Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

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Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2019.823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sokhna Thiam ◽

Guéladio Cissé ◽

Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽

Aminata Niang-Diène ◽

Jürg Utzinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Varying Coefficients ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Conditional Autoregressive ◽

Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

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Identification of socio-demographic factors and the causes of poor adherances of urban DOTS in Biratnagar

SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS ◽

10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3957 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

V Kattel ◽

R Rizal ◽

D Katwal ◽

S Subedi ◽

G Kattel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Side Effects ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Compliance ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Severe Degree

Background : TB is a major public health problem. Though Investigation and chemotherapy is free of cost we are still facing poor compliance and severe degree of disease among the poorly treated ones. We have tried to explore into reasons behind it. Methodology : It was a retrospective cross- sectional study done at Biratnagar Sub-metro Politian City. Result : People accept DOTS. They visit as early as they are referred but are diagnosed lately. They have multiple reasons to quit the treatment before completion. Conclusion : We found that early diagnosis and proper counselling about the need of prolonged regime of treatment and its side effects are important factors in preventing transmission and poor compliance. Keywords: TB; DOTS; HIV; BPKIHS; cases; defaulters DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3957SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 13-18

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Awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6189 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos J. Toro-Huamanchumo ◽

Sara J. Burgos-Muñoz ◽

Luz M. Vargas-Tineo ◽

Jhosuny Perez-Fernandez ◽

Otto W. Vargas-Tineo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Northern Coast ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Preventable Risk Factor

Background Skin cancer incidence has increased over the last years, becoming a major public health problem. Objective To describe the awareness, behavior and attitudes concerning sun exposure among beachgoers in the northern coast of Peru. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in the Pimentel beach, Peru. The “Beach Questionnaire” was used and we surveyed all the beachgoers from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. and from March 5 to March 19. For the statistical analysis, sun exposure habits, sunburns history, knowledge, attitudes and practices were crossed with sex using the chi2 test. Results We surveyed 410 beachgoers, the most frequent phototype was type III (40.5%). Only the 13.66% of the respondents correctly answered the seven knowledge questions related to sun exposure and skin cancer. Men more frequently agreed that “when they are tanned their clothes looks nicer” (p = 0.048). Likewise, regarding the questions “Sunbathing is relaxing” and “Sunbathing improves my mood”, men agreed or totally agreed with more frequency than women (63.64% vs. 46.15%, p < 0.001; and 61.36% vs 49.15%, p = 0.014, respectively). Regarding sun protection practices, women more frequently used sunshade (p = 0.001) and sunscreen (SPF ≥ 15) (p < 0.001) when compared to the male group. Conclusion Sun exposure is a potentially preventable risk factor for skin cancer. Thus, awareness of the risks of UVR overexposure and adequate sun-protective behaviors and attitudes are essential. Our results, however, are not as favorable as expected. Public health efforts should encourage sun-safety precautions and intervention campaigns should be carried out in recreational settings, such as the beaches.

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Characterization ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Humans and Cattle in Namwala District, Zambia

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2014/187842 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Sydney Malama ◽

Tone Bjordal Johansen ◽

John Bwalya Muma ◽

Musso Munyeme ◽

Grace Mbulo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Infected Cattle ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Zambia. While human to human transmission ofMycobacterium tuberculosisis of major importance in driving the tuberculosis epidemic, the impact ofMycobacterium bovistransmission from infected cattle is largely unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed at molecular characterization ofM. bovisin humans and cattle. A total of 100 human sputum samples and 67 bovine tissues were collected and analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. Of 65 human samples that harbored acid fast bacteria (AFB), 55 isolates were obtained of which 34 were identified asM. tuberculosisand 2 asM. bovis. AFB-positive bovine samples (n=67) yielded 47 mycobacterial isolates among which 25 were identified asM. bovisand noM. tuberculosiswas found. Among theM. bovisisolates, spoligotyping revealed a high homogeneity in genotypes circulating in Namwala district. Human and cattle isolates shared identical MIRU-VNTR genotypes, suggesting that transmission between the two hosts may occur. Therefore, this study has documented zoonotic TB in human patients in Namwala district of Zambia. However, further molecular epidemiological studies in the study area are recommended.

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Factors Associated with Stroke: Evidence from Indonesian Family Life Surveys 2015

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.01.34 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Trisakti Halimah Delimasari ◽

◽

Vitri Widyaningsih ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cholesterol Level ◽

Family Life ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Central Java

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people in both developed and developing countries. In Indonesia stroke prevalence in 2013 rose from 7% to 10.9%.The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with stroke using the Indonesian family live survey 5 (IFLS-5) year 2015. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study. A sample of 34,250 study subject aged ≥18 years old was selected for this study. The dependent variable was stroke. The independent variables were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, cholesterol level, and diabetes mellitus. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: The risk of stroke increased with age ≥40 years old (OR= 5.09; 95%CI= 3.13 to 8.26; p= 0.001), male (OR= 1.86; 95%CI= 1.36 to 2.52; p= 0.001), hypertension (OR= 8.71; 95%CI= 6.09 to 12,46; p= 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR= 1.89; 95%CI= 1.22 to 2.95; p= 0.004), and cholesterol level (OR= 3.42; 95%CI= 2.35 to 4.99; p= 0.001). The risk of stroke decreased with normal BMI (OR= 0.75; 95%CI= 0.58 to 0.96; p= 0.026). Conclusion: The risk of stroke increases with age ≥40 years old, male, hypertension, cholesterol level, and diabetes mellitus. The risk of stroke decreases with normal BMI. Keywords: stroke, Indonesian family life survey 5 Correspondence: Trisakti Halimah Delimasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile:+6285293994629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.34

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Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in some endemically afflicted villages of district Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v5i2.342 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 406-410

Author(s):

Sunil Arya ◽

Sehrish Gazal ◽

Anil K. Raina

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Health Assessment ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Health Significance

A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of three villages of Doda district, J&K. A total of 391 individuals (202 males and 189 females) were examined from 60 households by house to house survey for recording the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis by using Dean’s Index (1942) along with WHO health assessment form (1997b) and Community fluorosis Index. Of the total studied population 299 (76.47%) have found to be affected with various grades of dental fluorosis with moderate (33.5%) level of fluorosis to be the most frequent category observed. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was more in males (86.61%) than females (63.49%). No significant relation (P>0.05) between prevalence of dental fluorosis to the socioeconomic status was found. Community fluorosis Index was found to be 2.05 which denotes “marked” category of public health significance. High prevalence and high community fluorosis Index suggest that fluorosis is a major public health problem in the area.

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Prevalence of Malaria and Its Associated Factors Among Malaria Suspected Patients Attending at Hamusite Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia, a Cross Sectional Study, 2020

10.21203/rs.3.rs-146195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Getu Abeje Negatu ◽

Getaneh Alemu Abebe ◽

Woyneshet Gelaye Yalew

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Health Problem ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is a major public health problem which still results in illness and death. Despite efforts to reduce the mortality and morbidity of malaria, the disease is still a prominent health problem in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among symptomatic patients in northwest Ethiopia.MethodA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 among 210 febrile patients attending at Hamusite health center, northwest Ethiopia. Thin and thick blood films were prepared from blood collected by finger puncture and from capillary blood buffy coat. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.ResultsOut of 210 malaria suspected participants, 61 (29.0%) were confirmed to be infected by Plasmodium species. Plasmodium falciparum mono-infection was detected in 41 (19.5%) participants while P.vivax mono-infection and mixed infections were detected in 10 (4.3%) participants each. Female participant and those having family members with history of malaria were at higher risk of acquiring Plasmodium infectionConclusionThe present study revealed that malaria continued to be the major public health problem in the study area. Therefore, community mobilization should be strengthening in order to improve implementation of malaria control activities.

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Undertreated Hypertension and its Implications for Public Health in Nepal: Nationwide Population-Based Survey

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v13i1.13744 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R Koju ◽

K Manandhar ◽

A Risal ◽

TJ Steiner ◽

A Holen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antihypertensive Therapy ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Hypertension (HTN), a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), is a substantial global public health problem. Occasional studies indicate a high prevalence of HTN in the Nepalese population, but no nationwide population-based data exist so far. We opportunistically used a survey of major disorders of the brain in Nepal to measure blood pressure (BP) in participants selected randomly from the adult general population.Objective To establish the prevalence of elevated BP (eBP), and factors associated with it, regardless of any antihypertensive therapy being taken. We took this to be indicative of unmet health-care need.Method This was a cross-sectional study, conducted by unannounced household visits, employing multistage random cluster sampling. To achieve representativeness, 15 districts out of 75 in the country were investigated: one district from each of the three physiographic divisions in each of the five development regions of Nepal. One adult aged 18-65 years was selected from each household and interviewed by structured questionnaire. BP was recorded in a standardised manner by digital device (Microlife 3BM1-3®).Result From 2,109 eligible households, 2,100 adults (99.6%) participated. The prevalence of eBP (>140/90 mmHg on ?2 readings) was found to be 15.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed significant and independent associations with demographic variables (higher age, male gender), with life-style factors (daily alcohol consumption, BMI ?25), and with living at high altitude (?2000 m).Conclusion In the context of the survey we could not collect data on antihypertensive therapy being taken but, clearly, whatever this might have been, it was failing to meet treatment needs. Almost one in six adults met criteria for hypertension, carrying risk implications for CVDs and their substantial public-health consequences. Two remediable associated factors were identified, although in a cross-sectional survey we could not prove causation.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.13(1) 2015; 3-7

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Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3359

Author(s):

Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽

Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽

Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽

María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽

Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Informed Consent ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia among Muslim Students, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211013476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110134

Author(s):

Chutima Rattanawan ◽

Suraiya Cheloh ◽

Asma Maimahad ◽

Malatee Tayeh

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Economic Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia

Anemia is a global public health problem. The prevalence of anemia among different ages, genders or ethnic groups must be clarified in order to solve problems. This study proposed to determine the prevalence and factors related to anemia among the Muslim school-age population in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected by a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from 200 school-age subjects. The thalassemia screening was performed with KKU-OF and KKU-DCIP reagents. The prevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5%, divided into males and females, 33.3% and 39.1%, respectively. The means of Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the anemic group were significantly lower. The positive results for KKU-OF or KKU-DCIP or both were 15.0%, 2.5%, and 1.0%, respectively. The result of positive OF test was a significantly independent factor for anemia. The number of family members was 5 to 7 and more than 7 persons are related factors for anemia in this study. In summary, the contribution of thalassemia and socio-economic factor are associated factors to anemia in this population. These findings should be addressed in public health strategies for the control of anemia of school-aged Muslims in the region.

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