scholarly journals Iron status in pregnant women in the Republic of Seychelles

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeir M Duffy ◽  
Maxine P Bonham ◽  
Julie MW Wallace ◽  
Chin-Kuo Chang ◽  
Paula J Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Prospective Study

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the Fe status of pregnant women and their neonates in the Republic of Seychelles.DesignA prospective study.SettingRepublic of Seychelles.SubjectsPregnant women were recruited and blood samples taken at enrolment and post-delivery along with cord blood samples. Ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were measured in maternal (n220) and cord blood (n123) samples.ResultsMaternal Fe deficiency (ferritin < 15 ng/ml, sTfR > 28 nmol/l) was present in 6 % of subjects at enrolment and in 20 % at delivery. There was no significant decrease in maternal ferritin. A significant increase in sTfR was observed between enrolment and delivery (P< 0·001). Maternal BMI and use of Fe supplements at 28 weeks’ gestation were associated with improved maternal Fe status at delivery, whereas parity had a negative effect on sTfR and ferritin at delivery.ConclusionsFe status of pregnant Seychellois women was, on average, within normal ranges. The incidence of Fe deficiency throughout pregnancy in this population was similar to that in a Westernised population. Increased awareness of the importance of adequate Fe intake during pregnancy, particularly in multiparous women, is warranted.

scholarly journals Association study of rs1801282 PPARG gene polymorphism and immune cells and cytokine levels in a Spanish pregnant women cohort and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria García-Ricobaraza ◽  
Mercedes García-Bermúdez ◽  
Francisco J. Torres-Espinola ◽  
M. Teresa Segura Moreno ◽  
Mathieu N. Bleyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Immune Parameters

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily functioning as transcription factors to regulate cellular differentiation, development and metabolism. Moreover, it has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism, as well as the maturation of monocytes/macrophages and the control of inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Pro12Ala (rs1808212) PPARG gene polymorphism on immune molecular and cellular components in mothers and their offspring participating in the PREOBE study. Methods DNA from maternal venous blood samples at 24, 34 and 40 gestational weeks, plus cord blood samples was extracted. Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism genotyping was performed, and immune system markers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Study findings revealed no effect of rs1808212 PPARG genotypes on innate immune parameters in mothers and their offspring; however, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio were decreased at 24 and 34 weeks in pregnant women carrying the CG (Pro12Ala) rs1808212 polymorphism, (p = 0,012 and p = 0,030; respectively). Only CD19 levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher at delivery in pregnant women carrying the CC (Pro12Pro) genotype (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in leukocytes and neutrophils maternal levels at 34 weeks of gestation, being lower in carriers of Pro12Ala genotype (p = 0.028 and p = 0.031, respectively). Conclusions Results suggest that Pro12Ala PPARG polymorphism may have an effect on some cell and immune parameters in pregnant women during pregnancy and at time of delivery. However, newborn innate immune system does not seems to be influenced by PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism in cord blood.

scholarly journals Antibodies to Pneumococcal Proteins PhtD, CbpA, and LytC in Filipino Pregnant Women and Their Infants in Relation to Pneumococcal Carriage

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Holmlund ◽  
Beatriz Quiambao ◽  
Jukka Ollgren ◽  
Teija Jaakkola ◽  
Cécile Neyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the immunogenicity of the following three pneumococcal vaccine candidate proteins in Filipino infants, all inducing protection in animal models: pneumococcal histidine triad protein D (PhtD), choline binding protein A (CbpA), and the lysozyme LytC. The immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations to PhtD, its putative, protective, and exposed C-terminal fragment (PhtD C), CbpA, and LytC were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 52 serum samples from pregnant women, 39 cord blood samples, and consecutive serum samples (n= 263) from 52 newborns between 6 weeks and 10 months of age scheduled to be taken at six time points. A nasopharyngeal swab to detect pneumococcal carriage was taken parallel to the serum samples. The antibody concentrations in the cord blood samples were similar to those in the samples from the mothers. In infant sera, the geometric mean antibody concentrations (GMCs) for all three proteins decreased until the age of 18 weeks and started to increase after that age, suggesting that the infants' own antibody production started close to the age of 4 to 5 months. The increase in GMCs by age, most clear-cut for CbpA, was associated with pneumococcal carriage. Anti-PhtD concentrations were higher than anti-PhtD C concentrations but correlated well (rof 0.89 at 10.5 months), suggesting that antibodies are directed to the supposedly exposed and protective C-terminal part of PhtD. Our results show that young children are able to develop an antibody response to PhtD, CbpA, and LytC and encourage the development of pneumococcal protein vaccines for this age group.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL IRON AND CORD BLOOD IRON STATUS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 595-598
Author(s):  
K Swetha ◽  
P Tarakeswararao ◽  
M Saisunilkishore
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Maternal Iron

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of Prophylactic Cefazolin in Parturients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3504-3513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Elkomy ◽  
Pervez Sultan ◽  
David R. Drover ◽  
Ekaterina Epshtein ◽  
Jeffery L. Galinkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cesarean Delivery ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Neonatal Blood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maternal Administration

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this work were (i) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin in pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery and in their neonates; (ii) to assess cefazolin transplacental transmission; (iii) to evaluate the dosing and timing of preoperative, prophylactic administration of cefazolin to pregnant women; and (iv) to investigate the impact of maternal dosing on therapeutic duration and exposure in newborns. Twenty women received 1 g of cefazolin preoperatively. Plasma concentrations of total cefazolin were analyzed from maternal blood samples taken before, during, and after delivery; umbilical cord blood samples obtained at delivery; and neonatal blood samples collected 24 h after birth. The distribution volume of cefazolin was 9.44 liters/h. The values for pre- and postdelivery clearance were 7.18 and 4.12 liters/h, respectively. Computer simulations revealed that the probability of maintaining free cefazolin concentrations in plasma above 8 mg/liter during scheduled caesarean surgery was <50% in the cord blood when cefazolin was administered in doses of <2 g or when it was administered <1 h before delivery. Therapeutic concentrations of cefazolin persisted in neonates >5 h after birth. Cefazolin clearance increases during pregnancy, and larger doses are recommended for surgical prophylaxis in pregnant women to obtain the same antibacterial effect as in nonpregnant patients. Cefazolin has a longer half-life in neonates than in adults. Maternal administration of up to 2 g of cefazolin is effective and produces exposure within clinically approved limits in neonates.

scholarly journals Markers of iron status are associated with stage of pregnancy and acute-phase response, but not with parity among pregnant women in Guinea-Bissau

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Kæstel ◽  
Peter Aaby ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Henrik Friis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
Serum Crp

While prenatal Fe supplementation prevents maternal Fe deficiency and anaemia, it is uncertain whether it improves infant health outcomes, at least when taken by Fe-replete women. Inflammation as well as physiological changes complicates the assessment of Fe status during pregnancy. In the present study, we measured the concentrations of serum ferritin and soluble transferrin receptors (sTfR), Hb and the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) in a cross-sectional study among 738 pregnant women attending antenatal care in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of Fe status markers. The mean gestational age was 23 (sd7) weeks. Serum ferritin values were lower with progressing gestation, from 27 % lower during weeks 16–20 of gestation up to 59 % lower after 29 weeks of gestation compared with early pregnancy. Using cut-off values for Fe deficiency as established in non-pregnant individuals, 52 % of the women had sTfR levels >2·3 mg/l, while only 25 % had serum ferritin levels < 12 μg/l. Serum ferritin but also sTfR levels were elevated at increased serum CRP and ACT levels. The proportion of sTfR >2·3 mg/l decreased to 47 % after adjustment for elevated serum CRP and ACT levels. On the contrary, the proportion of serum ferritin < 12 μg/l increased to 33 % after adjustment for ACT and CRP. The high proportion of elevated serum sTfR calls for pregnancy-specific cut-offs since increased erythropoiesis is expected in response to increased plasma volume of pregnancy. The present study further underlines the need to adjust for inflammation when serum sTfR and serum ferritin are used to assess Fe status in pregnancy.

Iron status of full-term infants in early infancy is not associated with maternal ferritin levels nor infant feeding practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Kate C Chan ◽  
Joseph GS Tsun ◽  
Albert M Li ◽  
Wing Hung Tam
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Iron Store ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Iron deficiency (ID) in early life is associated with morbidities. Most fetal iron required for infant growth is acquired in the third trimester from maternal iron store. However, how prenatal iron level affects ferritin level in early infancy remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the associations between maternal ferritin levels and cord blood serum ferritin (CBSF) and to compare the ferritin levels between different feeding practices in early infancy. Healthy Chinese mothers with uncomplicated pregnancy and their infants were followed up at 3 months post-delivery for questionnaire completion and infant blood collection. Infants who were predominantly breastfed and those who were predominantly formula fed were included in this analysis. Serum ferritin levels were measured in maternal blood samples collected upon delivery, cord blood and infant blood samples at 3 months of age. Ninety-seven mother-baby dyads were included. Maternal ID is common (56%) while the CBSF levels were significantly higher than maternal ferritin levels. Only 3 infants (3%) had ID at 3 months of age. There were no significant correlations between maternal ferritin levels with CBSF (r=0.168, p=0.108) nor with infant ferritin levels at 3 months of age (r=0.023, p=0.828). Infant ferritin levels at 3 months were significantly and independently associated with CBSF (p=0.007) and birth weight (p<0.001) after adjusting for maternal age, parity, maternal education, infant sex and feeding practice. In conclusion, maternal ID was common upon delivery. However, maternal ferritin levels were not significantly associated with CBSF concentrations nor infant ferritin concentrations at 3 months of age.

scholarly journals Incidence of micronuclei in pregnant women and cord blood samples before and after the bombing of Serbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Stankovic ◽  
Gordana Joksic ◽  
Marija Guc-Scekic
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Fetal Cord Blood

BACKGROUND: This study provides the data regarding monitoring of population using CB-micronuclei assay in the period 1995-2001 in Serbia. The target groups consisted of 45 pregnant women of mean age 34.3(6.56) years, unaware of being exposed to chemicals drugs or other substances and undergoing cordocentesis. The incidence of micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in fetal cord blood lymphocytes was analyzed. METHODS: The study was carried out on cultures of PHA-stimulated blood lymphocytes. Three drops of blood samples ware added into 5ml RPMI-1640 (Gibco) medium supplemented with 15% of calf serum and PHA (Gibco, 2.5?g/ml). For micronuclei preparation the cytokinesis block method was used (Fenech et al., 1993). RESULTS: The results of the study showed that in the year 1995, the incidence of micronuclei in pregnant women was 9.61(3.26) per 1000 binucleated (BN) cells, and 3.74(1.60) in cord blood samples per 1000 BN cells, respectively. In 2000 the incidence of micronuclei in study group was 28.26(7.87) per 1000 BN cells, and in cord blood samples 22.22(5.63) per 1000 BN cells. One year later (2001) the incidence of micronuclei in pregnant woman slightly decreased and reached the value of 26.98(4.50), while in cord blood it slightly increased up to 26.58(6.85) per 1000 BN cells. CONCLUSION: The monitoring data obtained in this study have shown significantly increase of micronuclei (2- to 3-fold) in study groups in 2000 and 2001.

scholarly journals Measles virus-specific antibody levels in Sudanese infants: a prospective study using filter-paper blood samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. IBRAHIM ◽  
A. ABDALLAH ◽  
E. A. SALEH ◽  
A. D. M. E. OSTERHAUS ◽  
R. L. DE SWART
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Heel Prick ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Antibody Levels

SUMMARYWe conducted a prospective birth cohort study in rural Sudan to assess measles virus (MV)-specific antibody levels at different time points in infancy. Dried blood spots were collected on filter paper at birth (cord blood) and at ages 6, 12 and 24 months (heel-prick). Maternally derived MV-specific antibody levels were high in cord blood samples, but at the age of 6 months had dropped below cut-off values in half of the infants. By extrapolation it was concluded that the current Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) target age for measles vaccination of 9 months was an appropriate choice for this area. At the age of 24 months acquired MV-specific antibodies were detected in 65–85% of the cohort, which corresponded well with the 79% of infants reported to be vaccinated by this age. This study demonstrates the usefulness of filter paper blood samples for seroepidemiological studies in developing countries.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of factors that influence the 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in pregnant women and in cord blood in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Wuertz ◽  
Peter Gilbert ◽  
Wolfgang Baier ◽  
Clemens Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

There is increasing evidence of an association between a low maternal vitamin D status and a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the vitamin D status of pregnant women to determine potentially influencing factors. Between December 2010 and February 2012, 261 maternal blood samples and 328 cord blood samples were collected for the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and Ca concentrations. Demographical characteristics and clinical data were recorded by a questionnaire and from medical files. The overall median maternal and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were 25·0 (interquartile range 12·6–45·5) nmol/l and 34·1 (interquartile range 17·7–58·6) nmol/l, respectively. During the winter months, 98 % of the maternal blood samples and 94 % of the cord blood samples had 25(OH)D levels < 50 nmol/l. In the summer months, 49 % of the women and 35 % of the cord blood samples were vitamin D deficient. Using logistic regression models, significant risk factors for maternal vitamin D deficiency were found to be physical inactivity (adjusted OR (aOR) 2·67, 95 % CI 1·06, 6·69, P= 0·032) and a non-European country of origin (aOR 3·21, 95 % CI 1·0, 10·28, P= 0·047) after controlling for season and independent risk factors. These results are the first 25(OH)D data for pregnant women in Germany. They indicate the need for urgent implementation of strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency by healthcare authorities that are in charge of preventing vitamin D deficiency, especially during these sensitive stages of life.

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