scholarly journals Nutrition transition in Chile revisited: mid-term evaluation of obesity goals for the period 2000–2010

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Vio ◽  
Cecilia Albala ◽  
Juliana Kain
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
School Children ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Board ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the nutritional status component of the nutrition transition in Chile in relation to the evolution of obesity rates in all age groups until 2005, comparing these with the goals established by the Ministry of Health for the period 2000–2010.Design and settingA descriptive study which includes data on the nutritional status of the Chilean population categorised by age. The data originate from: (1) institutions which administer nutritional programmes – the National Board for Day-Care Centres (JUNJI) and the National Board for School Assistance and Scholarships (JUNAEB); (2) the Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics; and (3) epidemiological studies which include adolescents and the elderly.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in pre-school children attending JUNJI was 10.6% in 2005; by age group, it was 6% in 2-year-olds, 11% in 3-year-olds and 14% in 4-year-olds. Among schoolchildren in first grade, obesity prevalence was 18.5%. In pregnant women, obesity has increased from 12% in 1987 to 33% in 2004. For adults, the 2003 National Health Survey showed that the prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m−2) was 22% and of morbid obesity (BMI≥40 kg m−2), 1.3%. Obesity varied according to gender and educational level, being higher among women (25% vs. 19% in men) and adults from low socio-economic levels. In the elderly there was a high prevalence of obesity in the 60–64 years age group for both men (35.6%) and women (44.1%), decreasing to 18% and 26%, respectively, in those aged 75 years and older.ConclusionsThe goals for the decade (2000–2010) consider a reduction of obesity rates from 10% to 7% in pre-school children attending JUNJI, and from 16% to 12% in schoolchildren attending first grade. For pregnant women, the goal is to reduce the prevalence from 32% to 28%. Despite the implementation of initiatives in nutrition and physical activity, these have been insufficient to shift the rising trend in obesity. The explanation could be that after a rapid rise in obesity in children and pregnant women between 1987 and 2000, a stabilisation period or a ‘plateau’ is observed. In that situation, very effective interventions are required to reduce obesity, because it is extremely difficult to reverse the trend. Some positive experiences are being implemented in Chile, but government priorities are not focused in health promotion. A comprehensive State Policy in health promotion, that includes the public and private sectors related with obesity, is needed to reverse this trend.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in adolescent school children in Western Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3072
Author(s):  
Jagannath S. Shete ◽  
Anjali V. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Estimate Prevalence

Background: There is an increase in prevalence of childhood obesity and its chronic health effects especially in developing countries like India in last 2-3 decades. This study is small effort to know prevalence and risk factors causing obesity. Aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of obesity and its risk factors in school students of age group 11 to 16 years.Methods: About 207 adolescent school children from selected school were enrolled in the study. Research tool comprised of questions about demographic characteristics, daily physical activity, frequency of having junk food intake etc. Height and weight were measured on calibrated scales. For statistical analysis MS Excel and SPSS 16 were used.Results: Among participants 58.9% were boys. 66.7% students were in the 13 to 14 years of age group. As per body mass index, 46.9% children were underweight and 8.7% were obese. 77.3% participants were eating junk food more than once in a week.Conclusions: Health education on dietary habits and physical activity is needed for adolescent children to prevent development of obesity and complications related to it.

scholarly journals Determination of Deoxynivalenol Biomarkers in Italian Urine Samples

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Santis ◽  
Debegnach ◽  
Miano ◽  
Moretti ◽  
Sonego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Before And After

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin mainly produced by Fusarium graminearum that can contaminate cereals and cereal-based foodstuff. Urinary DON levels can be used as biomarker for exposure assessment purposes. This study assessed urinary DON concentrations in Italian volunteers recruited by age group, namely children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. In addition, vulnerable groups, namely vegetarians and pregnant women, were included in the study. To determine the urinary DON, its glucuronide and de-epoxydated (DOM-1) forms, an indirect analytical approach was used, measuring free DON and total DON (as sum of free and glucuronides forms), before and after enzymatic treatment, respectively. Morning urine samples were collected on two consecutive days, from six different population groups, namely children, adolescent, adults, elderly, vegetarians and pregnant women. Total DON was measured in the 76% of the collected samples with the maximum incidences in children and adolescent age group. Urine samples from children and adolescent also showed the highest total DON levels, up to 17.0 ng/mgcreat. Pregnant women had the lowest positive samples per category (40% for day 1 and 43% for day 2, respectively), low mean levels of total DON (down to 2.84 ng/mgcreat) and median equal to 0 ng/mgcreat. Estimation of DON dietary intake reveals that 7.5% of the total population exceeds the TDI of 1 μg/kg bw/day set for DON, with children showing 40% of individuals surpassing this value (male, day 2).

scholarly journals Food habits and Pregnancy outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devdatt Pitale
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Maternal Nutritional Status ◽  
Nicu Admission

Abstract Introduction: Nutrition during pregnancy plays an important role for an optimum outcome of pregnancy. Women may be malnourished even before they become pregnant and this may further adversely affect the pregnancy. Maternal undernutrition can lead to poor intrauterine growth and low weight of the baby at birth. Moreover, the leading causes for maternal deaths like hemorrhage and infection are related directly or indirectly to nutrition. Aim of the Study: To study the impact of existing food habits on pregnancy outcome in a south Indian population. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care and research institute in India. From the antenatal clinic, 350 women who satisfied the following inclusion and exclusion criteria were admitted to the study. Results: The majority of pregnant women belonged to the age group of 21-25 yrs (47%) followed by the 26-30 yrs age group (40%).The number of teenage pregnancies was 30 (8%) whereas 5% of pregnant women belong the age group of 31-35 yrs.83% of the study population belonged to the low socioeconomic class. Majority of the babies (66%) had the birth weight in the range of 2.5-2.9 kgs. 29 % of babies had birth weight in the range of 3-3.5 kgs. There was a significant association (p value < 0.05) between the socioeconomic status of the mother, parity and her calorie intake. The present study found a statistically significant association between the maternal nutritional status, the birth weight of the baby and the need for NICU admission (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal food habits have an impact on the pregnancy outcome. Maternal food habits are influenced by many factors like socioeconomic status, parity, social food taboos and pregnancy itself. The pregnancy outcomes like birth weight, need for NICU admission and postnatal complications are influenced by maternal nutritional status.

scholarly journals Impact of intestinal helminthes infections on stunting, wasting, normal biochemical and hematological values on school children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Daniel Tarekegn ◽  
Meseret Birhanie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia, the second populous nation in Africa, has been grouped under low income countries. Stunting, underweight and wasting in school children in Ethiopia are very common. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional status compared to WHO standards and impact of intestinal helminthes on normal growth, normal hematological and biochemical values in the school children in Azezo Elementary School in Gondar Town. Methods: Demographic data and information about possible risk factors were obtained using standard pre-tested questioners for all study subjects. WHO AnthroPlus software version 1.04 (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) were used to classify school children as normal, stunted, wasted and obese after height and body weight measurements were obtained. The Kato Katz technique was performed to screen students for intestinalhelmenthinfections and calculate eggs per gram stool (epg). Haematological and biochemical normal values were obtained from hematology fully-automated cell counter (Mindray BC-3200) and Mindray BS-200E chemistry analyzer. Results: Atotal of 384 school children with age ranged from 7 to 15 years old were recruited in this study. Of the total school children analysed for body mass index and height for age Z scores (BAZ and HAZ scores), 103 (26.8%) were wasted (Z scores < -2SD) and 47 (12.2%) stunted (< -2SD). Gender showed no statistically significantly differences (p>0.05) for BAZ and HAZ. The prevalence of overall stunting in 7-10 age group was 0.7% (1/146) compared to 19.5% (46/236) in 11-15 age group (p=0.000). Intestinal helminthes infections were statistically significantly associated (p = 0.000) with hypo-gycocemia, hypo-proteinaemia and anemia compared with non-infected school children. The likelihood of anemia in intestinal helminth infected school children, when it was compared with uninfected was 148 times higher for both Ascarislumbericoides-Schistosomamansoni co-infection, 38 times for Hook worm, 20 times for Schistosomamansoni and 3 times for Ascarislumbericoidesmono-infection. Conclusion: Malnutrition and intestinal helminthes infections are serious problem in normal growth of the school children. Poverty associated malnutrition is the most important risk factor for stunting. Key Words: School children; Malnutrition; Intestinal Helminth infections; Nutritional status ; Gondar town

Nutrition and life style in the elderly – risk factors and recommendations

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Antal ◽  
Andrea Regöly-Mérei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Life Style ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Healthy Persons

Demographic data appear to demonstrate an increase in the number and ratio of elderly world-wide. Authors give a short survey on physiological alterations occurring at older age, on methods suitable for assessing nutritional status and criticism thereof. Nutritional and life style habits are also discussed. Prevalence of obesity and undernutrition and their sequelae are likewise presented. Diagnosis of undernutrition by using questionnaire can significantly improve the efficiency of family doctors’ activity. Authors provide recommendations for improving nutrition and life style in healthy persons with optimal body mass, and for obese and undernourished subjects. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 182–189.

scholarly journals Relationship between the nutritional status and food consumption inside the school in adolescents of Mexico City

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rey Gutiérrez ◽  
Claudia Radilla ◽  
Salvador Vega ◽  
Beatriz Schettino ◽  
Jorge Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Free Moments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractThere is a concern that the bad habits and lifestyles of adolescents such as the consumption of foods rich in sugars and fats in free moments, like school recess acts as a factor that intervenes in the increase of weight. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional status and the food consumption inside the school in adolescents of Mexico City. A sample of 1457 first-grade adolescents from high schools was obtained. A food consumption frequency questionnaire was applied inside the school. Likewise, anthropometric measures were taken and through the use of Who Anthro Plus program, the nutritional status diagnosis was obtained. The obtained data was analyzed with the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics® version 20.0 for Windows. It was found that adolescents who frequently consume sweets, snacks, flavored waters, bottled juices, confectionery products and ice cream have a higher prevalence of obesity (15.2%, 17.4%, 21.4%, 17.7%, 16.2% and 19.9%, respectively), compared to adolescents who never consume these products (11.6%, 12.6%, 11.9%, 10.5%, 14.6%, and 12.1%, respectively). Likewise, it was found that adolescents who frequently consume fruit, water, yogurt, vegetables and milk have a lower prevalence of obesity (10.2%, 12.2%, 10.3%, 10.1% and 9.35, respectively) in comparison with adolescents who never consume these foods during school hours (19.1%, 18.6%, 17.8%, 15.9% and 16.3%, respectively), finding a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) in the consumption of flavored water, fruit, natural water and yogurt. It was found that the food consumed during school hours has an impact on the nutritional status of adolescents, similar to the results found in the literature, so it is suggested to promote healthy habits and lifestyles at school and at home so that adolescents opt for healthy snack choices.

Effects of Dental Caries on Nutritional Status Among First-Grade Primary School Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaowaluk Ngoenwiwatkul ◽  
Niramon Leela-adisorn
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Impacts

The aim of this study was to explore association between caries prevalence and nutritional status among first-grade primary school children. A cross-sectional study of 212 students was conducted. All students were weighed and measured and then the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Each student underwent dental examination and was interviewed. Overall, caries prevalence was 80.2% and the average decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (dmfs) were 12.4 ± 12.3. Although none of the students was in the underweight category, 45.8% were in low percentile (5th < BMI-for-age < 15th). Multiple logistic regression showed that each extra carious surface (dmfs) increased the odds of being at risk for underweight (5th < BMI-for-age < 15th) by 3.1% after adjusting for gender and dental visits. Our findings stressed that caries has significant implications on overall child health and health personnel should increase awareness of negative impacts and promote healthy nutritional choices for children.

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