Growth, abdominal fat content, heat production and plasma hormone levels of naked-neck and control broiler chickens

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
E. Decuypere ◽  
J. Buyse ◽  
P. Mérat ◽  
J. Zoons ◽  
J. Vloeberghs
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe depressing effect of high rearing temperature (30°C) on body weights of heterozygous naked-neck broiler chickens was apparently less pronounced than in control broiler chickens but no effect of genotype, rearing temperature or interaction on abdominal fat pad content was found. Both genotype and rearing temperature affected plasma tri-iodothyronine but not growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in plasma. Rearing temperature of 20°C or 30°C had effect neither on the slope of the thermoregulatory heat production curves nor on the lower critical temperature in either genotypes except at 4 weeks of age.

Effect Of L-Thyroxin Hormone (T4) On Compensatory Growth In Broiler Chicks

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
A. Hassanabadi ◽  
A. golian
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Purpose of researches in feed restriction area is improvement of feed efficiency, decrease of carcass fat content and abdominal fat pad size (Plavnik and Hurvitz,1991).Birds after early life feed restriction have less maintenance requirements due to decrease of heat increment and decrease of basal metabolic rate and specific dynamic action of food (Forsum et al.,1981).In many investigations, compensatory growth have not observed (Summers et al.,1990).It seems administration of Thyroid hormone after feed restriction can induce compensatory growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of early feed restriction and L-Thyroxin administration after early feed restriction on compensatory growth in broiler chickens.

Effect of heat stress for specific period on juvenile traits, feed efficiency and some heat stress parameters in different genetic groups of broilers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L.N. Reddy ◽  
K. S. Rajaravindra ◽  
U. Rajkumar ◽  
M. R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Naked Neck ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stress Parameters

To evaluate the effect of heat stress an experiment was conducted in which one cross (PB-1X Naked neck), two pure lines ( PB-1 and Naked neck) and corresponding control populations were generated simultaneously on the same day.120 chicks in PB-1X Naked neck (Control 120), 91 chicks in Naked neck pure( Control 82) and 81 chicks in PB-1 pure ( Control 80)were generated. Temperatures were raised (up to 40°C) by providing the two halogen lamps in each of the heat stressed genetic groups from 4-6 weeks of age. Body weights were recorded at 0, 2,4, 6 and 7 weeks of age along with conformational traits like breast angle and shank length at 6 weeks of age. 2ml of blood was collected at 6weeks of age from all the 6 genetic groups (10 birds from each) to estimate the heat stress parameters. Feed efficiency was recorded at 6 weeks and 7 weeks of age. Significant differences were found for SOD, CAT, ALP and GPx between heat stressed and control genetic groups. Higher estimates were found in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to corresponding control groups. For juvenile body weights in stressful conditions there is significant difference between genetic groups. Lower juvenile body weights were recorded in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to control groups. Lower feed efficiency was recorded in heat stressed genetic groups as compared to corresponding control groups.

The effect of different dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratios on the performance and serum lipids in broiler chickens

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 162-162
Author(s):  
B. Navidshad ◽  
M. Shivazad ◽  
A. Zare Shahneh ◽  
G. Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Fat Pad

Fat saturation degree and the age of bird are two important factors for broilers’ ability to digest fats. It has been shown that hepatic fatty acid synthetase activity is decreased by diets with added sunflower oil (rich in PUFA of n-6 series) compared with those fed lard and this can result in abdominal fat pad reduction. (Sanz et al., 2000). It is well known that dietary intake of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs is effective in lowering blood lipid level, but they differ in their effect on serum lipid concentrations. It has been observed that n-6 fatty acids lower serum cholesterol level, but not triacylglycerol; n-3 fatty acids lower both serum cholesterol and serum triacylglycerol level in experimental animals (Berr et al., 1993). The objective of this study was to survey the effects of different dietary unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio on performance, abdominal fat pad and serum lipids in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental temperature on muscle protein turnover and heat production in tube-fed broiler chickens

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus D. Yunianto ◽  
K. Hayashit ◽  
S. Kaiwda ◽  
A. Ohtsuka ◽  
Y. Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Muscle Protein Turnover ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The present experiments4 were undertaken to investigate the effects of environmental temperatures on growth, abdominal fat content, rate of muscle protein turnover, and heat production in tube-fed intact male broiler chickens. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and corticosterone (CTC) were also examined. Chicks (15d old) were kept at different environmental temperatures (16,19,22,25,28,31, and 34°) and given the experimental diet (200g crude protein/kg, 13·;57M/kg metabolizable energy) by tube three times daily throughout the 12d experimental period. In the hot conditions, except for 34°, body-weight gain was significantly higher than in the cold conditions. Thus, food conversion ratios (food: gain ratios) were lower when the birds were exposed to the hot conditions other than 34°. Likewise, abdominal fat content was significantly increased, and heat production was lower in the groups kept under the hot conditions other than 34°. The rate of skeletal muscle protein turnover and plasma concentration of CTC were decreased when the birds were exposed to hot conditions other than 34°. suggesting a role of CTC in the regulation of muscle protein turnover. Plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 were significantly decreased as environmental temperature increased. These results clearly show that plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones and CTC are associated with accelerated muscle protein turnover and heat production.

Single injection of clenbuterol into newly hatched chicks decreases abdominal fat pad weight in growing broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1298-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daichi Ijiri ◽  
Kanae Ishitani ◽  
Mahmoud Mohamed Hamza El-Deep ◽  
Mana Kawaguchi ◽  
Saki Shimamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Pad

RELATIONSHIPS OF CARCASS FAT AND GRADE TRAITS IN BROILER CHICKENS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KAZAKOV ◽  
G. W. FRIARS ◽  
J. D. HOLT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
General Study ◽  
Large Numbers

Three categorical traits, namely breast fat, back fat and fleshing grades, and four continuous traits, represented by abdominal fat pad as a percent of carcass weight, percent carcass fat, percent carcass moisture and percent carcass protein were studied in broilers. The data were derived from a large general study involving four experiments. Results suggested independence of fat and fleshing traits. The various measures of fat and fleshing exhibited an intermediate level of heritability (0.26–0.60). The results suggest that carcass grades may be useful in a breeding program aimed at the reduction of fat in broiler carcasses, particularly where carcass grades can be established on large numbers of identified progeny in a killing plant. Furthermore, the low correlations between fat and fleshing grades negates the industry view that the problems of excess fat is associated with poor fleshing. In fact the genetic parameters indicate that the establishment of lines of fast growing, lean, well fleshed broilers should be feasible. Key words: Broilers, fat, categorical traits

Dietary supplements of methionine increase breast meat yield and decrease abdominal fat in growing broiler chickens

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Breast Meat

The response of male broiler chickens to graded amounts of an essential amino acid (methionine) or an amino acid analogue (methionine hydroxy analogue free acid, MHA-FA) was examined in this experiment. The effects of each supplement on food intake, food conversion and the masses of a demand tissue (breast meat) and an indicator of body fat (abdominal fat pad) were measured. Birds grew significantly faster, ate more and had a lower food conversion ratio when there was more DL-methionine or MHA-FA in the diet. After standardising the differences in food intake between treatments, there were still highly significant differences in liveweight between diets. After removing the variation due to treatment differences in body mass, the data showed that adding either DL-methionine or MHA-FA to the diet increased the mass of breast meat and reduced the size of the abdominal fat pad. Exponential equations fitted to the body mass and feed conversion ratio data indicate that, in an equimolar comparison, MHA-FA is 78 and 70% as potent as DL-methionine for growth and feed conversion ratio respectively. Similar equations fitted to the carcass data show that MHA-FA is only 71% as potent as DL-methionine in depositing breast tissue. Increasing amounts of DL-methionine reduced the variability in liveweight and carcass, breast and abdominal fat pad weights. Adding 0.05% MHA-FA reduced variability in these traits compared with the basal ration but higher amounts of MHA-FA had no additional effect.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary macronutrient content on energy metabolism and uncoupling protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Collin ◽  
Ramon D. Malheiros ◽  
Vera M. B. Moraes ◽  
Pieter Van As ◽  
Veerle M. Darras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Avian Ucp

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary macronutrient ratio on energy metabolism and on skeletal muscle mRNA expression of avian uncoupling protein (UCP), thought to be implicated in thermogenesis in birds. Broiler chickens from 2 to 6 weeks of age received one of three isoenergetic diets containing different macronutrient ratios (low-lipid (LL) 30 v. 77 g lipid/kg; low-protein (LP) 125 v. 197 g crude protein (N×6·25)/kg; low-carbohydrate (LC) 440 v. 520 g carbohydrate/kg). LP chickens were characterised by significantly lower body weights and food intakes compared with LL and LC chickens (−47 and −38 % respectively) but similar heat production/kg metabolic body weight, as measured by indirect calorimetry, in the three groups. However, heat production/g food ingested was higher in animals receiving the LP diet (+41 %, P<0·05). These chickens also deposited 57 % less energy as protein (P<0·05) and 33 % more as fat. No significant differences in energy and N balances were detected between LL and LC chickens. The diets with the higher fat contents (i.e. the LP and LC diets) induced slightly but significantly higher relative expressions of avian UCP mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle, measured by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, than the LL diet (88 and 90 v. 78 % glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase respectively, P<0·05). Our present results are consistent with the recent view that UCP homologues could be involved in the regulation of lipid utilisation as fuel substrate and provide evidence that the macronutrient content of the diet regulates energy metabolism and especially protein and fat deposition.

Effects of Skip a Day Feeding and Dietary Fat Type on Abdominal Fat Pad and Blood Lipids in Broiler Chickens

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 2748-2752
Author(s):  
M. Nosrati ◽  
A. Qutbi . ◽  
B. Navidshad . ◽  
Z. Mirhoseini . ◽  
A. Jafari Sayadi . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Pad
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