scholarly journals Shared meals among young adults are associated with better diet quality and predicted by family meal patterns during adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 883-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Larson ◽  
Jayne Fulkerson ◽  
Mary Story ◽  
Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Shared Meals

AbstractObjectiveTo describe shared meal patterns and examine associations with dietary intake among young adults.DesignPopulation-based, longitudinal cohort study (Project EAT: Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults).SettingParticipants completed surveys and FFQ in high-school classrooms in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN, USA in 1998–1999 (mean age = 15·0 years, ‘adolescence’) and follow-up measures online or by mail in 2008–2009 (mean age = 25·3 years, ‘young adulthood’).SubjectsThere were 2052 participants who responded to the 10-year follow-up survey and reported on frequency of having shared meals.ResultsAmong young adults, the frequency of shared meals during the past week was as follows: never (9·9 %), one or two times (24·7 %), three to six times (39·1 %) and seven or more times (26·3 %). Having more frequent family meals during adolescence predicted a higher frequency of shared meals in young adulthood above and beyond other relevant sociodemographic factors such as household composition and parental status. Compared with young adults who never had family meals during adolescence, those young adults who reported seven or more family meals per week during adolescence had an average of one additional shared meal per week. Having more frequent shared meals in young adulthood was associated with greater intake of fruit among males and females, and with higher intakes of vegetables, milk products and some key nutrients among females.ConclusionsNutrition professionals should encourage families of adolescents to share meals often and establish the tradition of eating together, and work with young adults to ensure that healthy food and beverage choices are offered at mealtimes.

Abstract P204: Depressive Symptomatology, Anti-depressant Use and Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakira F Suglia ◽  
Danielle M Crookes ◽  
Katherine M Keyes ◽  
Karestan C Koenen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Antidepressant Use

Objective: While depression symptoms have been associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood, little is known of the effects of adolescent-onset depression and hypertension in young adulthood. Furthermore, few studies have examined whether use of anti-depressants is associated with hypertension among young adults. Research Design and Methods: We examined the relation between depression symptoms and hypertension in young adulthood in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=13,722). Adolescents completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD)-20 during wave 1 (1994-1995, mean age 16) and the CESD-10 during follow-up wave 4 (2007-2008, mean age 29). Depression symptoms were characterized as a score of 16 or above for the CESD-20 and 11 or above for CESD-10. During follow-up participants were asked to provide to the interviewer all medications they were currently taking or had taken in the previous six months. Antidepressant and antihypertensive medications were identified from all medications provided. Blood pressure was measured during an in-home visit. Hypertension was defined as measured SBP of at least 140mmHg or DBP of at least 90mmHG measured in adulthood, or use of antihypertensive medications. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 20%. In models adjusting for sociodemographic factors, high depression symptoms in either adolescence or young adulthood were not significantly associated with hypertension in young adulthood. Use of anti-depressants in young adulthood was associated with hypertension (OR 2.89, 95%CI 1.82, 4.56) this association remained even after adjusting for obesity. No interactions by gender were noted. Conclusions: In this nationally representative sample, antidepressant use was associated hypertension in young adulthood. In accordance with a recent AHA Scientific Statement, our findings suggest that young adults with depression should be monitored closely to prevent the development of risk factors, such as hypertension, which may accelerate the development of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Obesity, Abdominal Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adults: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Eun Hui Bae ◽  
Sang Yeob Lim ◽  
Jin-Hyung Jung ◽  
Tae Ryom Oh ◽  
Hong Sang Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baseline Examination ◽  
New Onset

Obesity has become a pandemic. It is one of the strongest risk-factors of new-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the effects of obesity and abdominal obesity on the risk of developing CKD in young adults has not been elucidated. From a nationwide health screening database, we included 3,030,884 young adults aged 20–39 years without CKD during a baseline examination in 2009–2010, who could follow up during 2013–2016. Patients were stratified into five levels based on their baseline body mass index (BMI) and six levels based on their waist circumference (WC; 5-cm increments). The primary outcome was the development of CKD. During the follow up, until 2016, 5853 (0.19%) participants developed CKD. Both BMI and WC showed a U-shaped relationship with CKD risk, identifying the cut-off values as a BMI of 21 and WC of 72 cm in young adults. The obesity group (odd ratio [OR] = 1.320, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.247–1.397) and abdominal obesity group (male WC ≥ 90, female WC ≥ 85) (OR = 1.208, 95%CI: 1.332–1.290) showed a higher CKD risk than the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity groups after adjusting for covariates. In the CKD risk by obesity composite, the obesity displayed by the abdominal obesity group showed the highest CKD risk (OR = 1.502, 95%CI: 1.190–1.895), especially in those under 30 years old. During subgroup analysis, the diabetes mellitus (DM) group with obesity or abdominal obesity paradoxically showed a lower CKD risk compared with the non-obesity or non-abdominal obesity group. Obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with increased risk of developing CKD in young adults but a decreased risk in young adults with diabetes.

scholarly journals 0890 Sleep Disordered Breathing is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Young Adults: Preliminary Longitudinal Findings in the Penn State Child Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A339-A339
Author(s):  
J Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Z Gao ◽  
K Brandt ◽  
L Houser ◽  
S L Calhoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Child ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in middle-age is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, population-based studies supporting its cardiovascular contribution at earlier stages of development are lacking, particularly with long-term follow-ups. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a population-based longitudinal sample of 700 children (8.7±1.7y), of whom 421 were followed-up 8.3 years later during adolescence (17.0±2.3y) with in-lab polysomnography (PSG). To date, 425 have been followed-up another 7.4 years later during young adulthood (24.4±2.6y) via a standardized survey and 136 of them (55.1% female, 21.3% racial/ethnic minority) have undergone a repeat of their PSG to ascertain apnea/hypopnea index. Subjects (n=121) also underwent Doppler ultrasounds to assess flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Linear regression models stratified by body mass index in young adulthood. Results SDB was cross-sectionally associated with lower FMD (β=-0.239, p=0.008) and greater CIMT (β=0.330, p<0.001) in young adulthood. Longitudinally, childhood (n=121) and adolescence (n=90) SDB were significantly associated with CIMT (β=0.327, p<0.001 and β=0.286, p=0.006, respectively), but not with FMD (β=-0.158, p=0.08 and β=-0.101, p=0.35, respectively). These associations, particularly longitudinal ones between childhood and adolescence SDB with CIMT in young adulthood, were stronger in overweight than normal weight subjects (e.g., β=0.310, p=0.030 and β =0.089, p=0.582, respectively). Conclusion SDB and obesity appear to be synergistically associated with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in young adults from the general population. These data suggest that a childhood exposure to chronic SDB is associated with long-term atherosclerosis, while endothelial dysfunction may be a short-term outcome. This ongoing 16-year longitudinal study will test whether the natural history of SDB from childhood through adolescence into young adulthood shows differential trajectories for cardiovascular morbidity. Support National Institutes of Health (R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127)

Maternal Partner Criminality and Cannabis use in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh ◽  
Stuart A. Kinner ◽  
Konrad Jamrozik ◽  
Jake M. Najman ◽  
Abdullah A. Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Mater Hospital ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Objectives: The present study examined whether the experience of the arrest or incarceration of a mother's partner before a child reached 14 years of age was associated with use of cannabis in early adulthood and, if so, whether this association was confounded or mediated by other factors. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The history of partner arrest and incarceration was reported by mothers at the 14 year follow up. Mothers were divided into four groups: mothers whose partner had no history of arrest or incarceration, mothers reporting partner arrest, mothers reporting partner incarceration, and unpartnered mothers. Young adults’ cannabis use was assessed at 21 years. Other covariates were prospectively measured between birth and 14 years. Results: After controlling for potential confounding and mediating factors, frequent use of cannabis at age 21 was more likely among young adults with a history of maternal partner arrest (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.8). There was no significant association between maternal partner incarceration or single motherhood, and cannabis use at age 21. Conclusions: Arrest of the mother's partner before the child is 14 is associated with that child's increased cannabis use at age 21 but this does not appear to be the case for children whose fathers have been imprisoned. It appears that for children whose fathers have been arrested, the father's ongoing presence in the family may result in worse outcomes for the child, including an increased risk of cannabis use in young adulthood.

Change in Working Time in a Population-Based Cohort of Patients With Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (23) ◽  
pp. 2853-2860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Høyer ◽  
Karin Nordin ◽  
Johan Ahlgren ◽  
Leif Bergkvist ◽  
Mats Lambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Work Limitations ◽  
Quality Register

Purpose We examined changes in working time 16 months after a breast cancer diagnosis and identified factors associated with job discontinuation and/or decreased working time. Patients and Methods This was a population-based cohort study with 735 patients identified in the Regional Breast Cancer Quality Register of Central Sweden. The study sample consisted of 505 women (age < 63 years at diagnosis) who completed questionnaires at baseline and at follow-up (on average 4 and 16 months after diagnosis, respectively). Clinical register data and questionnaire data on sociodemographic factors were obtained at baseline. Self-reported work-related data were obtained at follow-up. Odds ratios were estimated by using logistic regression models. Results Compared with prediagnosis working time, 72% reported no change in working time, 2% reported an increase, 15% reported a decrease, and 11% did not work at follow-up. Chemotherapy increased the likelihood (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.34) of job discontinuation/decreased working time. Among chemotherapy recipients, associated factors included full-time work prediagnosis (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.51 to 7.01), cancer-related work limitations (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 2.30 to 12.03), and less value attached to work (OR, 3.69; 95% CI, 1.80 to 7.54). In the nonchemotherapy group, older age (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.17) and less value attached to work (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.01 to 12.45) were associated with the outcome. Conclusion The majority of women treated for breast cancer returned to their prediagnosis working time. Chemotherapy and cancer-related work limitations are important factors to take into account in identifying women in need of support. Moreover, it is important to consider the woman's own valuation of labor market participation.

scholarly journals Associations with kidney transplant survival and eGFR decline in children and young adults in the United Kingdom: a retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Hamilton ◽  
Lucy A. Plumb ◽  
Anna Casula ◽  
Manish D. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Egfr Decline

Abstract Background Although young adulthood is associated with transplant loss, many studies do not examine eGFR decline. We aimed to establish clinical risk factors to identify where early intervention might prevent subsequent adverse transplant outcomes. Methods Retrospective cohort study using UK Renal Registry and UK Transplant Registry data, including patients aged < 30 years transplanted 1998–2014. Associations with death-censored graft failure were investigated with multivariable Cox proportional hazards. Multivariable linear regression was used to establish associations with eGFR slope gradients calculated over the last 5 years of observation per individual. Results The cohort (n = 5121, of whom n = 371 received another transplant) was 61% male, 80% White and 36% had structural disease. Live donation occurred in 48%. There were 1371 graft failures and 145 deaths with a functioning graft over a 39,541-year risk period. Median follow-up was 7 years. Fifteen-year graft survival was 60.2% (95% CI 58.1, 62.3). Risk associations observed in both graft loss and eGFR decline analyses included female sex, glomerular diseases, Black ethnicity and young adulthood (15–19-year and 20–24-year age groups, compared to 25–29 years). A higher initial eGFR was associated with less risk of graft loss but faster eGFR decline. For each additional 10 mL/min/1.73m2 initial eGFR, the hazard ratio for graft loss was 0.82 (95% CI 0.79, 0.86), p < 0.0001. However, compared to < 60 mL/min/1.73m2, higher initial eGFR was associated with faster eGFR decline (> 90 mL/min/1.73m2; − 3.55 mL/min/1.73m2/year (95% CI -4.37, − 2.72), p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, young adulthood is a key risk factor for transplant loss and eGFR decline for UK children and young adults. This study has an extended follow-up period and confirms common risk associations for graft loss and eGFR decline, including female sex, Black ethnicity and glomerular diseases. A higher initial eGFR was associated with less risk of graft loss but faster rate of eGFR decline. Identification of children at risk of faster rate of eGFR decline may enable early intervention to prolong graft survival.

Abstract 038: Cumulative Exposure To Sleep Disordered Breathing From Childhood Through Young Adulthood Is Associated With Impaired Endothelial Function

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Zhaohui Gao ◽  
Myra Qureshi ◽  
Baadal A Vachhani ◽  
Jiangang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Introduction: Clinical and population-based studies in adults have shown that sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with impaired endothelial function. However, there is a lack of population-based studies demonstrating an association between SDB and endothelial dysfunction in young adults using a developmental approach. Hypothesis: Exposure to SDB since childhood is associated with long-term impaired flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in young adulthood. Methods: We tested this hypothesis in a subsample of the Penn State Child Cohort, a population-based study of 700 children (median age 9y), of whom 421 were followed-up 6-13 years later during adolescence (median age 16y), and 178 have been followed-up 11-19 years later during young adulthood (median age 24y). Subjects (54.5% female, 20.8% racial/ethnic minority) underwent in-lab polysomnography to ascertain the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) at all three time points, and ultrasounds to assess FMD in young adulthood. Based on the AHI truncated at ≥5 events/hour of sleep to include subjects already on positive airway pressure therapy, we averaged the exposure to AHI over the three time points (cAHI). The study outcomes were FMD, as a continuous measure, and endothelial dysfunction, defined as FMD<10.3% based on the median of the sample. Linear and logistic regression models simultaneously adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, overweight and length of follow-up. Results: The mean cAHI was 1.31 (1.35) ranging from 0 to 5 and the mean FMD was 0.11 (0.04) ranging from 0.03 to 0.25. Linear models showed that cAHI was associated with significantly lower FMD in young adulthood (β = -0.006; 95% CI = -0.011, -0.0013; p = 0.014). To test the robustness of the analysis, we applied the same model with the square root of FMD as the outcome and similar results were obtained (β = -0.009; 95% CI = -0.016, -0.0017; p = 0.015). Logistic models showed that each point increase in cAHI was associated with 51% higher odds of endothelial dysfunction in young adulthood (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.06; p = 0.006). Conclusions: The preliminary data of this ongoing longitudinal study indicates that exposure to SDB during early stages of life is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in young adults from the general population.

Abstract P107: Serum Urate Trajectories in Young Adulthood and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events By Middle Age; The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (cardia) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagisa Morikawa ◽  
Michael P. Bancks ◽  
Yuichiro Yano ◽  
Masanori Kuwabara ◽  
Angelo L. Gaffo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: Higher levels of serum urate (UA) obtained on a single occasion have been shown to be associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events among middle-aged or older adults. However, little is known regarding UA trajectory patterns during young adulthood and their associations with CVD outcomes by middle age. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that higher UA trajectory is associated with a higher risk for CVD events compared to lower UA trajectories. Methods: We included data from 4845 CARDIA Study participants (mean age at the Year 20 exam 44.8±3.7 (37-55) years; 50.8% African American; 55.6% female). Sex-specific UA trajectories were assessed using group-based trajectory modeling (PROC TRAJ in SAS version 9.4) based on UA levels obtained at baseline (Year 0) and 10, 15, 20 years later. Covariates included age, sex, race, and clinical characteristics at Year 20 (body mass index, diabetes and creatinine). We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for CVD events (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke) from Year 20 (2005-06) through 2017. Results: We identified 3 UA trajectories in men and 3 similar but lower UA trajectories in women, characterized by low-increasing (men: 30%; n=652, mean UA 5.1; women 43%, n=1191, mean UA 3.9), moderate-increasing (men: 52%; n=1290, mean UA 6.4; women 45%, n=1284, mean UA 5.0), and high-increasing UA (men: 17%; n=377, mean UA 8.0; women 12%, n=305, mean UA 6.4) (Figure 1). Sex-specific trajectories were pooled. Over a median follow-up of 10.9 years, 203 incident CVD events occurred. The adjusted HRs for CVD events were 0.98 (95%CI, 0.66-1.45) for the pooled moderate-increasing group and 1.77 (95%CI, 1.10-2.84) for the pooled high-increasing group compared to the pooled low-increasing group. Conclusions: High-increasing UA trajectory during young adulthood was associated with an greater risk of CVD events by middle age. Modeling UA trajectories may help identify young adults at higher risk for CVD events.

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