scholarly journals The use of sports references in marketing of food and beverage products in supermarkets

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A Bragg ◽  
Peggy J Liu ◽  
Christina A Roberto ◽  
Vishnu Sarda ◽  
Jennifer L Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Marketing Data

AbstractObjectiveFood marketing has been identified as a significant driver of the childhood obesity epidemic. The purpose of the present study was to (i) conduct a content analysis of the types of sports references that appear on supermarket food and beverage products and (ii) assess each product's nutritional and marketing profile.DesignThis was a descriptive study. Every product featuring sports references on the packaging was purchased in two major supermarkets during 2010. A content analysis was conducted and nutritional evaluations were made based on the Nutrient Profile Model, a validated nutrition model. Marketing data were obtained from The Nielsen Company.SettingTwo major supermarkets in Connecticut, USA.SubjectsFood and beverage products (n 102) were selected from two supermarkets.ResultsThe 102 products (fifty-three foods and forty-nine beverages) had sports references as part of their packaging: 72·5 % featured a character exercising, 42·2 % were endorsed by a professional sports entity and 34·0 % were child-targeted. The median nutrition score for food products was 36 (1 = unhealthiest and 100 = healthiest; scores of ≥63 are considered healthy according to this model). More than two-thirds of beverages (69·4 %) were 100 % sugar-sweetened. Children saw significantly more commercials for these products than adults.ConclusionsCompanies place sports figures on food and beverage products that are child-targeted and unhealthy.

Marketing foods to children through product packaging: prolific, unhealthy and misleading

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1763-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye Mehta ◽  
Clare Phillips ◽  
Paul Ward ◽  
John Coveney ◽  
Elizabeth Handsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food And Beverage

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate marketing techniques used on the packaging of child-oriented products sold through supermarkets.DesignFood and beverage products which met criteria for ‘marketed to children’ were recorded as child-oriented. The products were analysed for food categories, nutritional value, and type and extent of marketing techniques used.SettingA major supermarket chain in Adelaide, South Australia.SubjectsChild-oriented food and beverage products.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-seven discrete products were marketed to children via product packaging; most (75·2 %) represented non-core foods, being high in fat or sugar. Many marketing techniques (more than sixteen unique marketing techniques) were used to promote child-oriented food products. Claims about health and nutrition were found on 55·5 % of non-core foods. A median of 6·43 marketing techniques per product was found.ConclusionsThe high volume and power of marketing non-core foods to children via product packaging in supermarkets should be of concern to policy makers wanting to improve children's diet for their health and to tackle childhood obesity. Claims about health or nutrition on non-core foods deserve urgent attention owing to their potential to mislead and confuse child and adult consumers.

scholarly journals An analysis of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of Northern England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Finlay ◽  
Scott Lloyd ◽  
Amelia Lake ◽  
Thomas Armstrong ◽  
Mark Fishpool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All

Objective: To quantify the extent of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of the UK that has no restrictions on this activity, to identify the healthfulness of advertised products and the creative strategies used and extent of appeal to young people, and to identify differences by level of deprivation.Design: Images of all bus shelter advertisements across the two unitary authorities were collected via in person photography (in 2019) and verified using Google Street View (photos recorded in 2018). All advertisements were coded according to advert type. Food and beverage advertisements were coded as brand or product ads and into one of seventeen food categories. These items were classified as healthy/less healthy using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The deprivation level of the ad location was identified using the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation.Setting: This study took place in South Teesside, specifically the unitary authorities of Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland.Participants: There are no participants in this study.Results: 832 advertisements were identified in total, almost half (48.9%) of which were for foods or beverages. Of the food and beverage adverts, 35.1% were classed as less healthy. Close to a quarter (22.2%) of food advertisements used creative strategies, almost all of these were competitions. Food advertisements were found to be of appeal to children under 12 years (47.3%) and adolescents, 13-17 years (70.5%). Most bus shelters, and therefore most food advertising, was in the most deprived area but not meaningful differences in advertising was found by level of deprivation.Conclusions: Food advertising is extensive on bus shelters in the UK, and a substantial proportion of this advertising is classified as less healthy and would not be permitted to be advertised around television programming for children. Bus shelter advertising should be considered part of the UK policy deliberations around restricting less healthy food marketing exposure.

scholarly journals Children’s magazines: reading resources or food marketing tools?

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra C Jones ◽  
Amanda Reid
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Children's Magazines ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Advertising To Children

AbstractObjectiveMagazines targeted at children under 12 years old are growing in popularity; past studies have asserted that food items are rarely exposed, but methodological issues may have covered the true extent of covert promotion. The primary purpose of the present study was to quantify the nature and extent of the promotion of branded food products in Australian children’s magazines.DesignWe conducted a content analysis of possible food promotions in seven top-selling Australian children’s magazines published in 2005. In addition to regular food advertisements, the number of advertisements for premiums, editorials, puzzles or games, competitions and branded non-food promotions by food companies was recorded. Category frequencies are reported with a detailed description of the promotions present during September 2005.ResultsOnly fifty-eight out of the 444 items identified could be classed as regular food advertisements. Several advertisements appeared to be in breach of codes regarding advertising to children and premiums.ConclusionsThe pervasiveness of covert food marketing in the present study was contrary to previous findings and raises questions about the effectiveness of legal restrictions and self-regulation of advertising in protecting children from commercial food messages that may not be regarded as advertising.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Healthfulness of Food and Beverage Advertising in Movie Theatres: A Pilot Study Conducted in the United States and Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Stanley Wong ◽  
Elise Pauzé ◽  
Farah Hatoum ◽  
Monique Potvin Kent
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Movie Theatre ◽  
Marketing To Children

The marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages contributes to childhood obesity. In Canada and the United States, these promotions are self-regulated by industry. However, these regulations do not apply to movie theatres, which are frequently visited by children. This pilot study examined the frequency and healthfulness of food advertising in movie theatres in the United States and Canada. A convenience sample of seven movie theatres in both Virginia (US) and Ontario (Canada) were visited once per month for a four-month period. Each month, ads in the movie theatre environment and before the screening of children’s movies were assessed. Food ads were categorized as permissible or not permissible for marketing to children using the World Health Organization’s European Nutrient Profile Model. There were 1999 food ads in the movie theatre environment in Ontario and 43 food ads identified in the movie theatre environment in Virginia. On average, 8.6 (SD = 3.3) and 2.2 (SD = 0.9) food ads were displayed before children’s movies in Ontario and Virginia, respectively. Most or all (97–100%) food ads identified in Virginia and Ontario were considered not permissible for marketing to children. The results suggest that movie theatre environments should be considered for inclusion in statutory food marketing restrictions in order to protect children’s health.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Child-Directed Marketing on Breakfast Cereal Packages before and after Chile’s Food Marketing Law: A Pre- and Post-Quantitative Content Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mediano Stoltze ◽  
Marcela Reyes ◽  
Taillie Lindsey Smith ◽  
Teresa Correa ◽  
Camila Corvalán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Marketing To Children

Food marketing has been identified as a contributing factor in childhood obesity, prompting global health organizations to recommend restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Chile has responded to this recommendation with a restriction on child-directed marketing for products that exceed certain regulation-defined thresholds in sugars, saturated fats, sodium, or calories. Child-directed strategies are allowed for products that do not exceed these thresholds. To evaluate changes in marketing due to this restriction, we examined differences in the use of child-directed strategies on breakfast cereal packages that exceeded the defined thresholds vs. those that did not exceed the thresholds before (n = 168) and after (n = 153) the restriction was implemented. Photographs of cereal packages were taken from top supermarket chains in Santiago. Photographed cereals were classified as “high-in” if they exceeded any nutrient threshold described in the regulation. We found that the percentage of all cereal packages using child-directed strategies before implementation (36%) was significantly lower after implementation (21%), p < 0.05. This overall decrease is due to the decrease we found in the percentage of “high-in” cereals using child-directed strategies after implementation (43% before implementation, 15% after implementation), p < 0.05. In contrast, a greater percentage of packages that did not qualify as “high-in” used child-directed strategies after implementation (30%) compared with before implementation (8%), p < 0.05. The results suggest that the Chilean food marketing regulation can be effective at reducing the use of child-directed marketing for unhealthy food products.

AdHealth: a feasibility study to measure digital food marketing to adolescents through Facebook

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
B Kidd ◽  
S Mackay ◽  
B Swinburn ◽  
C Lutteroth ◽  
S Vandevijvere
Keyword(s):  
Food Marketing ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Tree Representation ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Browser Extension ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objective: To test the feasibility of a browser extension to estimate the exposure of adolescents to (un)healthy food and beverage advertisements on Facebook and the persuasive techniques used to market these foods and beverages. Design: A Chrome browser extension (AdHealth) was developed to automatically collect advertisements seen by participants on their personal Facebook accounts. Information was extracted and sent to a web server by parsing the Document Object Model tree representation of Facebook web pages. Key information retrieved included the advertisement type seen and duration of each ad sighting. The WHO-Europe Nutrient Profile Model was used to classify the healthiness of products advertised as permitted (healthy) or not permitted (unhealthy) to be advertised to children. Setting: Auckland, New Zealand. Participants: Thirty-four Facebook users aged 16–18 years. Results: The browser extension retrieved 4973 advertisements from thirty-four participants, of which 204 (4 %) were food-related, accounting for 1·1 % of the exposure duration. Of those food advertisements, 98 % were classified as not permitted, and 33·7 and 31·9 %, respectively, of those featured promotional characters or premium offers. The mean rate of exposure to not permitted food was 4·8 (sd = 2·5) advertisements per hour spent on Facebook. Conclusions: Using a Chrome extension to monitor exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertisements showed that the vast majority of advertisements were for unhealthy products, despite numerous challenges to implementation. Further efforts are needed to develop tools for use across other social media platforms and mobile devices, and policies to protect young people from digital food advertising.

scholarly journals Exploring the extent of digital food and beverage related content associated with a family-friendly event: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Amson ◽  
Lauren Remedios ◽  
Adena Pinto ◽  
Monique Potvin Kent
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Coding Manual

Abstract Background Exposure to unhealthy food and beverage content is a contributing factor to the obesity epidemic. Youth are susceptible to unhealthy digital food marketing including content shared by their peers, which can be as influential as commercial marketing. Current Canadian regulations do not consider the threat digital food marketing poses to health. No research to date has examined the prevalence of food related posts on social media surrounding family-friendly events. The aim of this study was to explore the frequency of food related content (including food marketing) and the marketing techniques employed in social media posts related to a family-friendly event in Canada. Methods In this case study, a content analysis of social media posts related to a family-friendly event on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram was conducted between January to February 2019. Each post containing food related content was identified and categorized by source and food category using a coding manual. Marketing techniques found in each food related post were also assessed. Results A total of 732 food and beverage related posts were assessed. These posts were most commonly promoted through Instagram (n = 561, 76.6%) with significantly more individual users (61.5%; p < 0.05) generating food and beverage related content (n = 198, 27%) than other post sources. The top most featured food category was fast food (n = 328, 44.8%) followed by dine-in restaurants (n = 126, 17.2%). The most frequently observed marketing techniques included predominantly featuring a child in the post (n = 124, 16.9%; p < 0.0001), followed by products intended for children (n = 118, 16.1%; p < 0.05), and the presence of family (n = 57, 7.8%; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The present study highlights the proliferation of unhealthy food and beverage content by individuals at a family-friendly event as well as the presence of food marketing. Due to the unfettered advertising found in digital spaces, and that they are largely unregulated, it is important for future policies looking to combat childhood obesity to consider incorporating social media into their regulations to safeguard family-friendly events. General awareness on the implications of peer to peer sharing of unhealthy food and beverage posts should also be considered.

An analysis of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of Northern England

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Amy Finlay ◽  
Scott Lloyd ◽  
Amelia Lake ◽  
Thomas Armstrong ◽  
Mark Fishpool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Deprivation Level ◽  
Food Advertising ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Television Programming ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Index Of Multiple Deprivation

Abstract Objective: To quantify the extent of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of the UK, to identify the healthfulness of advertised products, and any differences by level of deprivation. The study also sought to assess the creative strategies used and extent of appeal to young people. Design: Images of bus shelter advertisements were collected via in person photography (in 2019) and Google Street View (photos recorded in 2018). Food and beverage advertisements were grouped into one of seventeen food categories and classified as healthy/less healthy using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The deprivation level of the advertisement location was identified using the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation. Setting: Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland in South Teesside. Participants: N/A Results: 832 advertisements were identified, almost half (48.9%) of which were for foods or beverages. Of food and non-alcoholic beverage adverts, 35.1% were less healthy. Most food advertisements (98.9%) used at least one of the persuasive creative strategies. Food advertisements were found to be of appeal to children under 18 years (71.9%). No differences in healthiness of advertised foods were found by level of deprivation. Conclusions: Food advertising is extensive on bus shelters in parts of the UK, and a substantial proportion of this advertising is classified as less healthy and would not be permitted to be advertised around television programming for children. Bus shelter advertising should be considered part of the UK policy deliberations around restricting less healthy food marketing exposure.

scholarly journals Its Called Fruit Juice So Its Good For Me Right?: An Exploratory Study Of Childrens Fruit Content Inferences Made From Food Brand Names And Packaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill K. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
Brand Strategy ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Marketing To Children ◽  
Brand Information

Food and beverage marketing to children has come under extreme scrutiny in the past several years as it has been recognized as a potential contributor to the childhood obesity epidemic. It is not the purpose of this research to make the connection between food marketing and childhood obesity. However, an important aspect in fighting this epidemic is corporate responsibility in conveying clear brand information. From an information processing framework, this research examines the inferences made by children about fruit content in childrens food and beverage products. It focuses on food products that are linked to fruit through signals of fruit in the brand name or packaging. Broadly speaking, this research examines the question, when exposed to food product brand names and packaging with fruit-like cues, what do children infer about the amount of fruit found in these products? Findings illustrate extreme confusion in the marketplace. Research addressing how children perceive brand names and other elements of food packaging is important for brand strategy and public policy.

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