scholarly journals Food avoidance in an Australian adult population sample: the case of dairy products

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1616-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bella Yantcheva ◽  
Sinéad Golley ◽  
David Topping ◽  
Philip Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Medical Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Significant Public Health

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of and explanations for the avoidance of dairy foods, including symptoms attributed to their consumption, diagnoses and psychological predictors of avoidance. Also considered were comparisons with symptom-related avoidance of wheat in the same sample.DesignCross-sectional population survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Australia using a national postal omnibus survey.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and over (n 1184; 52·9 % female) selected at random from the Australian Electoral Roll.ResultsDespite few claims of formally diagnosed allergy or intolerance, 11·8 % of the sample reported avoiding dairy products because of adverse physiological effects, which commonly included gastrointestinal symptoms. Unlike wheat (3·5 %) or wheat-and-dairy (3·6 %) avoidance, dairy avoidance (8·2 %) was predicted by age (negatively) and worry about illness (positively).ConclusionsThe findings are further evidence of a widespread tendency for consumers to exercise control over their health by eliminating dietary factors considered suspect without medical evidence or oversight. Unanswered questions include the decision processes underlying dairy avoidance, whether symptoms are attributed correctly, the agents and physiological mechanism(s) involved, the relative contributions of symptom severity and vigilance to the association with illness worry, and the nutritional adequacy of dairy avoiders’ diets. Irrespective of the accuracy of self-diagnoses, if the elimination of suspect foods is an end in itself the paradoxical possibility for nutritional imbalances may have significant public health implications.

Associations between different types and sources of dietary fibre intake and depressive symptoms in a general population of adults: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yang Xia ◽  
Yashu Liu ◽  
Shunming Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Fibre Intake

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between dietary fibre (DF) intake and depressive symptoms in a general adult population in Tianjin, China. A total of 24 306 participants (mean age 41 years; range 18–91 years) were enrolled. DF intake was assessed using a validated self-administered FFQ. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Socio-demographic, behavioural, health status and dietary factors were adjusted. In men, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for total, soluble, vegetable and soya DF, OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·83 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·99), 0·74 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·87), 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·96) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·81), respectively. In women, compared with participants in the lowest quartiles for vegetable and soya DF, the OR for depressive symptoms in the highest were 0·77 (95 % CI 0·64, 0·93) and 0·82 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·95), respectively. No association was found between total or soluble DF intake and depressive symptoms in women. No association was found between insoluble, cereal, fruit or tuber DF intake and depressive symptoms in men and women. Linear associations between DF intake and depressive symptoms were only detected for soya DF (men, β = –0·148, P < 0·0001; women, β = –0·069, P = 0·04). Results suggest that intake of soluble, vegetable and soya DF was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. These results should be confirmed through prospective and interventional studies.

scholarly journals Supermarket sales data: a tool for measuring regional differences in dietary habits

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Närhinen ◽  
Mari-Anna Berg ◽  
Aulikki Nissinen ◽  
Pekka Puska
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sales Data

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how well supermarket sales data from a major supermarket chain can reflect on regional differences in dietary behaviour by comparing the sales data with the results provided by the annual health behaviour surveys.DesignCross-sectional observational study.SettingThe study was carried out in six Finnish cities situated in different parts of Finland. For the study supermarket sales data of milk, sour milk, fats and oils for 1 month, September 1997, were obtained from eight supermarkets. Proportional sales of different types of dairy products were calculated as well as mean salt and fat per cent and the proportion of saturated fat to total fat. The health behaviour surveys from spring 1995, 1996 and 1997 provided information about dietary habits of the adult population in the cities. The reported use of dairy products was compared with the percentage sales.ResultsThe proportional sales of dairy products varied between the cities. In Pori in western Finland the sale of milk fat was highest in all food groups. In Oulu, northern Finland, the sale of non-fat milk was high. In the capital region the sale of oil was highest. Regional differences could also be seen in the survey data. The similarity between the two different datasets was high.ConclusionsThe use of supermarket sales data for assessing regional differences in health behaviour is feasible. The challenge will be to get supermarket managers willing to provide sales data on a routine basis for monitoring and research.

Dietary approaches to alleviation of lactose maldigestion / Efectos de la dieta sobre la digestión de la lactosa

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Lactose Malabsorption ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Lactose Maldigestion ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Because dairy products are a significant source of essential nutrients, elimination of all dairy foods in the diet would be nutritionally unwise and is usually not necessary in the case of lactose maldigestion. About 250 ml milk/d can generally be taken without adverse effects. If milk is taken in combination with solid foods, lactose malabsorption may be reduced by about 50%, probably due to a slower rate of colonic fermentation which may lower gastrointestinal symptoms in lactose malabsorbers. It is well established that, in lactase-deficient subjects, yoghurt is better tolerated than milk. This is only to some extent related to the fact that the lactose content of the products is reduced during fermentation, but is mainly attributed to the fact that the culture organisms- by virtue of being rich in lactase - are able to participate in the hydrolysis of ingested lactose. Up to 20 g of lactose in yoghurt is tolerated well by lactase-deficient persons. The enhanced absorp tion of lactose in yoghurt is explained as a result of the intestinal release of lactase from the yoghurt organisms. Ripened cheese is also tolerated very well by lactose-intolerant persons since virtually all of the lactose present is decomposed to lactic acid and other metabolites.

scholarly journals Handgrip strength as a moderator of the influence of age on olfactory impairment in US adult population ≥ 40 years of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
José Francisco López-Gil ◽  
Mikel López Sáez de Asteasu ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Antonio García-Hermoso
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderation Analysis ◽  
Olfactory Impairment

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether handgrip strength attenuates the negative relationship between age and olfactory function in a representative US population sample 40 years old and over. A cross-sectional study was performed with 2861 adults from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES (2013–2014). An 8-item odor identification test was applied to determine olfactory function. Muscle strength was determined through a handgrip dynamometer (defined as the sum of the largest handgrip strength reading from right and left hands). Moderation analysis was performed to test whether the association between age and olfactory impairment was moderated by handgrip strength. Moderation analysis highlighted two regions of significance: the first region was found at < 56.6 kg, indicating that the adverse influence of age on olfactory function may be greater for the participants in this area; the second region was found at ≥ 56.6 kg, indicating that the negative impact of age on olfactory function disappeared for adults who were above this estimate point. In conclusion, handgrip strength, a general indicator of muscle strength, moderates the relationship between age and olfactory ability in a US adult population aged 40 years and older. Our findings are clinically relevant, since they emphasize the importance of muscular fitness in adulthood and old age by diminishing the deleterious effect of aging on olfactory performance.

Epidemiology of Headache in an English District

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
HF Boardman ◽  
E Thomas ◽  
PR Croft ◽  
DS Millson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Headache Pain

Headache prevalence, characteristics and impact in adults were measured using a cross-sectional general population survey in North Staffordshire, UK. A postal survey was mailed out to 4885 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with an adjusted response rate of 56% ( n = 2662). Of respondents 93% reported headache ever and 70% in the last 3 months. Women and younger people reported higher headache prevalences. Of those reporting headache in the last 3 months, 23% experienced headache at least weekly and 16% experienced severe headache pain. Headaches affected work, home or social activities in 43% of sufferers and 20% reported at least moderate headache-related disability. Higher levels of disability were associated with higher levels of pain, 61% with severe disability reporting severe pain compared with 13% who had mild or moderate disability. In the total adult population sample headache affected more than two-thirds in the last 3 months and 14% of all adults reported headache-related disability of at least moderate level, which translates to a large burden in the general population.

scholarly journals Motivations for avoiding wheat consumption in Australia: results from a population survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinéad Golley ◽  
Nadia Corsini ◽  
David Topping ◽  
Matthew Morell ◽  
Philip Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reasoning Style ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Psychosocial Processes

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of and explanations for wheat avoidance, including reported symptoms, diagnoses and information sources influencing the decision to avoid wheat, and to investigate potential psychological predictors of this behaviour.DesignCross-sectional population survey.SettingThe study was conducted in Australia, using a nationwide postal omnibus survey.SubjectsAdults aged 18 years and over (n1184; 52·9 % female) selected at random from the Australian Electoral Roll.ResultsWith cases of stated and suspected coeliac disease (1·2 %) excluded, 7·3 % of the sample reported adverse physiological effects, predominantly gastrointestinal, that they associated with wheat consumption. Few among this group (5·7 %) claimed a formally diagnosed intolerance or allergy requiring avoidance of wheat-based foods. Symptomatic wheat avoidance was highly correlated with dairy avoidance and predicted by gender (female), lesser receptiveness to conventional medicine and greater receptiveness to complementary medicine, but not by neuroticism, reasoning style or tendency to worry about illness.ConclusionsThe data indicate that many adult Australians are consciously avoiding consumption of wheat foods, predominantly without any formal diagnosis. Reported symptoms suggest a physiological but not allergenic basis to this behaviour. Questions to be answered concern whether symptoms are attributed correctly to wheat, the agents (wheat components, dietary factors or additives) and physiological mechanism(s) involved, the nutritional adequacy of avoiders’ diets, and the clinical and psychosocial processes that lead a substantial number of adults to avoid consuming wheat (or any other dietary factor) apparently independently of a medical diagnosis.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use: cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative UK adult population sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Armitage ◽  
Michael T. Loughran ◽  
Kevin J. Munro
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Hearing Protection ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Hearing loss is prevalent and disabling, yet little is known about the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use. The aim of the present research was to estimate the extent of recreational noise exposure and hearing protection use in a sample representative of the UK adult population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 10,401 UK adults who were representative of the population. Results More than 7000 people (n = 7590, 73.0%) reported exposure to recreational noise excluding headphone and earphone use in the last 12 months. Just 158 people (2.1%) reported wearing hearing protection for every noisy recreational activity. Age (younger people) and beliefs of a behavioral (as opposed to genetic) cause of hearing loss were predictive of both higher recreational noise exposure and greater hearing protection use. Men were more exposed to recreational noise but women were less likely to use hearing protection. Conclusions For the first time, the present research quantifies the recreational noise exposure and low levels of hearing protection use in a representative sample of the UK population. The biggest public health gains are likely to be achieved through interventions targeted at younger people and in explaining behavioral (as opposed to genetic) causes of hearing loss.

Cannabis use at a young age is associated with psychotic experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Schubart ◽  
W. A. van Gastel ◽  
E. J. Breetvelt ◽  
S. L. Beetz ◽  
R. A. Ophoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundCannabis use is associated with psychosis and a range of subclinical psychiatric symptoms. The strength of this association depends on dosage and age at first use. The current study investigates whether level of cannabis exposure and starting age are associated with specific profiles of subclinical symptoms.MethodWe collected cross-sectional data from a young adult population sample by administering an online version of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Cannabis exposure was quantified as the amount of Euros spent on cannabis per week and the age of initial cannabis use. The primary outcome measure was the odds ratio (OR) to belong to the highest 10% of scores on the total CAPE and the positive-, negative- and depressive symptom dimensions.ResultsIn 17 698 adolescents (mean age 21.6, s.d.=4.2 years), cannabis use at age 12 years or younger was strongly associated with a top 10% score on psychotic experiences [OR 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–4.3] and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). The OR of heavy users (>€25/week) for negative symptoms was 3.4 (95% CI 2.9–4.1), for psychotic experiences 3.0 (95% CI 2.4–3.6), and for depressive symptoms 2.8 (95% CI 2.3–3.3).ConclusionsEarly start of cannabis use is strongly associated with subclinical psychotic symptoms and to a lesser degree with negative symptoms, while smoking high amounts of cannabis is associated with increased levels of all three symptom dimensions: psychotic, negative and depressive. These results support the hypothesis that the impact of cannabis use is age specific.

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