scholarly journals Association of key foods and beverages with obesity in Australian schoolchildren

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M Sanigorski ◽  
A Colin Bell ◽  
Boyd A Swinburn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the pattern of intake of key foods and beverages of children aged 4–12 years and the association with weight status.Design and settingA computer-assisted telephone interview was used to determine the intake of fruit, vegetables, packaged snacks, fast foods and sweetened drinks ‘yesterday’ and ‘usually’ as reported by parents/guardians of a representative sample of 2184 children from the Barwon South-Western region of Victoria, Australia.ResultsChildren who consumed >2–3, >3–4 and >4 servings of fruit juice/drinks ‘yesterday’ were, respectively, 1.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–2.2), 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5) and 2.1 (95% CI 1.5–2.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of fruit juice/drink ‘yesterday’, adjusted for age, gender and socio-economic status (SES). Further, children who had ≥ 3 servings of soft drink ‘yesterday’ were 2.2 (95% CI 1.3–3.9) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who had no servings of soft drink ‘yesterday’, adjusted for age, gender and SES. In addition, children who ‘usually’ drank fruit juice/drinks twice or more per day were 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4) times more likely to be overweight/obese compared with those who drank these beverages once or less per week, adjusted for age, gender and SES. Although fast foods and packaged snacks were regularly eaten, there were no associations between weight status and consumption of these foods.ConclusionsIntake of sweetened beverages was associated with overweight and obesity in this population of Australian schoolchildren and should be a target for intervention programmes aimed at preventing unhealthy weight gain in children.

scholarly journals Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines among adolescents in Germany according to socio-economic status and region: results from Eating Study as a KiGGS Module (EsKiMo) II

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anna-Kristin Brettschneider ◽  
Clarissa Lage Barbosa ◽  
Marjolein Haftenberger ◽  
Franziska Lehmann ◽  
Gert BM Mensink
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Abstract Objective: Dietary habits developed during childhood and adolescence are likely to continue into adulthood. An unbalanced diet may cause nutrient deficiencies and excessive energy intake; these enhance the risk for developing overweight and obesity and their co-morbidities. In the present analysis, food consumption of adolescents is described and evaluated against German food-based dietary guidelines with special focus on socio-economic status (SES) and region of residence. Design: Within the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’ (KiGGS Wave 2), the cross-sectional ‘Eating Study as a KiGGS Module’ (EsKiMo II) was conducted from 2015 until 2017 to provide data about dietary behaviour. Setting: Germany. Participants: 1353 adolescents aged 12–17 years from a nationwide representative sample with food consumption data from computer-assisted dietary history interviews. Results: The median consumption of fruits, vegetables, starchy foods and milk/dairy products among adolescents in Germany was below the recommendation. The median consumption of both meat/meat products and unfavourable foods, like confectionery, which should be consumed sparingly, was about 1·5 times the recommended amount. The total amount of beverages consumed by most adolescents was above the minimum amount recommended. Soft drink consumption of adolescents with a low SES was three to five times higher than soft drink consumption of adolescents with a high SES. Conclusions: The results indicate the need for an improvement of dietary habits among adolescents in Germany. Further approaches to promote healthy diets in Germany should be continued, and the focus on social inequalities should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Association of Beverage Consumption with Obesity in Healthy Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Sirine Maher Zahran
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been found to be an important contributor of calories in the diet. Whether there is an association between the increased consumption of SSBs and the high rates of overweight and obesity is still questionable. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of weight status and beverages consumed of adults in a residential compound in Abu Dhabi.Methods: Forty nine out of 65 residents form Al Reef Villas in Abu Dhabi agreed to participate in the study. Initial assessments including beverages frequency questionnaire and anthropometry measurements were completed for all participants. Participants who were identified as high beverages consumers were invited to a one-month intervention aiming to limit their beverages consumption. A final assessment was completed for all high consumers of beverages at the end of the one-month intervention.Results: 55% of the subjects were overweight or obese, and 51% had abdominal obesity. 73% consumed 100% fruit juices with no added sugar, 65% consumed soft drinks, and 60 % consumed plain milk and milk products. The majority (69%) consumed tea beverages rather than coffee beverages. There was no association between weight & beverages consumption. The mean energy percentage from beverages was 14.2 (± 11.1) among all participants. 53% were considered high consumers of beverages and 47% (n=23) were considered low consumers of beverages. The one-month intervention showed a significant decrease in % of calories from beverages and weight in the overweight & obese intervention group (p<0.001 and p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion: This study highlighted major health problems in Abu Dhabi including high rates of overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity. The one-month intervention was effective in reducing the energy percentage from beverages and weight of the overweight and obese participants, but no association was found in this sample between beverages consumption and overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals School Food Policies Related to Soft Drink and Fruit Juice Consumption as a Function of Education Type in Flanders, Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Francisca Marro ◽  
Peter Bottenberg ◽  
Wolfgang Jacquet ◽  
Luc Martens
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
School Food ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Food Policies ◽  
Acidic Beverages

Recent data on erosive tooth wear (ETW) in Belgium have associated a vocational/technical type of education with ETW risk. Since the role of schools is essential to the promotion of healthy diets, this study aimed to investigate school food policies (SFP) related to soft drink and fruit juice consumption and to detect differences among schools in Flanders, Belgium (BE-F). An online questionnaire related to the control of acidic beverages and promotion of healthy drinking habits was sent to all Flemish secondary schools. For analysis, schools (n = 275) were grouped by type of education (vocational secondary education (VSE) and general secondary education (GSE)), and by socioeconomic status. Multiple factor analyses (MFA) were performed to identify schools with a similar SFP profile. Additionally, descriptive analyses were performed to determine other associations. Overall, 44% of schools in BE-F claimed to have written SFP related to the consumption of soft drinks. SFP expressly prohibiting or limiting acidic beverages were significantly more frequent in GSE schools (p < 0.05), where a higher economic status was present. This study shows that a considerable group of schools in BE-F have no or incomplete rules concerning acidic beverage consumption. Such rules differ between types of education, with VSE schools reporting less control regarding the consumption of drinks.

scholarly journals Body fatness or anthropometry for assessment of unhealthy weight status? Comparison between methods in South African children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Craig ◽  
John Reilly ◽  
Ruth Bland
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Unhealthy Weight

AbstractObjectiveA variety of methods are available for defining undernutrition (thinness/underweight/under-fat) and overnutrition (overweight/obesity/over-fat). The extent to which these definitions agree is unclear. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess agreement between widely used methods of assessing nutritional status in children and adolescents, and to examine the benefit of body composition estimates.DesignThe main objective of the cross-sectional study was to assess underweight, overweight and obesity using four methods: (i) BMI-for-age using WHO (2007) reference data; (ii) BMI-for-age using Cole et al. and International Obesity Taskforce cut-offs; (iii) weight-for-age using the National Centre for Health Statistics/WHO growth reference 1977; and (iv) body fat percentage estimated by bio-impedance (body fat reference curves for children of McCarthy et al., 2006). Comparisons were made between methods using weighted kappa analyses.SettingRural South Africa.SubjectsIndividuals (n 1519) in three age groups (school grade 1, mean age 7 years; grade 5, mean age 11 years; grade 9, mean age 15 years).ResultsIn boys, prevalence of unhealthy weight status (both under- and overnutrition) was much higher at all ages with body fatness measures than with simple anthropometric proxies for body fatness; agreement between fatness and weight-based measures was fair or slight using Landis and Koch categories. In girls, prevalence of unhealthy weight status was also higher with body fatness than with proxies, although agreement between measures ranged from fair to substantial.ConclusionsMethods for defining under- and overnutrition should not be considered equivalent. Weight-based measures provide highly conservative estimates of unhealthy weight status, possibly more conservative in boys. Simple body composition measures may be more informative than anthropometry for nutritional surveillance of children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Pattern of beverage consumption and long-term association with body-weight status in German adolescents – results from the DONALD study

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Libuda ◽  
Ute Alexy ◽  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Peter Stehle ◽  
Nadina Karaolis-Danckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Records

In the present study the relationship between the consumption of different beverage groups and body-weight status in 5 years of study participation in German adolescents was investigated. We used anthropometric and dietary data from 3 d weighed records of 244 subjects between 9 and 18 years of age participating in the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. Only subjects with at least four out of six possible weighed dietary records were considered. A repeated-measures regression model (PROC MIXED) was used to analyse the effect of beverage consumption on body-weight status. BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) and body fat percentage (%BF) were chosen as the dependent variables. In boys, energetic beverage consumption was not associated with BMI-SDS or %BF, neither cross-sectionally nor prospectively. In girls, baseline consumption of energetic beverages did not predict baseline BMI-SDS, baseline %BF, or change in either variable over the study period. However, an increase in energetic beverage consumption over the study period was associated with an increase in BMI-SDS (+0.070 SDS/MJ increase in energetic beverage consumption; P = 0·01). Separate consideration of regular soft drinks and fruit juices revealed that, in girls, BMI-SDS increased with increased fruit juice consumption (+0·096 SDS/MJ increase in fruit juice consumption; P = 0·01), and to a lesser extent with regular soft drink consumption (+0·055 SDS/MJ increase in regular soft drink consumption; P = 0·08). In conclusion, these results suggest that an increase in energetic beverage consumption may result in weight gain, at least in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Papua New Guinea agri-food trade and household consumption trends point towards dietary change and increased overweight and obesity prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Schmidt ◽  
Peixun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

Abstract Background Papua New Guinea (PNG) experienced positive GDP growth at approximately 4.3% per year during the last decade. With increases in overall wealth within the country, PNG is facing a double burden of malnutrition: comparatively high child stunting rates and a growing overweight and obesity epidemic. We focus on the latter by evaluating trends in agri-food import data from 2001 to 2018 and household consumption data from 2018 and 2009/10. Results The analysis presented in this paper raises three red flags. First, international food import data suggest that the demand for ultra-processed, sugar-sweetened beverages and food have increased substantially over time in PNG. Sugar-sweetened beverages dominated the largest growth in processed food imports, increasing by 23% per capita per year between 2001 and 2018. Second, households across the country with a greater food expenditure on sugar-sweetened beverages have a higher probability of an overweight child (under 5 years old). Last, the probability of soft-drink consumption in PNG increases with greater income acquisition and improved market access. While the price of a soft drink is negatively correlated with the quantity consumed, analysis suggests that total household income has a quantitatively larger (and positive) association with soft drink consumption. Conclusions Taxing (or increasing taxes on) sugar-sweetened beverages may not be a sufficient policy mechanism to curb overconsumption of soft drinks in PNG. Education and advocacy programs should be fostered that integrate improved dietary information on packaging, as well as greater access to and understanding of nutrition and diet information of common household consumption items. While increases in household income and market access are crucial to economic growth and transformation, PNG’s economic transition must be dovetailed with programs that expand and enhance health and nutrition information and education to improve household consumption decisions and overall household wellbeing.

scholarly journals Childhood obesity and socio-economic class

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Rajni Goyal ◽  
Puneet Goyal ◽  
Rajveer Garg
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Socio Economic Status

Background: Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. There are supporting evidence that excessive sugar intake by soft drink, increased portion size and steady decline in physical activity have been playing major role in the rising rates of obesity all around the world. The aim of this study was to compare the obesity status of children (5-18 years) from the upper and middle socio-economic class.Methods: 400 children (200 boys and 200 girls) in the age group of 5-18 years from upper and middle socio-economic status (According to the modified version of Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic status scale) were selected as subjects for this study. Weight and height were measured in minimum acceptable standard clothing without shoes and socks and BMI was calculated. Because there are changes in body weight and height with age, BMI levels among children and teens need to be expressed relative to other children of the same age and sex. Number of children in each BMI-for-age-percentile-range were calculated. By using chi–square test an association of overweight/obesity with socio-economic class was studied in children.Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was more in upper socio-economic class boys in comparison with middle socio-economic class boys, more girls from upper socio-economic class were overweight/obese in comparison with middle socio-economic class girls and more girls were obese in comparison to boys from upper socio-economic class.Conclusions: The primary prevention could be the key plan for controlling the current epidemic of obesity and these strategies seem to be more effective in children than in adults.

scholarly journals Does adjusting for biological maturity when calculating child weight status improve the accuracy of predicting future health risk?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona B. Gillison ◽  
Elisabeth B. Grey ◽  
Sean P. Cumming ◽  
Lauren B. Sherar
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Biological Maturity

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting the weight categorisation of children for their biological maturity status could improve the accuracy of predicting weight status and cardiometabolic risk at age 17. Methods Data from 1525 participants (787 female) from the ALSPAC study were analysed. Participants’ weight status at age 11 was estimated using first standard chronological age and sex adjusted BMI cut-offs, and again using maturity adjusted BMI cut-offs. Each BMI category at age 11 was regressed against cardiometabolic risk score and BMI category at age 17, controlling for sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Results At age 11 years, 22% of boys and 46% of girls who were categorised as overweight or having obesity based on chronological age were re-categorised into a lower BMI category after adjusting for biological maturity. Biologically adjusted BMI categories better predicted BMI category at age 17 compared with non-adjusted BMI categories (∆BIC = − 21.69); the odds of having obesity at age 17 were 18.28 times greater with each increase in BMI category at age 11. Adjusted and non-adjusted BMI status at 11 years showed equivalent accuracy in predicting cardiometabolic risk at age 17; the odds ratio of high cardiometabolic risk was 1.85, with heightened risk in boys, particularly early maturers. Conclusion The traditional method of categorising adolescents into a BMI category may over-predict overweight and obesity, particularly in girls. Adjusting for biological maturity when estimating weight status through calculating adolescents’ BMI classification was equivalent to standard approaches in predicting other cardiovascular risk at age 17.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in Brazilian immigrants in Massachusetts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Klabunde ◽  
Felippe Lazar Neto ◽  
Andressa Louzada ◽  
Ricardo Faé de Moura ◽  
Fernando Morelli Calixto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Brazilian Immigrants

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, and their prevalence is on the rise worldwide. This study seeks to describe the prevalence and predictors of overweight and obesity in Brazilian immigrants living in Massachusetts, United States of America (USA). Methods Modeled after a survey on behavioral risk factors for chronic disease conducted annually in Brazil (Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico: Vigitel), Brazilian immigrants aged 18+ (n = 361) were surveyed between December 2013 and March 2014. Information was obtained from consenting participants regarding their demographic characteristics, physical activity, dietary and lifestyle habits, and other behavioral risk factors. Weight status was estimated from body mass index (BMI), calculated from self-reported height and weight data. Participants were categorized as overweight/obese if their BMI was ≥25; overweight and obese categories were combined to ensure appropriate sample size. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was estimated using STATA, and significant predictors were identified via multi-variable logistic regression. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-values were determined. Results The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity in the sample was 47.6%. Significant predictors of overweight and obesity were gender (men OR 2.30, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.78; women are comparison group), working in the 3 months prior to the survey (OR 2.90, 95% CI: 1.01, 8.30), and longer duration living in the USA (OR per additional year 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.11). Significant dietary predictors of overweight/obesity included 5 or more days per week of consumption of red meat (OR red meat 3.70, 95% CI: 1.47, 9.26) or of sweetened beverages, like soft drinks also known as soda (OR soda 2.40, 95% CI: 1.00, 5.78) compared with less frequent consumption of these foods. Conclusions This study suggests that long duration of time lived in the USA increases odds of overweight and obesity for Brazilian immigrants living in Massachusetts. Efforts to curb increases in overweight and obesity in this population should focus not only on the men and those who work but also the women. Possible intervention measures should target soda (soft drink) and red meat consumption in Brazilian immigrants.

scholarly journals The contribution of at-home and away-from-home food to dietary intake among 2–13-year-old Mexican children

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2559-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Smith Taillie ◽  
Myriam C Afeiche ◽  
Alison L Eldridge ◽  
Barry M Popkin
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveAway-from-home foods have been shown to have lower nutritional quality and larger portion sizes than many foods prepared at home. We aimed to describe energy and nutrient intakes among 2–13-year-old Mexican children by eating location (at home and away from home), overall, by socio-economic status (SES) and by urbanicity.DesignDietary intake was collected via one 24 h recall in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Location was reported for each food consumed. Results were adjusted for sex, day of recall, region, weight status, SES and urbanicity.SettingMexico (nationally representative).SubjectsChildren aged 2–5 years (n1905) and 6–13 years (n2868).ResultsChildren consumed the majority of daily energy at home (89% of 2–5-year-olds; 82 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common away-from-home eating location was school (22 % of 2–5-year-olds; 43 % of 6–13-year-olds), followed by the street (14 % of 2–5-year-olds; 13 % of 6–13-year-olds). The most common foods consumed away from home were wheat/rice and corn mixed dishes, sugar-sweetened beverages, pastries/candy/desserts, milk (2–5-year-olds only) and salty snacks (6–13-year-olds). Multivariate models showed that high-SES 2–5-year-olds consumed 14 % of daily energy away from homev. 8 % among low-SES 2–5-year-olds, and high-SES 6–13-year-olds consumed 21 % of daily energy away from homev. 14 % among low-SES 6–13 year-olds. There were no differences by urban residence.ConclusionsAmong Mexican children, most foods and beverages were consumed at home. However, the percentage of foods consumed or purchased away from home increased with age and with SES.

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