The level of empathy among students of the first three grades in the point of view of their teachers in schools in the schools affiliated to the Marka Brigade in Jordan in the light of some variables: مستوى التعاطف لدى طلبة الصفوف الثلاث الأولى من وجهة نظر معلميهم في المدارس التابعة لمديرية لواء ماركا في الأردن في ضوء بعض المتغيرات

This study aimed at investigating the level of empathy among students of the first three grades in the teacher’s point of view in the schools affiliated to the Marka Brigade in Jordan in the light of these variables: Gender, Qualifications and the teacher’s years of experience. And the sample was formed which was selected randomly between (293) teachers during the second semester of the year (2020/2021), and to achieve the goals of the study a scale was developed to measure the level of empathy, and after verifying the validity and reliability of the scale it was applied to the study sample members, and to find out the level of empathy among students in the first three grades the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the scores of the study sample members were calculated on the study tool, and to examine the differences attributed to the teacher’s qualification and experience, the one- way analysis was used. and the study results indicated that the average response of the members of the sample was high, and the study results also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences in the empathy level among the students of the first three grades according to the gender variable of the teacher, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) at the total level of empathy among students according to the qualification variable of the teacher, and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α≤0.05) at the total level of empathy among students of the first three grades according to the experience variable of the teacher. and the researcher concluded a set of recommendations, most notably designing training programs for teachers responsible for the first three grades and activating their role in developing the emotional and social skills of their students, and studying empathy among students at other age stages and from their point of view.

Design of a roll crusher for sunflower stems and substantiation of the rational modes of its operation

This paper reports a study of the technological process of grinding plant residues of sunflower and the causal relationships of factors that form the system of quality indicators. The necessary prerequisites for determining rational modes and parameters of the roll crusher have been devised. A prototype of the roll crusher was designed and fabricated, in which the cutting knives are arranged along the entire width of the grip in a staggered manner, with the possibility to change the angle of inclination to the axis of drum rotation in the range of 5...20°. It was established that in the case of the right-side arrangement of the cutting edge of knives, the highest total level of the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 101‒150 mm with an additional load weighing 800 kg exceeded by 1.58 times the corresponding indicators of the roll with an additional load of 600 kg. The largest overall value of the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 0‒200 mm when additionally loading the roll with 800 kg was 1.13 times higher than the corresponding indicators of the roll with an additional load of 600 kg. In the range of 0‒200 mm, with an additional load on the roll of 600 kg, at the left-side arrangement of the cutting edge of the knives of the roll, higher total percentage of crushed stems was observed compared to the right-side arrangement. At a speed of 7.45 km/h, 13.6 km/h, the cumulative value of the percentage of crushed stems exceeded the corresponding indicators at the right-side arrangement of knives by 1.09 times, at the speed of 18.6 km/h – by 1.04 times, at the speed of 22 km/h – by 1.04 times, respectively. It has been noted that at the left-side arrangement of the cutting edge of the knives of the roll, the percentage of crushed stems in the range of 51‒100 mm, with an additional load of 600 kg, exceeded the corresponding indicators with an additional load of 800 kg. At the speed of 10.08 km/h, it was exceeded by 1.9 times; at the speed of 13.6 km/h – by 1.44 times; at the speed of 18.6 km/h – by 1.96 times; at the speed of 22 km/h – by 1.99 times, respectively

Fitness Analysis and Transcriptome Profiling Following Repeated Mild Heat Stress of Varying Frequency in Drosophila melanogaster Females

Understanding how repeated stress affects metabolic and physiological functions in the long run is of crucial importance for evaluating anthropogenic pressure on the environment. We investigated fertility, longevity and metabolism in D. melanogaster females exposed to short-term heat stress (38 °C, 1 h) repeated daily or weekly. Daily stress was shown to cause a significant decrease in both fertility and longevity, as well as in body mass and triglyceride (fat) content, but a significant increase in trehalose and glucose content. Weekly stress did not affect longevity and carbohydrate metabolism but resulted in a significant decrease in body mass and fat content. Weekly stress did not affect the total level of fertility, despite sharp fertility drops on the exact days of stressing. However, stressing insects weekly, only in the first two weeks after eclosion, caused a significant increase in the total level of fertility. The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the fat bodies and adjacent tissues of researched groups with the use of RNA-Seq profiling revealed changes in signal pathways related to proteolysis/digestion, heat shock protein 23, and in the tightly linked stress-inducible humoral factor Turandot gene network.

Comparison of cyanide content in arbila beans (Phaseolus lunatus l) of East Nusa Tenggara using picrate and acid hydrolysis methods

Arbila beans contains cyanogenic compounds in the form of linamarin (cyanoglucosides), acetone cyanohydrin, and free cyanide, all together constitute total cyanide content. The objective of this study was to compare the cyanide content in arbila beans analyzed by picrate and acid hydrolysis methods. Picrate method measures total cyanide only. Cyanide content was identified by using a picrate paper, which turned into yellow. The absorbance was measured by a spectrophotometer at 510 nm. Acid hydrolysis method measures cyanide in arbila beans in the form of linamarin, acetone cyanohydrin, and free cyanide. Linamarin wa hydrolyzed in H3PO4 solution. Estimated cyanide levels was measured by using a colorimetric procedure. Data was analyzed using Independent sample t-test (SPSS v.16). The results showed that, there was no difference in the total level of cyanide in both methods. Total cyanide measured by picrate and acid hydrolysis method was 2705.17 ppm and 2693.29 ppm, respectively. In addition, the three forms of cyanide content were as follows: linamarin 926.22 ppm, cyanohydrin 556.01 ppm, and free cyanide 1211.06 ppm. Based on the results, both methods can be used for total cyanide analysis. To determine the form of cyanide other than total cyanide, it is recommended to use the acid hydrolysis method.

PSXV-14 Level of spontaneous oxidative modification of sperm plasma proteins in stallions of different ages

The objective of the study was to assess the level of spontaneous oxidative modification of sperm plasma proteins (OMP) in young and mature stallions as indicators of the severity of oxidative stress. Sperm from 12 stallions aged 14–18 years (average age 15.8±1.9 years) (Group I) and 12 stallions aged 3–5 years (average age 4.3±0.6 years; Group II) was obtained during the breeding season (February-May). Each ejaculate was evaluated by volume, concentration, total number of spermatozoa, as well as by the progressive motility and survival of spermatozoa in diluted sperm during its hypothermic storage at +4°C. For a quantitative assessment of the OMP level, a spectrophotometric analysis of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed during the interaction of carbonyl derivatives of proteins with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine was carried out (SF-2000, Russia). The level of aldehyde- and ketone-dinitrophenylhydrazones of neutral (ADNPHn, KDNPHn) and basic (ADNPGb, KDNPGb), and the total level of OMP (S OMP) was measured. Significance of differences was assessed by the Mann-Whitney test, the results were statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. The total level of spontaneous OMP of sperm plasma in aged stallions is statistically significantly higher than in young stallions (531.7 and 384.3 Uod/g protein, respectively, P < 0.05). This indicates a higher degree of oxidative stress in Group I, a more significant damage to the amino acid residues of sperm plasma proteins. In Group I a shift in the absorption spectrum towards neutral aldehyde derivatives (367.6 and 255.8 Uod/g protein, respectively, P < 0.05) was noted. We assume that the pro-oxidant systems in a stallion body increasingly prevail over the protective ones with the age. This leads to an increase in the level of OMP in the sperm and a decrease in the survival of spermatozoa during the hypothermic storage of diluted sperm. Authors acknowledge financial support from Russian Science Foundation, Grant No: 20-16-00101.

Examining the relationship between multidimensional parenting styles and digital parenting awareness levels of parents

This article provides an overview of the relationship between parents' multidimensional parenting styles and digital parenting awareness levels. The article summarizes the structure of parenting styles that exist with the social changes in the 21st century and the research findings on parents' awareness levels. In the study, the relational screening model was used to examine the relationship between parents' multidimensional parenting styles and their digital parenting awareness levels. As a result of examining the multidimensional parenting styles of the participants in the study, it was determined that the proactive average had the highest value. A positive correlation was found between total digital parenting awareness and proactive, positive reinforcement, supportive approach, and cordial relationship. In addition, it was determined that hostility and low control decreased the total level of digital parenting awareness, while positive reinforcement increased the total level of digital parenting awareness. Another result of the research is that hostility reduces the level of protection from risks, while positive reinforcement increases the level of protection from risks. Keywords: Multidimensional parenting styles; digital parenting; primary education.

Improving efficiency of operational control in the expert evaluation of grain quality

Traditional methods for evaluating sowing and technological characteristics of grain do not sufficiently reveal the caryopsis internal structure damages. They can only be recorded using the microfocus soft X-ray radiography method. The aim of this work was, with the help of X-ray, to evaluate the hidden integrity of the caryopsis structure (including the period of the post-harvest maturation) to increase the efficiency of expert assessment of the degree of economic suitability of grain batches. Seeds of Hordеum vulgare L. variety ‘Suzdalets’ harvested in 2015 in the Gatchina and Vsevolozhsk districts of the Leningrad region, malting barley from the Morskoy Port St. Petersburg (2015–2016), as well as corn grain (Zea mais L.) harvested in 2010 and 2011 were the objects of the research. Grain, which is for feed use only, was provided by the poultry farm “Severnaya”. The poultry farm “Roskar” provided samples harvested in 2017. We used the microfocus radiography method combined with a visual analysis of digital X-ray images to detect hidden grain defects. Experimental data on the evaluation of quality and biosafety of barley and maize grain for various purposes determined by radiographic signs of hidden damage are presented. The survey highlighted several key points: the seed lots obtained in the Vsevolozhsk district had a low total level of hidden defects (39 %); in the seed lots obtained in the Gatchina district, this figure was significantly higher (> 140 %). The germination rate for these options, determined six months after harvesting, turned out to be 89 and 74 %, respectively; it was higher for batches of seeds with a small value of the total indicator of hidden defects. Samples, the total level of hidden defects of which was lower (29 %), had a higher germination index (97 %) compared to the same in seed samples with a total level of hidden defects 70 % or more (85–90 %). X-ray analysis of corn grain samples obtained at the poultry farm “Roskar” revealed that the amount of grain with defects in the embryo (hidden germination) compared with the same in grain lots from the poultry farm “Severnaya” was low and varied from 17 to 29 %. The index of the hidden fissuring rate in these samples was not reliably recorded. However, we detected such internal grain damage as enzyme mycosis depletion (64 to 98 %). Research results are the basis for the development of new engineering and technical solutions for the “gentle” agricultural technologies to obtain batches of high-quality non-injured grain that ensure high competitiveness in the global grain market.

Alteration of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Profiles in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice

Aim: To identify the alterations of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA profiles in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI) in mice.Materials and Methods: The total level of m6A and the expression of methyltransferases and demethylases in the kidneys were measured. The profiles of methylated RNAs were determined by the microarray method. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the functions.Results: Global m6A levels were increased after cisplatin treatment, accompanied by the alterations of Mettl3, Mettl14, Wtap, Fto, and Alkbh5. A total of 618 mRNAs and 98 lncRNAs were significantly differentially methylated in response to cisplatin treatment. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the methylated mRNAs predominantly acted on the metabolic process.Conclusion: M6A epitranscriptome might be significantly altered in Cis-AKI, which is potentially implicated in the development of nephrotoxicity.

Population ethical intuitions

We investigated lay people’s population ethical intuitions (N = 4,374), i.e., their moral evaluations of populations that differ in size and composition. First, we found that people place greater relative weight on, and are more sensitive to, suffering compared to happiness. Participants, on average, believed that more happy people are needed to outweigh a given amount of unhappy people in a population (Studies 1a-c). Second, we found that—in contrast to so-called person-affecting views—people do not consider the creation of new people as morally neutral. Participants considered it good to create a new happy person and bad to create a new unhappy person (Study 2). Third, we found that people take into account both the average level (averagism) and the total level (totalism) of happiness when evaluating populations. Participants preferred populations with greater total happiness levels when the average level remained constant (Study 3) and populations with greater average happiness levels when the total level remained constant (Study 4). When the two principles were in conflict, participants’ preferences lay in between the recommendations of the two principles, suggesting that both are applied simultaneously (Study 5). In certain cases, participants even showed averagist preferences when averagism disfavors adding more happy people and favors adding more unhappy people to a population (Study 6). However, when participants were prompted to reflect as opposed to rely on their intuitions, their preferences became more totalist (Studies 5-6). Our findings have implications for moral psychology, philosophy and policy making.