scholarly journals Perinatal, sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of increased total and visceral fat mass levels in schoolchildren in Greece: the Healthy Growth Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Moschonis ◽  
Adriana C Kaliora ◽  
Kalliopi Karatzi ◽  
Aggelos Michaletos ◽  
Christina-Paulina Lambrinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Mass Level

AbstractObjectiveTo identify possibly independent associations of perinatal, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with childhood total and visceral body fat.DesignA representative sample of 2655 schoolchildren (9–13 years) participated in the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional epidemiological study.SettingSeventy-seven primary schools in four large regions in Greece.SubjectsA sample of 1228 children having full data on total and visceral fat mass levels, as well as on anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, physical examination, socio-economic and perinatal indices, was examined.ResultsMaternal (OR=3·03 and 1·77) and paternal obesity (OR=1·62 and 1·78), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR=1·72 and 1·93) and rapid infant weight gain (OR=1·42 and 1·96) were significantly and positively associated with children’s increased total and visceral fat mass levels, respectively. Children’s television watching for >2 h/d (OR=1·40) and maternal pre-pregnancy obesity (OR=2·46) were associated with children’s increased total and visceral fat mass level, respectively. Furthermore, increased children’s physical activity (OR=0·66 and 0·47) were significantly and negatively associated with children’s total and visceral fat mass levels, respectively. Lastly, both father’s age >46 years (OR=0·57) and higher maternal educational level (OR=0·45) were associated with children’s increased total visceral fat mass level.ConclusionsParental sociodemographic characteristics, perinatal indices and pre-adolescent lifestyle behaviours were associated with children’s abnormal levels of total and visceral fat mass. Any future programme for childhood prevention either from the perinatal age or at late childhood should take these indices into consideration.

scholarly journals Actividad físico-deportiva extraescolar en alumnos de primaria: el caso de Torrevieja (Alicante) (Extracurricular physical and sports activities in elementary students: the case of Torrevieja (Alicante))

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Joaquín Reverter Masià ◽  
Dani Plaza Montero ◽  
María del Carmen Jové Deltell ◽  
Vicenç Hernández González
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Youth Counseling ◽  
The City

En los últimos años se está creando un importante problema de sedentarismo en la infancia. A la hora de diseñar programas de intervención para fomentar la práctica de actividad física es necesario obtener información precisa sobre los niveles de práctica de la población infantil así como de los posibles determinantes de la práctica. Para ello se ha diseñado un estudio donde se evalúan los niveles de práctica de niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años de actividad física. Las conclusiones que se desprenden del estudio realizado son: un alto porcentaje de sujetos no realizan ejercicio físico (34,4%), observándose diferencias entre niños y niñas; se puede afirmar que las niñas practican menos que los niños (35,4% versus 24,9%). Por otro lado, el porcentaje de sujetos físicamente activos es de un 31,2% cuando se considera la recomendación más extendida, de tres o más horas a la semana. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la necesidad de incentivar programas de intervención en niños y jóvenes, aconsejando la práctica de actividad física, prestando especial interés a las chicas.Palabras clave: Salud. Actividad física. Deportes. Niños y adolescentes.Abstract: In recent years, is creating a major problem of physical inactivity in childhood. To design intervention programs that promote physical activity is necessary to obtain accurate information about levels of practice of the child population as well as the possible determinants of the practice. This was carried out a cross-sectional and descriptive. The sample is representative of students attending school in the city of Torrevieja and was selected by a pro rata basis. Participants in the study were 1248 students from thirteen primary schools offering primary education in the city of Torrevieja. The study evaluated physical activity levels of children aged 6 to 12 years. The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire (Latorre, 2006). The version used shows adequate factorial structure (Latorre, 2006). It is an instrument designed to assess the variables of healthy lifestyle among young people and teenagers. The results confirm the need to provide adequate education about healthy lifestyles and enhance the development of intervention programs for children and youth, counseling on diet and physical activity with particular interest in the girls, who are less physically active group and increased risk of disorders.Keywords: Health. Physical activity. Sports. Children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Association between lifestyle-related disorders and visceral fat mass in Japanese males: a hospital based cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Sanada ◽  
Hirohide Yokokawa ◽  
Junichi Yatabe ◽  
Scott M. Williams ◽  
Robin A. Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Factors associated with accelerometer measured movement behaviours among White British and South Asian children aged 6–8 years during school terms and school holidays

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e025071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Carmen Nagy ◽  
Muhammad Faisal ◽  
Maria Horne ◽  
Paul Collings ◽  
Sally Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with movement behaviours among White British (WB) and South Asian (SA) children aged 6–8 years during school terms and holidays.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThree primary schools from the Bradford area, UK.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixty WB and SA children aged 6–8 years.Primary and secondary outcomesSedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured by accelerometry during summer, winter and spring and during school terms and school holidays. Data were analysed using multivariate mixed-effects multilevel modelling with robust SEs. Factors of interest were ethnicity, holiday/term, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), weight status, weekend/weekday and season.ResultsOne hundred and eight children (67.5%) provided 1157 valid days of data. Fifty-nine per cent of children were WB (n=64) and 41% (n=44) were SA. Boys spent more time in MVPA (11 min/day, p=0.013) compared with girls and SA children spent more time in SB (39 min, p=0.017) compared with WB children in adjusted models. Children living in higher SES areas were more sedentary (43 min, p=0.006) than children living in low SES areas. Children were more active during summer (15 min MVPA, p<0.001; 27 LPA, p<0.001) and spring (15 min MVPA, p=0.005; 38 min LPA, p<0.001) and less sedentary (−42 min and −53 min, p<0.001) compared with winter. Less time (8 min, p=0.012) was spent in LPA during school terms compared with school holidays. Children spent more time in MVPA (5 min, p=0.036) during weekend compared with weekdays. Overweight and obese children spent more time in LPA (21 min, p=0.021) than normal-weight children.ConclusionThe results of our study suggest that significant child level factors associated with movement behaviours are ethnicity, sex, weight-status and area SES. Significant temporal factors are weekends, school holidays and seasonality. Interventions to support health enhancing movement behaviours may need to be tailored around these factors.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous fat mass is associated with genetic risk scores related to proinflammatory cytokine signaling and interact with physical activity in middle-aged obese adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Daily ◽  
Hye Jeong Yang ◽  
Meiling Liu ◽  
Min Jung Kim ◽  
Sunmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
High Physical Activity

Abstract Background and aims Subcutaneous fat mass is negatively correlated with atherogenic risk factors, but its putative benefits remain controversial. We hypothesized that genetic variants that influence subcutaneous fat mass would modulate lipid and glucose metabolism and have interactions with lifestyles in Korean middle-aged adults with high visceral fat. Materials and methods Subcutaneous fat mass was categorized by dividing the average of subscapular skin-fold thickness by BMI and its cutoff point was 1.2. Waist circumferences were used for representing visceral fat mass with Asian cutoff points. GWAS of subjects aged 40–65 years with high visceral fat (n = 3303) were conducted and the best gene-gene interactions from the genetic variants related to subcutaneous fat were selected and explored using the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated by weighted GRS that was divided into low, medium and high groups. Results Subjects with high subcutaneous fat did not have dyslipidemia compared with those with low subcutaneous fat, although both subject groups had similar amounts of total fat. The best model to influence subcutaneous fat included IL17A_rs4711998, ADCY2_rs326149, ESRRG_rs4846514, CYFIP2_rs733730, TCF7L2_rs7917983, ZNF766_rs41497444 and TGFBR3_rs7526590. The odds ratio (OR) for increasing subcutaneous fat was higher by 2.232 folds in the high-GRS group, after adjusting for covariates. However, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and C-reactive protein concentrations in the circulation were not associated with GRS. Subjects with high-GRS had higher serum HDL cholesterol levels than those with low-GRS. Physical activity and GRS had an interaction with subcutaneous fat. In subjects with low physical activity, the odds ratio for high subcutaneous fat increased by 2.232, but subcutaneous fat deposition was not affected in the high-GRS group with high physical activity. Conclusion Obese adults with high-GRS had more subcutaneous fat, but they did not show more dyslipidemia and inflammation compared to low-GRS. High physical activity prevented subcutaneous fat deposition in subjects with high GRS for subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals Detailed 3-dimensional body shape features predict body composition, blood metabolites, and functional strength: the Shape Up! studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett K Ng ◽  
Markus J Sommer ◽  
Michael C Wong ◽  
Ian Pagano ◽  
Yilin Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Body Composition

ABSTRACT Background Three-dimensional optical (3DO) body scanning has been proposed for automatic anthropometry. However, conventional measurements fail to capture detailed body shape. More sophisticated shape features could better indicate health status. Objectives The objectives were to predict DXA total and regional body composition, serum lipid and diabetes markers, and functional strength from 3DO body scans using statistical shape modeling. Methods Healthy adults underwent whole-body 3DO and DXA scans, blood tests, and strength assessments in the Shape Up! Adults cross-sectional observational study. Principal component analysis was performed on registered 3DO scans. Stepwise linear regressions were performed to estimate body composition, serum biomarkers, and strength using 3DO principal components (PCs). 3DO model accuracy was compared with simple anthropometric models and precision was compared with DXA. Results This analysis included 407 subjects. Eleven PCs for each sex captured 95% of body shape variance. 3DO body composition accuracy to DXA was: fat mass R2 = 0.88 male, 0.93 female; visceral fat mass R2 = 0.67 male, 0.75 female. 3DO body fat test-retest precision was: root mean squared error = 0.81 kg male, 0.66 kg female. 3DO visceral fat was as precise (%CV = 7.4 for males, 6.8 for females) as DXA (%CV = 6.8 for males, 7.4 for females). Multiple 3DO PCs were significantly correlated with serum HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR, independent of simple anthropometrics. 3DO PCs improved prediction of isometric knee strength (combined model R2 = 0.67 male, 0.59 female; anthropometrics-only model R2 = 0.34 male, 0.24 female). Conclusions 3DO body shape PCs predict body composition with good accuracy and precision comparable to existing methods. 3DO PCs improve prediction of serum lipid and diabetes markers, and functional strength measurements. The safety and accessibility of 3DO scanning make it appropriate for monitoring individual body composition, and metabolic health and functional strength in epidemiological settings. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03637855.

scholarly journals Identification of lifestyle patterns associated with obesity and fat mass in children: the Healthy Growth Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 614-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Moschonis ◽  
Andriana C Kalliora ◽  
Vassiliki Costarelli ◽  
Christopher Papandreou ◽  
Dimitris Koutoukidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
Fourth Quartile ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate possible associations of lifestyle patterns with obesity and fat mass in children.DesignCross-sectional epidemiological study. Principal component analysis was used to identify lifestyle patterns.SettingPrimary schools from four regions in Greece.SubjectsA total of 2073 schoolchildren (aged 9–13 years).ResultsChildren in the fourth quartile of the lifestyle pattern combining higher dairy foods with more adequate breakfast consumption were 39·4 %, 45·2 % and 32·2 % less likely to be overweight/obese and in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses and fat mass, respectively, than children in the first quartile of this pattern. Similarly, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern comprising consumption of high-fibre foods, such as fruits, vegetables and wholegrain products, were 27·4 % less likely to be in the highest quartile of sum of skinfold thicknesses than children in the first lifestyle pattern quartile. Finally, children in the fourth quartile of a lifestyle pattern characterized by more time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and more frequent meals were 38·0 %, 26·3 % and 29·5 % less likely to be overweight, centrally obese and in the highest quartile of fat mass, respectively, than their peers in the first quartile of this lifestyle pattern (allP< 0·05).ConclusionsThe current study identified three lifestyle patterns (i.e. one pattern comprising higher dairy consumption with a more adequate breakfast; a second pattern characterized by increased consumption of high-fibre foods; and a third pattern combining higher physical activity levels with more frequent meals), which were all related with lower odds of obesity and/or increased fat mass levels. From a public health perspective, promotion of these patterns among children and their families should be considered as one of the components of any childhood obesity preventive initiative.

scholarly journals Analysis of Motivational Climate, Emotional Intelligence, and Healthy Habits in Physical Education Teachers of the Future Using Structural Equations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel González-Valero ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Ramón Chacón-Cuberos ◽  
Pilar Puertas-Molero
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Motivational Climate ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study developed a Structural Equation Model (SEM) in order to identify the associations between motivational climate, emotional intelligence, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), Physical Activity (PA), and some health indicators in a sample of future teachers. A non-experimental and cross-sectional study was carried in 775 university students (22.22 ± 3.76), using as main scales the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2), Emotional Intelligence Inventory adapted for the sport context, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), 20 meter Shuttle Run Test (20mSRT), and percentage of lean and fat mass as calculated by the Tanita TBF300®® (Tanita-Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) electronic scale. The results showed a positive association between emotional intelligence and task climate, whereas the relationship with an ego climate was low. Ego-oriented climate was positively related to MD and high levels of PA. Emotional intelligence was directly related to higher levels of PA and the level of adherence to MD. PA was negatively associated with fat mass and positively with lean mass and VO2MAX. Task-oriented motivational climate showed a positive relation with the emotional intelligence of young people. Ego-oriented motivational climates were related to higher rates of physical-sport engagement and better diet quality.

scholarly journals Ecological study of playground space and physical activity among primary school children

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e034586
Author(s):  
Anne C Grunseit ◽  
Blythe Jane O'Hara ◽  
Bradley Drayton ◽  
Vincent Learnihan ◽  
Louise L Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predicted Probability

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between school playground size and total physical activity (PA), fitness and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of primary school students.DesignCross-sectional ecological analysis.Setting43 primary schools in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsData were from 5238 students, aged 5 to 12 years, participating in the Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey.Outcome measuresSelf (for age ≥11 years) and parent (for age <11 years) report of PA (meeting PA recommendations and number of days meeting recommendations), objectively measured FMS and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness.ResultsAssociations between playground space and measures of PA and fitness were mostly non-linear and moderated by loose equipment. Students in schools with no loose equipment showed a weak association between space and meeting PA recommendations (self-report). In schools with equipment, students’ predicted probability of meeting PA recommendations increased sharply between 15 m2 and 25 m2 per student from 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.08) to 0.30 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.46), but at 30 m2 returned to levels comparable to students in schools with no equipment (0.18, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.28). For cardiorespiratory fitness, in schools with no loose equipment, probabilities for being in the healthy cardiovascular fitness zone varied between 0.66 and 0.77, showing no consistent trend. Students in schools with loose equipment had a predicted probability of being in the healthy fitness zone of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.71) at 15 m2 per student, which rose to 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86) at 20 m2 per student. There was no relationship between space and FMS.ConclusionsSchool space guidelines need to incorporate sufficient playground space for students. Our study provides evidence supporting better PA outcomes with increasing space up to 25 m2 per student, and access to loose equipment, however further research is required to determine precise thresholds for minimum space. Intersectoral planning and cooperation is required to meet the needs of growing school populations.

scholarly journals Early nutrition transition in Haiti: linking food purchasing and availability to overweight status in school-aged children

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3378-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra B Morshed ◽  
Haley V Becker ◽  
Jacques Raymond Delnatus ◽  
Patricia B Wolff ◽  
Lora L Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Overweight Status ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Child Age

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim was to examine the association of socio-economic factors and diet with overweight (including obesity) among school-aged children in Haiti. The secondary aim was to describe food availability and the physical activity built environment in participating schools.DesignThis cross-sectional study examined baseline data from the intervention Mamba study assessing the effectiveness of a fortified peanut butter paste in school-aged children. Logistic regression modelling was used to test hypothesized factors in association with overweight status.SettingSix primary schools in Cap-Haitien, the second largest city in Haiti.SubjectsChildren (n 968) aged 3–13 years, in good health and enrolled in a participating school for the 2012/13 school year.ResultsChild age (adjusted OR (AOR); 95 % CI=0·25; 0·12, 0·56), child age squared (1·08; 1·03, 1·13), always purchasing food at school (3·52; 1·12, 11·08), mother’s BMI (1·10; 1·04, 1·16) and household ownership of a bicycle (0·28; 0·11, 0·71) were significantly associated with overweight (likelihood ratio=36, P<0·0001). Consumption of fish was significantly lower in overweight children in the binary analysis (P=0·033) and improved the fit of the model. Schools had limited time and space for physical activity and foods sold by vendors were predominantly high in sugar or fat.ConclusionsTo our knowledge the present study is the first to examine the covariates of childhood overweight or describe school food availability and physical activity built environments in Haiti. Further research is necessary to identify intervention targets and feasible, cost-effective approaches for prevention of obesity in Haiti children.

scholarly journals Association of total body and visceral fat mass with iron deficiency in preadolescents: the Healthy Growth Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Moschonis ◽  
George P. Chrousos ◽  
Christos Lionis ◽  
Vassilis Mougios ◽  
Yannis Manios
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
Total Body

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of obesity, percentage body fat and visceral fat mass with body Fe status in a representative sample of 1493 schoolchildren aged 9–13 years. Anthropometric, body composition, biochemical, clinical (Tanner stage, age of menarche) and dietary intake data were collected. Fe deficiency (ID) was defined as transferrin saturation (TS) < 16 %; and Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA) as ID with Hb < 120 g/l. Obese boys and girls and those in the highest quartiles of percentage body fat mass had significantly higher levels of serum ferritin (P ≤ 0·05) compared to their normal-weight peers and those in the corresponding lowest quartiles. Similarly, obese boys and girls and those in the highest quartiles of percentage body fat and visceral fat mass had significantly lower levels of TS (P ≤ 0·05) compared to normal-weight children and those in the corresponding lowest quartiles. The prevalence of ID and IDA was significantly higher in boys and girls in the highest quartiles of percentage body fat than in peers in the lowest quartile. Higher quartiles of percentage body fat and visceral fat mass were the main significant predictors of ID in boys, after controlling for other important confounders, with OR of 2·48 (95 % CI, 1·26, 4·88) and 2·12 (95 % CI, 1·07, 4·19), respectively. Similar significant associations were observed for girls. In conclusion, percentage body fat and visceral fat mass were positively associated with ID in both sexes of preadolescents. These associations might be attributed to the chronic inflammation induced by excess adiposity.

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