičová ◽  
J. Huba ◽  
Z. Krupová
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Mature Weight ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Male Replacement ◽  
Calving Performance

Economic values of 15 production and functional traits for Slovakian Pied cattle were calculated under different marketing strategies. The traits were as follows: birth weight of calves, daily gain of calves in fattening, mature weight of cows, weight of calves at 120, 210 (weaning weight) and 365 days (yearling weight) of age, dressing percentage, mean class for fleshiness and fat covering, conception rate of heifers and cows, losses of calves at calving and from 48 hours to weaning, lifetime of cows and mean class for calving performance. A purebred cow-calf pasture system producing its own female and male replacement was assumed for all strategies. The following marketing strategies for surplus weaned female and male calves were taken into account: (A) export of all surplus calves, (B) intensive fattening of all surplus calves, (C) rearing and selling of all surplus non-pregnant (1) or pregnant (2) breeding heifers and fattening or export of surplus male calves. All calculations were carried out with the computer program Ecoweight. The relative economic importance of traits was calculated multiplying the economic values by the genetic standard deviations of the traits. The lifetime of cows was the most important trait when applying export or fattening of all calves or when selling pregnant breeding heifers, whereas the yearling weight was even more important for the strategy with selling non-pregnant heifers. The second most important trait was weaning weight in strategy A, yearling weight in strategy B and lifetime of cows in marketing strategy C. Carcass conformation traits had the lowest economic importance in all calculations.  

The effects of live weight at weaning on growth rate and carcass composition at different stages of maturity in Scottish Blackface lambs fed on two different diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. A. Milne ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
Angela M. Sibbald ◽  
A. D. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTThe effects of live weight at weaning on carcass composition were studied with 104 Scottish Blackface lambs offered two diets differing in protein: energy ratio. Groups of lambs were slaughtered at initial live weights of 24·1 (s.e. 1·48) kg (LL) and 28·9 (s.e. 1·67) kg (IL) and at 33 kg, 38 kg, 43 kg, 53 kg and mature live weight.Lambs were offered two diets — low protein: energy ratio (LP, 122 g crude protein (CP) per kg dry matter (DM): 10·4 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM) and high protein: energy ratio (HP, 176 g CP per kg DM: 10·4 MJ ME per kg DM). The LP diet was offeredad libitumand the HP diet was restricted to a similar mean level. Muscle, fat and bone tissues in the carcass were separated and weighed and the carcass and non-carcass component tissues were analysed for chemical fat, protein and ash.Daily live-weight gain (DLWG) of HP lambs (148 (s.e. 8·1) g/day) was significantly higher than that of LP lambs (118 (s.e. 8·1) g/day;P< 0·05) and food conversion ratios were lower up to a live weight of 43 kg (P< 0·05). There were no differences in intake or DLWG between LL and IL lambs. Mature live weight (73·3 (s.e. 1·79) kg) was not related to weaning weight or post-weaning diet.There was no effect of diet on carcass composition at any slaughter weight but LL lambs had a higher fat proportion than IL lambs, which was significant (P< 0·05) at 33 kg only. During the feeding period, the increment of fat tissue per unit increase in live weight (348 (s.e. 15·8) g/kg LW) was not affected by live weight at the start of the diet. The difference between LL and IL lambs in fat proportion was directly related to the difference in weight gain required to reach slaughter weight. The difference was not a function of stage of maturity but only of weaning weight, itself largely determined by pre-weaning nutrition. At higher slaughter weights the relative difference decreased and became non-significant. Hence lambs lighter at weaning would be less suitable than heavier lambs for the production of light-weight lean carcasses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «YANTOVET» ON THE MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF RABBITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
S.P. Arkhipova ◽  
◽  
L.F. Yakupova ◽  
O.A. Gracheva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The introduction of «Yantovet» into the diet of rabbits at a dose of 0,33 ml per 1 kg of live weight has a stimulating effect on the intensity of their growth and productivity. By the end of the experiment, the live weight of the experimental group was higher than that of the control by 13 %. The average daily gain for the entire period of experiments in the experimental group exceeded the same indicator in the control by 38,7 %. The rabbits of the experimental group had a higher level of productivity, as the slaughter weight and slaughter yield of rabbit carcasses in the experimental group in relation to the control group were higher by 16,6 and 2,9 %. The study drug is recom-mended to be used in the diet of rabbits in the composition of drinking water.

scholarly journals 167 Evaluation of an out-of-season breeding system for organic lamb production in missouri

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Tumen Wuliji ◽  
Amy Bax ◽  
Liga Wuri ◽  
Luke Wilbers ◽  
Christopher Boeckmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Lambing Rate

Abstract Organic production is one of the fastest growing food and agriculture industry. The seasonality of lamb production affects lamb markets and prices, whereas, an out-of-season breeding and organic fall lamb production scheme may enhance product availability and competiveness. Six rams and 100 Katahdin ewes were selected for an out-of-season breeding during April and May of 2017 and 2018, for two production years. Ewes were synchronized for estrus using CIDR® device (EaziBreed™) (12 d) before breeding and fed ‘flushing’ feed for four weeks. Ewes were bred in mixed sire groups for two estrus cycles (35 d). Animals were rotationally grazed and maintained good body condition score (3.0) throughout the seasons at certified organic farm in Missouri. Mean live weight measured monthly from breeding to lambing were 57.8, 60.1, 62.1, 64.7, and 59.3 kg. Eighty nine ewes lambed in fall 2017 giving birth to 121 lambs (136% lambing rate) and eighty eight ewes lambed in 2018 giving birth to 126 lambs (143% lambing rate). Ninety seven percent of weaned lambs were maintained as an organic production status for marketing. Lamb birth weight, average daily gain weight, weaning weight, and 30 d post weaning weight, post weaning average daily gain weight were recorded for 2017 born lambs as 3.74±0.03 kg, 21.00±0.24 kg, 24.78±0.28 kg, 176±2 g/d respectively. Organic weaner lambs were sold for 5 to 15% higher price values (P &lt; 0.05) per unit than non-organic peer groups at a local livestock auction sale.

A note on cuprous chloride as a feed additive for growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
K. G. Mitchell ◽  
R. J. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Cuprous Chloride ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYIn two experiments involving a total of 48 individually-fed pigs on experiment from 20 to 90 kg live weight, the addition per kg of diet of 250 mg Cu, provided either by copper sulphate or by cuprous chloride, similarly and significantly improved daily gain and feed: gain ratio. Neither of the supplements had any significant effect on carcass measurements but both markedly and similarly increased the copper content of the liver at slaughter weight.

Effects of plane of nutrition, diethylstilboestrol implantation and slaughter weight on the performance of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Levy ◽  
Z. Holzer ◽  
Y. Folman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Daily Gain

SummaryThe effects of two levels of energy intake, ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum, of diethylstilboestrol implantation and no such treatment, and of two slaughter weights (‘450’ and ‘490’ kg), on the performance of Israeli-Friesian intact male cattle were studied.Average daily gain was 1130 g and 959 g and daily carcass gain was 630 g and 553 g for animals on ad libitum and 80% of ad libitum energy intake, respectively. Average daily gain was 1038 g and 944 g and daily carcass gain was 595 g and 562 g, for diethylstilboestrol-treated and untreated animals, respectively. Slaughter weight had little effect on rate of gain.The differences in conversion ratio of ME into live weight between treatments were small. Diethylstilboestrol-treated animals were slightly more efficient.The non-implanted animals on the restricted plane of nutrition and which had been slaughtered at ‘490’ kg had a significantly higher dressing percentage, a higher percentage of fat trim and less bone than animals slaughtered at ‘450’ kg body weight on both levels of nutrition.Among the diethylstilboestrol-implanted male calves, however, the animals fed at 80% of ad libitum feed and killed at ‘450’ or ‘490’ kg live weight had significantly more fat trim in the carcass and less bone than the animals fed ad libitum.

Effect of pre- and post-weaning management on subsequent pig performance to slaughter and carcass quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Lawlor ◽  
P. B. Lynch ◽  
P. J. Caffrey ◽  
J. V. O’ Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Density ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of weaning weight and post-weaning diet on the performance of weaned pigs. In experiment 1, 30 litters with more than 10 pigs born alive per litter were selected. At 11 days of age, pigs of average weight for the litter were removed from 15 litters so that eight pigs remained per sow. These litters were given access to creep food (16·5 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg and 18·7 g/kg lysine). The remaining litters were left complete and were not given creep food. Pigs were weaned at 28 days of age and pairs of pigs (a male and a female littermate of similar weight) were formed from each litter (no. = 54 pairs). Pairs were blocked on the basis of litter origin and weight and assigned at random to one of the following treatments: (1) 10 kg starter diet (16·1 MJ DE per kg and 17·4 g/kg lysine) followed by link diet (15·3 MJ DE per kg and 15·0 g/kg lysine) to 27 days (high dietary regimen; HDR); or (2) 4 kg starter diet, 10 kg link diet and weaner diet to 27 days (low dietary regimen; LDR). Thereafter pigs were given common diets to slaughter at about 95·6 kg live weight. On experiment 2, four pigs (two light and two heavy) were taken from each of 32 litters (no. = 128 pigs; age = 22 days), blocked on sex, litter origin, and weaning weight and within weight category individually assigned at random to two dietary treatments: (1) high density diet (16·1 MJ DE per kg and 17·4 g/kg lysine); and (2) low density diet (15·1 MJ DE per kg and 15·7 g/kg lysine). The duration of the experiment was 26 days. In experiment 1, reducing litter size and creep feeding increased weaning weight by 0·6 kg (P 0·05). This weight advantage at weaning was lost by day 14 post weaning (P > 0·05). From day 0 to day 27 post weaning daily gain was 472 and 427 g/day (s.e.12·8; P 0·05) and food conversion efficiency was 1·26 and 1·36 g/g (s.e. 0·026; P 0·05) for HDR and LDR, respectively. In experiment 2, weaning weight was 7·1 and 5·8 kg (s.e. 0·08; P 0·01) and pig weight at day 26 post weaning was 17·5 and 15·4 kg (s.e.0·23; P 0·01) for heavy and light weight categories, respectively. In the period from day 0 to 26, food intake was 440 and 396 g/day (s.e. 8·0; P 0·01) and daily gain was 389 and 355 g/day (s.e. 8·0; P < i 0·01) for heavy and light weight categories, respectively. Weaning weight was found to be a good determinant of weight at day 26 when terms for litter origin were included (R2 = 0·67; P 0·001 for the high density diet and R2 = 0·77; P 0·001 for the low density diet). It is concluded that weaning weight can be increased by pre-weaning management but that this weight advantage is lost in the early post-weaning period. Where weaning weight was naturally higher the weight advantage was still evident at day 26 post weaning.

Intake by and performance of early-weaned calves offered unwilted or wilted silage supplemented with a cereal and protein concentrate or dried grass

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYForty-two British Friesian castrated male calves of 1 to 3 weeks of age were offered ad libitum unwilted or wilted silage made from the same sward for 21 consecutive weeks. Both silages were supplemented with a cereal and protein concentrate at two restricted levels of intake or with dried grass cobs offered ad libitum. There was little difference i n the chemical composition ofthe two silages except for DM content. Dry-matter intake of wilted silage was slightly but not significantly greater than that of unwilted silage. Differences between silages in daily gain or final live weight were not significant.An increase in the intake of the cereal and protein concentrate led to a significant decrease (P < 0·001) in silage DM intake and a significant increase (P < 0·001) in daily gain andfinallive weight. Calves offered dried grass as a supplement to silage ate similar quantities of silage DM to calves offered an equal amount of the cereal and protein supplement but gained significantly less (P < 0·001) live weight. When intakes were presented on a unit metabolic live-weight basis, calves ate significantly more (P < 0·001) silage when supplemented with dried grass than calves offered the cereal and protein supplement.

Studies on Awassi sheep in Lebanon:I. Production traits of a flock

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud Rottensten ◽  
Franklin Ampy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Mature Weight

SUMMARY1. The Awassi ewes reached an average live weight of 45 kg at two years of age and a mature weight of 57 kg at four years of age.2. The average yearly production of grease wool has been 2·2 kg.3. When rams were kept with the flock throughout the year approximately 60% of the lambings occurred during January–February. It declined rapidly during the following months and no lambs were born in July–August.4. Single lambs had an average birth weight of 4·6 kg for males and 4·3 for females. Twin lambs were about 20% lighter than singles. The corresponding weaning weight at two months of age was 17·9 and 16·8 for singles and 13·4 and 12·4 for twins.5. The twinning rate increased from 5% at first lambing to 30–35% at 6th lambing, when the ewes were about seven years old.

scholarly journals Cow efficiency: modeling the biological and economic output of a Michigan beef herd

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan R Thompson ◽  
Matthew R Beck ◽  
Daniel D Buskirk ◽  
Jason E Rowntree ◽  
Melissa G S McKendree
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
Lake City

Abstract In recent decades, beef cattle producers have selected cattle for biological traits (i.e., improved growth) to maximize revenue, leading to an increase in average cow body size. However, matching cow size to the production environment would allow producers to maximize productivity and economic returns per unit of land. This may help meet the goals of sustainable intensification, but environmental complexity and varying cow-calf production systems dictates a regional approach. The objective of this experiment was to examine the biological efficiency and economic returns of a Northern Michigan cow-calf system. We hypothesized that biological efficiency and economic returns would decrease with increasing cow body size. Data were collected from a Red Angus cow herd located at the Lake City AgBio Research Center in Lake City, MI from 2011 to 2018 on cow age, weight, and body condition score at weaning, and subsequent 205 d adjusted calf weaning weight (WW), sex, and yearling weight. Biological efficiency was defined as WW as a percentage of cow body weight (DBW). Enterprise budgeting techniques were used to calculate expected net returns from 2011 to 2018 after classifying cows into 11 BW tiers at 22.67 kg intervals beginning at 430.83 kg. Forward-looking net present value (NPV) was calculated using the same tier system, for a 10-yr production cycle with the baseline being a 200 d grazing season. Weaning weight increased with increasing DBW (P &lt; 0.01), but the percentage of cow body weight weaned was reduced by −38.58 × Ln(DBW) (P &lt; 0.01). This led to cows weaning 26.38 kg/ha more with every 100 kg drop in DBW. Expected net returns from 2011 to 2018 did not differ by DBW tier on a per cow basis but did on a per ha basis with a decrease in $10.27/ha with each increase in DBW tier (P &lt; 0.01). Net present value was maximized in the baseline scenario at 453.51 kg DBW and decreased in value as DBW increased. These results suggest that for a Northern Midwestern cow-calf herd, comparatively lighter cows provide a higher economic value on a land basis.

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