scholarly journals Bayesian conditional autoregressive models to assess spatial patterns of diarrhoea risk among children under the age of 5 years in Mbour, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sokhna Thiam ◽  
Guéladio Cissé ◽  
Anna-Sofie Stensgaard ◽  
Aminata Niang-Diène ◽  
Jürg Utzinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Varying Coefficients ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Conditional Autoregressive ◽  
Diarrhoeal Diseases

Diarrhoeal diseases remain a major public health problem, causing more than half a million child deaths every year, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite existing knowledge on the aetiologies and causes of diarrhoeal diseases, relatively little is known about its spatial patterns in LMICs, including Senegal. In the present study, data from a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2016 were analysed to describe the spatial pattern of diarrhoeal prevalence in children under the age of 5 years in the secondary city of Mbour in the south-western part of Senegal. Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) models with spatially varying coefficients were employed to determine the effect of sociodemographic, economic and climate parameters on diarrhoeal prevalence. We observed substantial spatial heterogeneities in diarrhoea prevalence. Risk maps, stratified by age group, showed that diarrhoeal prevalence was higher in children aged 25-59 months compared to their younger counterparts with the highest risk observed in the north and south peripheral neighbourhoods, especially in Grand Mbour, Médine, Liberté and Zone Sonatel. The posterior relative risk estimate obtained from the Bayesian CAR model indicated that a unit increase in the proportion of people with untreated stored drinking water was associated with a 29% higher risk of diarrhoea. A unit increase in rainfall was also associated with an increase in diarrhoea risk. Our findings suggest that public health officials should integrate disease mapping and cluster analyses and consider the varying effects of sociodemographic factors in developing and implementing areaspecific interventions for reducing diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of food insecurity among Lebanese households with children aged 4–18 years: findings from a national cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Jomaa ◽  
Farah Naja ◽  
Samer Kharroubi ◽  
Nahla Hwalla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Households With Children

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity (FI) is a major public health problem in Lebanon, a small middle-income country with the highest refugee per capita concentration worldwide and prolonged political and economic challenges. The present study aimed to measure the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of household FI and to explore the association of household FI with anthropometric measures of children and their mothers.DesignCross-sectional survey (2014–2015).SettingLebanon.ParticipantsNationally representative sample of Lebanese households with 4–18-year-old-children and their mothers (n1204).ResultsFI prevalence (95 % CI), measured using the Arabic-translated, validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, was found to be 49·3 (44·0, 54·6) % in the study sample. Mild, moderate and severe FI were found in 7·0 (5·5, 9·2) %, 23·3 (20·1, 26·8) % and 18·9 (14·9, 23·5) % of households, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that low maternal and paternal education, unemployment and crowding were significant correlates of household FI (P<0·05). No significant associations were observed between FI and anthropometric measures of children and their mothers, after adjusting for other socio-economic correlates. Food-insecure households reported various mechanisms to cope with food shortage, such as reducing the number of meals/d (49·6 %), borrowing food (54·4 %), spending savings (34·5 %) and withdrawing children from schools (8·0 %).ConclusionsFI exists among a remarkable proportion of Lebanese households with children. Correlates of household FI should be considered when designing social welfare policies and public health programmes to promote more sustainable, resilient and healthier livelihoods among vulnerable individuals.

scholarly journals Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
F. El Sahn ◽  
S. Sallam ◽  
A. Mandif ◽  
O. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

scholarly journals Assessment of Public Health Units’ Capacity to Manage Under-Five Malnutrition: A Case Study of Kamuli District, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Benon Musasizi ◽  
Elizabeth Ekirapa Kiracho ◽  
Saul Kamukama ◽  
Geoffrey Babughirana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five

Malnutrition is a major public-health problem throughout the developing world and is an underlying factor in over 50% of the 10-11 million children under 5 years of age who die each year of preventable causes. Uganda loses US$310 million worth of productivity per year due to the high levels of stunting, iodine-deficiency disorders, iron deficiency, low birth weight, and malnutrition contributes to a loss of about 4.1% of the gross domestic product per year. This paper provides the findings of an assessment conducted in Kamuli district to determine the capacity of public health units to manage under-five malnutrition focusing on the six building blocks of the health system. This was a descriptive cross sectional study that employed both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, analysis and presentation. This involved interviewing health workers using a semi structured questionnaire and checklist for health facilities. Supplement qualitative data was collected using key informant interviews (KIIs). Results indicate that the capacity of health facilities to manage under-five malnutrition in Kamuli district was found to be low at 36.6% only. Capacity of health facilities was based on; Nutrition leadership and human resource development, health worker knowledge, availability of equipment and supplies, physical infrastructure, availability of infant and young child nutrition policy guidelines and planning and budgeting at health facility level.

scholarly journals Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Tangail, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1838
Author(s):  
Masuder Rahman ◽  
Sakila Akter ◽  
Fatama Tous Zohora ◽  
Abu Zaffar Shibly
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a major public health problem throughout the world. In Bangladesh, the reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present due to lack of national population-based surveys or central administrative health data. Given the rising incidence of CVDs in Bangladesh, an improved understanding of the CVD, symptoms and risk factors is needed. Hence, this study was performed to assess the level of knowledge towards CVD types, warning symptoms of heart attack or stroke, and CVD risk factors.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 using standard questionnaire on a sample of 350 randomly selected Bangladeshi individuals. All the data of the study were input in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0 software from IBM for windows and the gathered data thus analyzed using SPSS & Microsoft Excel.Results: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).Conclusions: The respondents’ knowledge about types of CVD, symptom heart attack, symptom of stroke and the risk factors of CVD are 38.9%, 67.7%, 35.7%, and 92.9% respectively. The most common risk factors of CVD found to be known by around than two-third of respondents were unhealthy diet (66.9%), physical inactivity (64.3), obesity (61.4%), and smoking (58.6%).

scholarly journals Gangguan Kepadatan Tulang pada Orang Dewasa di Daerah Urban dan Rural

2014 ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Sarah Mardiyah ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Bone

Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia). Analisis multivariat menemukan responden yang mempunyai indeks massa tubuh (IMT) < 23,49 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 5,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden dengan IMT > 27,36 kg/m2. Responden yang mempunyai IMT 23,49 _ 27,36 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 2,2 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden yang mempunyai IMT > 27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Semakin rendah IMT,maka semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang.Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major public health problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to find out factors related to adult bone density disorder in the selected urban and rural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method and the samples were 142 respondents. The data was taken from 2012 May to June in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the urban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this study was 31.7% (4.2% osteoporosis and 27.5% osteopenia). Multivariate analysis verified that respondent with body mass index (BMI) < 23.49 kg/m2 will 5.5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2. Respondent with BMI 23.49 _ 27.36 kg/m2 will 2.2 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2 after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. In this study, BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk of bone density disorder.      

scholarly journals Ownership and Utilisation of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tiko Health District, Southwest Region, Cameroon: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paulette Ngum Fru ◽  
Frederick Nchang Cho ◽  
Andrew N. Tassang ◽  
Celestina Neh Fru ◽  
Peter Nde Fon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health District ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets

Introduction. Malaria is and remains a serious health concern in Africa. In Cameroon, where malaria is endemic and a major public health problem, the major control measure put in place is the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). In the Tiko Health District (THD), the challenges have been to assess and to evaluate the ownership and utilisation of LLINs. This study sought to assess the ownership and utilisation rates of LLINs in the THD. Methodology. A cross-sectional survey involving 418 households was conducted in four health areas in the THD. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on LLIN ownership and utilisation as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Results. The ownership of at least one LLIN per household, coverage, and accessibility were, respectively, 89%, 56.2%, and 66.3%, while installing LLINs on all beds in the household, sleeping under LLINs the previous night (SULPN), and universal utilisation were 72%, 24.9%, and 14.1%, respectively. Factors significantly associated with the ownership of at least one LLIN per household were respondent’s age and gender. Heat (21.1%) and forgetfulness (6.5%) were the main reasons postulated for irregular utilisation of LLINs. Conclusion. The ownership LLINs failed to guarantee utilisation and definitely effective control of malaria in the THD, as expected. Continuous and appropriate use of LLINs is indispensable, in addition to periodic sanitation, booster campaigns of LLIN distribution, and evaluation research for effective prevention and control of malaria.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF UNDER 5 YEARS CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Hira Ejaz ◽  
Nirmal Walicha ◽  
Saba Rizwan ◽  
Sadaf Javeria ◽  
Sana Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Family System ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major public health problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. The objectives of the study were to determine the determinants of nutritional status of under 5 years children in our population. Materials & Methods: This analytical cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Public Health, Islamabad, Federal College, Islamabad, from November 2016 to March 2017. Sample size was 200 selected by convenient sampling. Demographic variables were sex, age-groups, socio-economics status, family structure. Research variable was nutritional status. The data collection was done in urban slums of Islamabad on a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software. Results: Out of 200 children, 117(58.5%) were boys and 83(41.5 %) were girls. One hundred (50%) children were of 6 to 24 months and 100(50%) were of 25 to 59 months of age. Eighty three (41.5%) were rich and 117(58.5%) were poor. One hundred and fifty eight (79%) children were from joint family system and 42(21%) were living in nuclear family system were children. One hundred and fifty one (75.50%) were normal, 39(19.50%) were mild and 10(5%) were having severe malnutrition. Conclusion: Except age all the other factors including sex, socio-economics status and family structure were associated with nutritional status of under 5 year children.

scholarly journals Patient safety awareness among 309 surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arinze Duke George Nwosu ◽  
Fidelis Anayo Onyekwulu ◽  
Elias Chikee Aniwada
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Wrong Site Surgery ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Wrong Site

Abstract Background Adverse healthcare events are major public health problem with the heaviest burden in the low and middle-income countries. Patient safety awareness among healthcare professionals is known to impact this outcome; thus we set out to appraise the patient safety awareness among surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria. Methods A multi-institutional cross-sectional survey was carried out among surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria and data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for scientific solutions (SPSS) version 20 software. Results A total of 309 surgeons were surveyed. Majority of the surgeons (51.9%) had poor perception of patient safety issues. One hundred and twenty respondents (38.8%) have awareness of any institutional protocol for preventing wrong-site surgery while only 35 respondents (11.3%) regularly practiced an institutional protocol for preventing wrong-site surgery. The professional status of the surgeons and years in service showed significant association with perception of patient safety issues. Conclusion The patient safety awareness and practice among the surgeons in Enugu, Nigeria is apparently low and this was found to be influenced by the professional status and years in service of the surgeon.

scholarly journals Food behaviors and youth obesity in Pakistan - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.11885

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjum Hashmi ◽  
Jamil Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Khalid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

The epidemic of obesity took off from about 1980 and in almost all countries has been rising inexorably ever since. Only in 1997 did world health organization accept that this was a major public health problem. It is also becoming an important public health problem among Pakistani children due to changes in life style and other factors. The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity and its concomitant health risks justify widespread efforts toward prevention. A Cross-sectional study was conducted to elaborate the various types of foods and change in eating behavior leading to abnormal weight gain among the youth. A total of 504 male and female students of class six to ten were selected through simple random sampling. Anthropometric measurements were done with calibrated instruments using the age and sex specific BMI cut off points according to World Health Organization growth reference. Results showed significant proportion of girls (86%) and boys (85%) had abnormal waist to hip ratio. The determinants of the obesity lie within the rapid changes in food intake behavior and lifestyle patterns which had a clear and significant impact on the prevalence of obesity in youth of Pakistan.

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