Low dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among lactating women in a peri-urban area of Nepal

AbstractObjectiveThe main objectives were to assess the adequacy of the micronutrient intakes of lactating women in a peri-urban area in Nepal and to describe the relationships between micronutrient intake adequacy, dietary diversity and sociodemographic variables.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed during 2008–2009. We used 24 h dietary recall to assess dietary intake on three non-consecutive days and calculated the probability of adequacy (PA) of the usual intake of eleven micronutrients and the overall mean probability of adequacy (MPA). A mean dietary diversity score (MDDS) was calculated of eight food groups averaged over 3 d. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the determinants of the MPA.SettingBhaktapur municipality, Nepal.SubjectsLactating women (n 500), 17–44 years old, randomly selected.ResultsThe mean usual energy intake was 8464 (sd 1305) kJ/d (2023 (sd 312) kcal/d), while the percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrates was 11 %, 13 % and 76 %, respectively. The mean usual micronutrient intakes were below the estimated average requirements for all micronutrients, with the exception of vitamin C and Zn. The MPA across eleven micronutrients was 0·19 (sd 0·16). The diet was found to be monotonous (MDDS was 3·9 (sd 1·0)) and rice contributed to about 60 % of the energy intake. The multiple regression analyses showed that MPA was positively associated with energy intake, dietary diversity, women’s educational level and socio-economic status, and was higher in the winter.ConclusionsThe low micronutrient intakes are probably explained by low dietary diversity and a low intake of micronutrient-rich foods.

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Higher dietary diversity is related to better visual and auditory sustained attention

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000428 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 1470-1480 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farideh Shiraseb ◽

Fereydoun Siassi ◽

Mostafa Qorbani ◽

Gity Sotoudeh ◽

Reza Rostami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustained Attention ◽

Performance Test ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sports Clubs ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Effective Performance ◽

The Mean

AbstractAttention is a complex cognitive function that is necessary for learning, for following social norms of behaviour and for effective performance of responsibilities and duties. It is especially important in sensitive occupations requiring sustained attention. Improvement of dietary diversity (DD) is recognised as an important factor in health promotion, but its association with sustained attention is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the association between auditory and visual sustained attention and DD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 women aged 20–50 years who attended sports clubs at Tehran Municipality. Sustained attention was evaluated on the basis of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test using Integrated Visual and Auditory software. A single 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used for DD assessment. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined using the FAO guidelines. The mean visual and auditory sustained attention scores were 40·2 (sd35·2) and 42·5 (sd38), respectively. The mean DDS was 4·7 (sd1·5). After adjusting for age, education years, physical activity, energy intake and BMI, mean visual and auditory sustained attention showed a significant increase as the quartiles of DDS increased (P=0·001). In addition, the mean subscales of attention, including auditory consistency and vigilance, visual persistence, visual and auditory focus, speed, comprehension and full attention, increased significantly with increasing DDS (P<0·05). In conclusion, higher DDS is associated with better visual and auditory sustained attention.

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Association Between Dietary Quality and Postpartum Depression in Lactating Women: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Urban China

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.705353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Chenlu Yang ◽

Ai Zhao ◽

Hanglian Lan ◽

Zhongxia Ren ◽

Jian Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Urban China ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Food Variety

Background: Evidence on the effects of dietary quality on the risk of postpartum depression in the Chinese population is limited. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary quality and postpartum depression in Chinses lactating women.Methods: A total of 939 participants from 10 cities were included in this analysis. A one-time 24-h dietary recall was used to obtain the data on food consumption and dietary quality was assessed based on Diet Balance Index. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was considered at a cutoff point of 10 to detect postpartum depression. Poisson regression models were used to explore the association of dietary quality with postpartum depression.Results: Depressed women tended to have a more inadequate intake of vegetables and have more insufficient food variety. The median (25th, 75th) of the overall high bound score (HBS), low bound score (LBS), and diet quality distance (DQD) was 9 (5, 14), 30 (25, 37), and 40 (34, 47), respectively. Compared with subjects with the lowest quartile of LBS, those with the highest quartile of LBS had a higher risk of postpartum depression [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR), 1.08; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.01, 1.15; P for trend, 0.043]. We also observed a significant association between DQD and postpartum depression (Q4 vs. Q1: aPR, 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14; P for trend, 0.036).Conclusion: Poor dietary quality was associated with postpartum depression in Chinese lactating women.

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Pattern and Extent of Street Food Consumption in Hohoe, Volta Region, Ghana: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2020/7131847 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Winnifred Ekua Baidoe ◽

Mark Kwame Ananga ◽

Elorm Kwame Nyinaku

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Food Group ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Street Food

Background. For most people in developing countries, street food is a major source of sustenance, and Ghana is no exception. Street food vending has seen tremendous growth in Ghana as a result of the insurgence of urbanisation. Despite being one of the largest sectors of national economy in terms of employment and sales of food, very little is known about street food consumption patterns in Ghana. The current study explored the patterns and extent of street food consumption in the Hohoe township. Methods. A cross-sectional design which recruited 403 subjects through a multistage sampling technique. A semistructured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, types of street foods, extent of street food consumption, safety concerns, and diversity of street foods patronised. Means, standard deviations, and Chi-square tests were used to determine the association between selected variables at <0.05 level of significance. Results. The top 5 foods mostly patronised by respondents are porridge foods-Koko (17.9%), rice and stew (17.4%), banku (12.6%), waakye (11.5%), and kenkey (8.7%) with porridge foods consumed almost on a daily basis. Convenience (37.2%) and affordability (17.1%) greatly influenced the choice of street foods among consumers. Occupation and the level of education are strongly correlated with the concern for safety of street foods {(X2 = 17.3094, P<0.008); (X2 = 17.1731, P<0.002)}. The dietary diversity score of most respondents was in the high tercile (77.7%) (≥6 food groups), whilst the cereals dominate the food group mostly consumed by respondents. Conclusion. The study suggests that patronising street food is very high in Hohoe municipality, irrespective of the gender, occupation, or educational level. As an “informal” sector of food business, street foods often escape formal inspection and control. They can, therefore, both be the source of food safety problems and contribute to the deterioration of environmental hygiene. This is a call on policy makers and regulators to take a critical look at the sector.

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Relationships between Motivations for Food Choices and Consumption of Food Groups: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Survey in Manufacturing Workers in Brazil

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051490 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1490 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anissa M. Souza ◽

Ingrid W.L. Bezerra ◽

Gabriela S. Pereira ◽

Karina G. Torres ◽

Raiane M. Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Weight Control ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Food Choices ◽

Ethical Concern ◽

Food Groups ◽

White Meat ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall

Motivations for food choices may determine consumption, and understanding that relationship may help direct strategies for formulating diets. This study aimed to identify associations between motivations for food choices and consumption of food groups. An observational cross-sectional survey was conducted in 921 manufacturing workers from 33 companies in Brazil, based on a stratified two-stage probability sample. Motivations for food choices were assessed with the Food Choice Questionnaire, and intake of food groups was measured using 24-h dietary recall. Consumption was classified into 31 food groups defined according to their nutritional value and the NOVA classification. Data were analyzed with multilevel mixed-effects regression. The results showed that sensory appeal and price were the most important motivations for food choices, while ethical concern was less important. Sensory appeal was positively associated with consumption of industrialized condiments (p = 0.022), price showed a negative correlation with consumption of plant oils (p = 0.022), ethical concern showed positive correlation within consumption white meat (p = 0.065) and negative correlation within pasta dishes (p < 0.001). Regarding the NOVA classification, health correlated with an increase in consumption of unprocessed foods (p = 0.017) and weight control with a decrease in consumption of processed culinary ingredients (p = 0.057).

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Individual dietary diversity is strongly associated with stunting in infants and young children

Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia ◽

10.22146/ijcn.15989 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bunga Astria Paramashanti ◽

Yhona Paratmanitya ◽

Marsiswati Marsiswati

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Economic Status ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Feeding Practice ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infants And Young Children

Background: The increased nutrient fulfillment is required for optimal growth and development during the first two years of life. Based on WHO, dietary diversity is one of core indicators for assessing diet quality and adequacy.Objective: This study aimed to understand the association between individual dietary diversity and stunting in infants and young children in Sedayu Subdistrict, Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Method: This study used cross-sectional design. It was conducted from February to March 2016 in Sedayu Subdistrict. Subjects were 189 infants and young children aged 6-23 months selected by probability proportional to size sampling technique. Individual dietary diversity was assessed by minimum dietary diversity with the consumption of 4 or more food groups of the total 7 food goups. Data were analyzed by using statistics descriptive, Chi-Square test, and multiple logistic regression.Results: Poor dietary diversity (OR=16,76; 95%CI: 6,77-41,51) was significantly related with stunting. Other factor associated with stunting was low birth weight (OR=5,12; 95%CI: 2,11-12,43). In addition, appropiate time of introducing complementary food (OR=0,32; 95%CI: 0,13-0,75) was a protective factor against stunting. Household economic status acted as an effect modifier and confounding factor between dietary diversity and stunting.Conclusion: Consumption of diverse diet at least 4 food groups reduced the risk of stunting in infants and young children. Efforts should be made to improve dietary diversity in complementary feeding practice.

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Snack Consumption Pattern of Adults in the University of Calabar & its Health Implications

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v10i130095 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Eridiong O. Onyenweaku ◽

Gregory E. Oko ◽

Winifred A. Fila

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Dietary Intake Assessment ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

The University

Aims: To determine the snack consumption pattern of adults and the effect of consumption of certain snacks on the health status of adults in the University of Calabar. Study design: Cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: University of Calabar, Calabar - Nigeria. June to July, 2017. Methodology: After a multi-staged random sampling technique, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 400 adult respondents using a well-structured questionnaire. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24hour dietary recall were also administered to the respondents. The data obtained from the survey instruments were analysed with the aid of Microsoft excel. For the dietary intake assessment, Food and Agricultural Organisation’s (FAO) ‘Guidelines for Measuring Household and Individual Dietary Diversity’ was used to calculate individual’s dietary diversity score (DDS) before recording. Results: It was observed that 84% of the respondents skipped meals and breakfast was the most skipped meal followed by lunch. Most people (46%) skipped breakfast because they left early for work while majority who skipped lunch did so because they had no time for food at work (53%). Only 8.6% of the respondents did not eat snacks, and most of those who consumed snacks did so because they preferred snacks to food (32%). The most commonly consumed snacks among the respondents was pastries (36.5%), followed by biscuits (25.7%) while the least consumed snacks were vegetables (1%) followed by sweets and gums (1.1%). Consequently, pastries contributed the most snack calories to the study population. Conclusion: Most people skip meals; and snacks serve as a substitute for such skipped meals. Only few people frequently consume healthy snacks such as fruits and vegetables. Most people were discovered to eat pastries as snacks and these pastries (such as cakes and pies) are highly processed foods which could increase the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in their consumers.

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“I Feel like I’m Eating Rice 24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week”: Dietary Diversity among Asylum Seekers Living in Norway

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2293 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sigrun Henjum ◽

Bess L. Caswell ◽

Laura Terragni

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Asylum Seekers ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Limited Information ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Vegetables And Fruits ◽

Inadequate Dietary Intake

Food insecurity is widespread among asylum seekers resettled in Western countries. Limited information exists on the quality of food intake in this population. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary quality among asylum seekers living in Norwegian reception centers. This study has a cross-sectional research design. Dietary intake was assessed through a qualitative 24-hour dietary recall, and the dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated. This study was conducted in eight Norwegian reception centers. A total of 205 adult asylum seekers (131 men and 74 women) participated in the study. The asylum seekers ate on average two meals per day, and one-third ate their first meal after noon. Mean (SD) DDS was 4.0 (1.6) and 2/3 had low dietary diversity, eating from fewer than five food groups. Women had a significantly higher mean DDS (4.5) than men (3.8) (β (95% CI): 0.47 (0.00, 0.95) and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruits. The longer the period of residence in Norway, the higher the DDS, β (95% CI): 0.01 (0.00, 0.02). The asylum seekers’ inadequate dietary intake reveals new forms of poverty and social exclusion in Europe. An inadequate dietary intake may increase the magnitude of difficulty involved in the settlement process and contribute to poorer health.

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Household food insecurity is associated with low dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980018002719 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 697-705 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yunhee Kang ◽

Kristen M Hurley ◽

Julie Ruel-Bergeron ◽

Assumpta Bou Monclus ◽

Rachel Oemcke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Insecurity ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Rural Districts ◽

Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household food insecurity and dietary diversity in the past 24h (dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–9); minimum dietary diversity (MDD, consumption of three or more food groups); consumption of nine separate food groups) among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo rural districts in Central Malawi.SubjectsPregnant (n 589) and lactating (n 641) women.ResultsOf surveyed pregnant and lactating women, 66·7 and 68·6 %, respectively, experienced moderate or severe food insecurity and only 32·4 and 28·1 %, respectively, met MDD. Compared with food-secure pregnant women, those who reported severe food insecurity had a 0·36 lower DDS (P<0·05) and more than threefold higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of not consuming meat/fish (3·19; CI 1·68, 6·03). The risk of not consuming eggs (3·77; 1·04, 13·7) was higher among moderately food-insecure pregnant women. Compared with food-secure lactating women, those who reported mild, moderate and severe food insecurity showed a 0·36, 0·44 and 0·62 lower DDS, respectively (all P<0·05). The risk of not achieving MDD was higher among moderately (1·95; 1·06, 3·59) and severely (2·82; 1·53, 5·22) food-insecure lactating women. The risk of not consuming meat/fish and eggs increased in a dose–response manner among lactating women experiencing mild (1·75; 1·01, 3·03 and 2·81; 1·09, 7·25), moderate (2·66; 1·47, 4·82 and 3·75; 1·40, 10·0) and severe (5·33; 2·63, 10·8 and 3·47; 1·19, 10·1) food insecurity.ConclusionsAddressing food insecurity during and after pregnancy needs to be considered when designing nutrition programmes aiming to increase dietary diversity in rural Malawi.

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Use of Linear Programming to Develop Complementary Feeding Recommendations to Improve Nutrient Adequacy and Dietary Diversity Among Breastfed Children in the Rural Philippines

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0379572121998125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 037957212199812

Author(s):

Karen Kay Mejos ◽

Maria Socorro Ignacio ◽

Rohan Jayasuriya ◽

Jayashree Arcot

Keyword(s):

Linear Programming ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Age Group ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutrient Adequacy ◽

Programming Tool

Background: Lack of dietary diversity in complementary feeding contributes to nutrient gaps leading to undernutrition. Food-based strategies have been successfully used to enrich the complementary diets of infants and young children. However, context-specific recommendations based on an objective diet optimization is needed to formulate sound and practical nutritional guidelines. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify problem nutrients in complementary diets and formulate complementary feeding recommendations (CFRs) using linear programming analysis for children aged 6 to 23 months in the rural Philippines. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the municipality of Mercedes, Philippines. Dietary intakes of breastfed children 6 to 8, 9 to 11, and 12 to 23 months of age (n = 297) were assessed using a multipass 24-hour recall method with 7-day food consumption frequency. A linear programming tool was used to identify the recommended nutrient intakes that could not be met within the existing local food patterns and develop CFRs that would best fulfil nutrient adequacy for 11 modelled micronutrients. Results: Problem nutrients in the current diets were iron and calcium in any age-group, zinc for 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 months old, and thiamine and folate for 12 to 23 months old children. Adoption of CFRs with 4 to 5 food groups in the diet would ensure the adequacy of 7 to 8 nutrients, depending on the age-group. Conclusion: Within the boundaries of local dietary patterns, adequacy for most nutrients could be achieved by promoting realistic servings of nutrient-dense foods and food groups. The linear programming results provide an evidence-based strategy in designing interventions to improve the quality of Filipino complementary diets.

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The nutritional status of children under five and the associated factors.

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v6i6.ft01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Evayline Muthoni Nkirigacha

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Economic Status ◽

Food Groups ◽

Normal Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey and the objectives were to find out the nutritional status and associated factors of children under-five years in Mwanamukia of Kasarani Sub-County of Nairobi County. Structured questionnaire was used on demographic, socio-economic and child caring practice. Anthropometric measurements were used. 43% severely stunted and 27% normal. 43% underweight, 26% normal. Severe wasting 20% 50.3% normal. Children age 36-47 months stunted (<-3 Z scores) than younger children, children aged 0-6 months had normal nutritional status. Low dietary diversity were achieved by children under-five (58% (<4 food groups), 23% medium scores (4-8 food groups), 19% high scores (6-8 food groups). Most consumed cereals (79%), legumes (10%), and meat (0.2%). (82%) consumed one meal per day, (6.6%) three meals/ day. Risk of stunting 5.343 times higher in children who did not meet minimum dietary diversity. Risk of stunting was higher (OR=2.421 Ci =1.340-10.346 PV= 0.003). Education 44.6%, 8% illiterate, 34.6% 0’level education, 0.8% University. Low dietary diversity stunted P.V =0.003. Occupation 28.6%, small businesses, and 21.2% farmers. Monthly income KES 11000-20000, lowest KES 1000-10000 per month, 68% had KES 30000/ month. There was no significance difference between nutritional status and household socio-economic status, age of mothers, educational level and occupation PV=0.003. The study shows there is high prevalence of stunting and under-weight in children. In conclusion there was low dietary diversity and low food consumption frequency. Stunting had statically significant association with low dietary diversity and underweight had a statistically significant relationship with household size.

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