Estimation of the energy expenditure from heart rate measurements in working oxen

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rometsch ◽  
U. Roser ◽  
K. Becker ◽  
A. Susenbeth
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractThe heart rate (fH) and the energy expenditure (EE) of seven Hintenvaelder (Bos taurus) draught oxen and three zebu (Bos indicusj oxen were measured, while the animals were standing, walking and pulling different loads. Linear regressions for all animals relating EE to fH were highly significant (P < 0·001). The standard errors of the estimate expressed as a percentage of the mean EE (PE) ranged from ±6·7% to ±10·5%. Two animals with PE ±13·7% and ±17·1% were beyond that range. One year later, fH and EE were measured on six of the original seven Hinterwaelder oxen while the animals were standing and walking on a treadmill, on the level and at gradients of 3%, 6% and 9%. In the two experiments mean slope and mean intercept of the regressions of EE on fH were not different (P > 0·05). Irrespective of the kind of work (draught work or lifting work),fH allows a reliable prediction to be made of the EE of working oxen.

The analysis of the results of a rotation experiment on the use of straw and fertilizers

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Long Term Experiments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Regressions

An experiment, designed to test different ways of using straw with fertilizers, and involving a three course rotation of crops, was carried out at Rothamsted between 1933 and 1951. The methods of analysis developed for this experiment are described in the present paper and demonstrated using yields of potatoes.Treatment effects of interest are given by the mean yields over all years and the linear regressions of yield on time. These estimates are straightforward but the evaluation of their errors is complicated by the existence of correlations due to the recurrence of treatments on the same plots. Further complications are introduced when, as frequently happens in long-term experiments, treatment effects show real variation from year to year. A method is given for estimating standard errors which include a contribution from this variation.The various relationships between yields and the uncontrolled seasonal factors can also be examined; in the present experiment there is some indication that the effects of treatments on yields of potatoes are influenced by the dates of planting.In other circumstances the analysis requires modifications, some of which are briefly considered.

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

The effect of treadmill slope on the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure in cattle walking on treadmills

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Working Heart

SummaryTwo steers (Bos indicus and Bos indicus x Bos taurus) were acclimatized to an ambient temperature of 30 °C before working at this temperature on two treadmills (gradients 0 and 6°) for 2 h (one on each treadmill) whilst carrying a load equivalent to 10% of body weight. The study was then repeated at an ambient temperature of 15 °C. The effect of variation between animals, ambient temperature and rate of energy expenditure were tested on the linear regression model EEw = A PHR + B (where EEw is the energy expenditure (w/kg0·75) and PHR is the percentage increase of working heart rate over resting heart rate).Animal and ambient temperature had no significant effect on the model. The gradient of the regression line was significantly greater (P < 0·01) when the animals were expending energy at the higher rate (about 30 W/kg live weight0·75) than when they were expending energy at the lower rate (about 14 W/kg live weight0·75).

scholarly journals Sinus heart rate post pulmonary vein ablation and long-term risk of recurrences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesa von Olshausen ◽  
Ott Saluveer ◽  
Jonas Schwieler ◽  
Nikola Drca ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Heart Rate Change ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Cather ablation is known to influence the autonomic nervous system. This study sought to investigate the association of sinus heart rate pre-/post-ablation and recurrences in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Methods Between January 2012 and December 2017, data of 482 patients undergoing their first PVI were included. Sinus heart rate was recorded before (PRE), directly post-ablation (POST) and 3 months post-ablation (3 M). All patients were screened for atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrences during the one-year follow-up. Results In the total study cohort, the mean resting sinus heart rate at PRE [mean 57.9 bpm (95% CI 57.1–58.7 bpm)] increased by over 10 bpm to POST [mean 69.4 bpm (95% CI 68.5–70.3 bpm); p < 0.001] followed by a slight decrease at 3 M [mean 67.3 bpm (95% CI 66.4–68.2 bpm)] but still remaining higher compared to PRE (p < 0.001). This pattern was observed in patients with and without recurrences at POST and 3 M (both p < 0.001 compared to PRE). However, at 3 M the mean sinus heart rate was significantly lower in patients with compared to patients without recurrences (p = 0.031). In this regard, patients with a heart rate change < 11 bpm (PRE to 3 M) or, as an alternative parameter, patients with a heart rate < 60 bpm at 3 M had a significantly higher risk of recurrences compared to the remaining patients (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.82 (95% CI 1.32–2.49), p < 0.001 and HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20–2.25), p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion Our study confirms the impact of PVI on cardiac autonomic function with a significant sinus heart rate increase post-ablation. Patients with a sinus heart rate change < 11 bpm (PRE to 3 M) are at higher risk for recurrences during one-year post-PVI.

scholarly journals Assessment of the heart-rate method for determining energy expenditure in man, using a whole-body calorimeter

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Dauncey ◽  
W. P. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Activity Energy

1. The heart-rate (HR) method for determining the energy expenditure of free-living subjects has been evaluated using a whole-body calorimete in which individuals lived continuously for 27 h while carrying out normal daily activities. Eight male volunteers each occupied the calorimeter on at least two occasions when HR and energy expenditure were measured continously.2. After each session in the calorimeter a calibration was obtained using standard techniques by determining HR and heat production (HP) over periods of 10–15 min at several levels of activity. Energy expenditure in the calorimeter was then predicted, by each of five methods, from the mean HR in the calorimeter. Additionally, one session in the calorimeter was used to obtain a calibration and was used for predicting the subject's energy expenditure while in the calorimeter on other occasions.3. Standard methods of prediction using one calibration point at rest and several points during activity were unreliable for predicting the energy expenditure of an individual. The 24 h HR was at the lower end of the calibration scale and there were considerable over-estimates or underestimates of energy expenditure, particularly during the night when the mean (±SD) difference between the actual and predicted HP was −66±38±6%. A linear regression fitted to points at the lower levels of activity improved the prediction of 24 h HP while a logistic plot reduced the error even further. The best estimate of energy expenditure was that obtained from a calibration over 24 h within the calorimeter; the mean (±SD) difference between the actual and predicted 24 h HP was +3+10.5% for light activity and −3±6.7% for moderate activity. Thus current procedures for calibrating subjects may lead to large errors which could be reduced by using a respiratory chamber.

Seasonal changes in physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep maintained on semi-arid pasture

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
S. A. KARIM ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
R. BHATTA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Fodder Trees ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grazing Sheep

A study on the energy expenditure of sheep was carried out at the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, India during August 1995 to July 1996 by conducting two experiments: one on tracheal cannulated rams maintained on stall-feeding in autumn 1995 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on silvipasture (Cenchrus ciliaris pasture interspersed with fodder trees) over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer, 1995/96 (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure measurement of housed and grazing sheep were recorded at 06.00, 14.00 and 22.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Tracheostomized sheep harness with meteorological balloon were used for collection of expired air and measurement of energy expenditure. Rectal temperature (RT) of sheep at 06.00 h was similar in all the seasons except for a significant (P<0·05) lower value in monsoon. The rise of RT from 06.00 to 14.00 h in grazing animals was 1·6 °C, higher than that in housed sheep (0·9 °C). Skin temperature (ST) was least in winter and highest at 14.00 h in the monsoon and autumn seasons. Respiration rate (RR) showed a marked rise at 14.00 h in all the seasons. The heart rate (HR) of grazing sheep was higher, irrespective of season, at 14.00 h. At 06.00 and 22.00 h, the heart rate was higher in winter and summer than in the monsoon season. Overall energy expenditure (EE) was 4·85 MJ/24 h during winter which increased to 5·85 MJ/24 h in summer and 6·70 MJ/24 h in the monsoon. The mean rise in energy expenditure per °C rectal temperature in all the seasons was 338 kJ/kg W0·75. Comparable mean values per 10 °C ambient temperature and 10 °C black globe temperature were 404 and 173. The increase in energy expenditure of grazing compared to housed sheep in monsoon, winter and summer was 78, 15 and 33 % respectively. The mean value was +43%.

scholarly journals Succeeding with prolonged usage of consumer-based activity trackers in clinical studies: A mixed methods approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Henriksen ◽  
Anne-Sofie Sand ◽  
Trygve Deraas ◽  
Sameline Grimsgaard ◽  
Gunnar Hartvigsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Wear Time ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Lack of physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for death and non-communicable disease. Despite this, more than one fourth of adults worldwide do not follow PA guidelines. As part of a feasibility study to test a complex intervention for increasing PA, we included a consumer-based activity tracker (AT) as a tool to measure PA outcomes and to track heart rate during exercise sessions. The aim of the present study was to identify factors that increase wear time when using a consumer-based AT for monitoring of participants in clinical research. Methods: Sixteen participants aged 55-74 years, with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and elevated cardiovascular risk were recruited to a 12-month feasibility study. Participants wore a Polar M430 AT to collect continuous PA data during a six-month intervention followed by six months of follow-up. We performed quantitative wear time analysis, tested the validity of the AT, and completed two rounds of qualitative interviews to investigate how individual wear-time was linked to participant responses. Results: From one year of tracking, mean number of valid wear days were 292 (SD=86), i.e. 80%. The Polar M430 provides acceptable measurements for total energy expenditure. Motivations for increased wear time were that participants were asked to wear it and the ability to track PA progress. Perceived usefulness included time keeping, heart rate- and sleep tracking, becoming more conscious about day-to-day activity, and improved understanding of which activity types were more effective for energy expenditure. Sources of AT annoyance were measurement inaccuracies and limited instruction for use. Suggestions for improvement were that the AT was big, unattractive, and complicated to use.Conclusions: Adherence to wearing a consumer-based AT was high. Results indicate that it is feasible to use a consumer-based AT to measure PA over a longer period. Potential success factors for increased wear time includes adequate instruction for AT use, allowing participants to choose different AT designs, and using trackers with accurate measurements. To identify accurate trackers, AT validation studies in the target cohort may be needed. Trial registration: U.S. National Library of Medicine, Clinical Trial registry: NCT03807323; Registered 16 September 2019 – Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03807323

scholarly journals ¿Pueden las pruebas de laboratorio y de campo ser complementarias para definir el esfuerzo fisiológico por las rutas de Sierra da Estrella?

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
RF. Bartolomeu ◽  
JA. Bragada ◽  
N. Casanova ◽  
J. Casanova ◽  
MJ. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hiking Trails ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Very High

Introducción: La clasificación actual de las rutas de senderismo utilizando una combinación entre testes de laboratorio y de campo es inexistente. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar una única ruta en una base fisiológica, para dar a los practicantes una visión más profunda sobre las demandas energéticas. Metodología: Veintinueve sujetos experimentaron un sendero de 11 km. La velocidad y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) se monitorizaron continuamente. En un día separado, todos los sujetos se sometieron a una prueba intermitente y progresiva en una cinta de correr para medir tanto la FC como el consumo de oxígeno (VO2). Se calcularon las regresiones lineales entre la FC neta (FCnet) y la %VO2 reserva. Resultados: Los coeficientes de determinación medios fueron muy altos (R2 = 0.98). Los valores medios calculados de %VO2res para esta ruta fueron del 42%. Conclusiones: esta ruta mostró ser adecuada para quienes buscan caminatas de intensidad leve a moderada. Al caminar a diferentes velocidades en esta ruta o en rutas redondas similares, se puede usar la fórmula %VO2res = 0.64 + 0.77 * FCnet para evaluar la intensidad de la caminata. La complementariedad de las pruebas de campo y de laboratorio demostró ser útil y confiable para definir las exigencias energéticas de la caminata. Background: The current classification of the hiking trails using an agreement between lab and field test is inexistent. The aim of this study was to characterize a single route in a physiological basis. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects underwent a 11km hike. The velocity and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. In a separate day, all subjects underwent a laboratory test to measure both HR and Oxygen uptake (VO2). Linear regressions between net HR (HRnet) vs %VO2 reserve were computed. Results: The mean coefficients of determination were very high (R2=0.98). The calculated %VO2reserve mean values for this route were 42%. Conclusions: This route elicited light-to-moderate intensities. When hiking in this or in similar round routes, the formula %VO2reserve=0.64+0.77*HRnet can be used to assess the hiking intensity. The complementarity of the field and lab tests proved to be useful and reliable in defining the energetic demands of the hike.

scholarly journals Feasibility of heart-rate monitoring to estimate total level and pattern of energy expenditure in a population-based epidemiological study: the Ely young cohort feasibility study 1994–5

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Wareham ◽  
Susie J. Hennings ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
Nicholas E. Day
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Total Level ◽  
The Mean

Increasing the precision of measurements of total energy expenditure in population-based epidemiological studies is important for accurately quantifying the relationship between this exposure and disease. Current questionnaire-based methods cannot accurately quantify total energy expenditure, although they may provide an estimate of the frequency of vigorous activities. Heart rate monitoring with individual calibration has been advocated as a method for assessing energy expenditure in field studies and has been compared with the ‘gold standard’ techniques of doubly-labelled water and indirect calorimetry. However the method has previously only been used on small and selected populations. This study was, therefore, established to test the feasibility of using heart rate monitoring in a population-based study of adults. A total of 167 individuals aged 30–40 years were randomly selected and underwent 4 d heart-rate monitoring. Only three individuals could not complete the protocol. The mean physical activity level (PAL) measured over 4 d was 1.89 (sd 0.40) in men and 1.76 (sd 0.31) in women. There was no difference between mean PAL on weekend days compared with weekdays (mean paired difference 0.0008, 95% CI −0.06 to + 0.06). The estimate of mean PAL was not correlated with BMI, percentage body fat or the waist:hip ratio. It was, however, correlated with cardio-respiratory fitness as measured by VO2max per kg (Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.50 in men and 0.42 in women). The pattern of energy expenditure was assessed by calculating the percentage of daytime hours in which PAL was greater than five times basal energy expenditure. This measure was strongly correlated with the mean PAL in both men (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.77) and women (0.71). We conclude that heart-rate monitoring is a feasible method for assessing the pattern and total level of energy expenditure in medium-sized epidemiological studies. It may also prove useful as the reference technique for calibrating questionnaires to estimate energy expenditure in larger scale studies.

scholarly journals The use of heart rate monitoring in the estimation of energy expenditure: a validation study using indirect whole-body calorimetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana M. Ceesay ◽  
Andrew M. Prentice ◽  
Kenneth C. Day ◽  
Peter R. Murgatroyd ◽  
Gail R. Goldberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Individual Calibration ◽  
The Mean

1. A modified heart rate (HR) method for predicting total energy expenditure (TEE) was cross-validated against whole-body calorimetry (CAL). Minute-by-minute HR was converted to energy expenditure (EE) using individual calibration curves when HR exceeded a pre-determined ‘FLEX’ value designed to discriminate periods of activity. (‘FLEX’ HR was defined as the mean of the highest HR during rest and the lowest HR during the lightest imposed exercise.) Sedentary EE (below FLEX) was calculated as the mean EE during lying down, sitting and standing at rest. Sleeping EE was calculated as basal metabolic rate (BMR) predicted from standard equations.2. Calibration curves of oxygen consumption v. HR for different postures at rest and during exercise were obtained for twenty healthy subjects (eleven male, nine female); mean r 0.941 (SD 0.04). The mean FLEX HR for men and women were 86 (sd 10) and 96 (SD 6) beats/min respectively.3. Simultaneous measurements of HR and EE were made during 21 h continuous CAL, which included 4 x 30 min imposed exercise (cycling, rowing, stepping, jogging). HR exceeded FLEX for a mean of 98 (SD 41) min. Mean TEE by CAL (TEE. CAL) was 8063 (sd 1445) kJ.4. The HR method yielded a mean non-significant underestimate in TEE (TEE. HR) of 1.2 (sd 6.2)% (range−11.4 to + 10.6 %). Regression of TEE. HR (y) v. TEE. CAL (X) yielded Y = 0.868 X +927 kJ, r 0.943, se of the estimate 458 kJ, n 20.5. The satisfactory predictive power and low cost of the method makes it suitable for many field and epidemiological applications.

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