scholarly journals Dietary and circulating vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene and risk of total cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1872-1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Ali Rashidy-Pour ◽  
Mohammad Parohan ◽  
Mahdieh Sadat Zargar ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to quantify the association of dietary intake and circulating concentration of major dietary antioxidants with risk of total CVD mortality.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingSystematic search in PubMed and Scopus, up to October 2017.ParticipantsProspective observational studies reporting risk estimates of CVD mortality across three or more categories of dietary intakes and/or circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsA total of fifteen prospective cohort studies and three prospective evaluations within interventional studies (320 548 participants and 16 974 cases) were analysed. The relative risks of CVD mortality for the highest v. the lowest category of antioxidant intakes were as follows: vitamin C, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·89; I2=46 %, n 10); vitamin E, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·03; I2=51 %, n 8); β-carotene, 0·89 (95 % CI 0·73, 1·05; I2=34 %, n 4). The relative risks for circulating concentrations were: vitamin C, 0·60 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·78; I2=65 %, n 6); α-tocopherol, 0·82 (95 % CI 0·76, 0·88; I2=0 %, n 5); β-carotene, 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·83; I2=50 %, n 6). Dose–response meta-analyses demonstrated that the circulating biomarkers of antioxidants were more strongly associated with risk of CVD mortality than dietary intakes.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis demonstrates that higher vitamin C intake and higher circulating concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene are associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality.

scholarly journals Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Chang-Rui Wu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Reduced Risk

ABSTRACT Background Existing studies suggest that dietary vitamins and carotenoids might be associated with a reduced risk of age-related cataract (ARC), although a quantitative summary of these associations is lacking. Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies of dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and ARC risk. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to June 2018. The adjusted RRs and corresponding 95% CIs for the associations of interest in each study were extracted to calculate pooled estimates. Dose-response relations were assessed with the use of generalized least-squares trend estimation. Results We included 8 RCTs and 12 cohort studies in the meta-analysis. Most vitamins and carotenoids were significantly associated with reduced risk of ARC in the cohort studies, including vitamin A (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.92; P = 0.001), vitamin C (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.88; P < 0.001), vitamin E (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.00; P = 0.049), β-carotene (RR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99; P = 0.023), and lutein or zeaxanthin (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.89; P < 0.001). In RCTs, vitamin E (RR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.03; P = 0.262) or β-carotene (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.07; P = 0.820) intervention did not reduce the risk of ARC significantly compared with the placebo group. Further dose-response analysis indicated that in cohort studies the risk of ARC significantly decreased by 26% for every 10-mg/d increase in lutein or zeaxanthin intake (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80; P < 0.001), by 18% for each 500-mg/d increase in vitamin C intake (RR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.91; P < 0.001), by 8% for each 5-mg/d increase in β-carotene intake (RR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.96; P < 0.001), and by 6% for every 5 mg/d increase in vitamin A intake (RR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98; P < 0.001). Conclusions Higher consumption of certain vitamins and carotenoids was associated with a significant decreased risk of ARC in cohort studies, but evidence from RCTs is less clear.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Chen ◽  
Qingshu Li ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Wenrong Yang ◽  
Fei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Fish consumption and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1297-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽  
Saragol Eimeri ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Asian Studies ◽  
Linear Dose ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

AbstractObjectiveThere are some indications of regional differences in the association between fish consumption and clinical outcomes. We aimed to test the linear and potential non-linear dose–response relationships between fish consumption and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, and possible confounding by region.DesignSystematic review and dose–response meta-analysis.SettingSystematic search using PubMed and Scopus, from inception up to September 2016.SubjectsProspective observational studies reporting the estimates of all-cause and CVD mortality in relation to three or more categories of fish intake were included. Random-effects dose–response meta-analysis was conducted.ResultsFourteen prospective cohort studies (ten publications) with 911 348 participants and 75 451 incident deaths were included. A 20 g/d increment in fish consumption was significantly and inversely associated with the risk of CVD mortality (relative risk=0·96; 95 % CI 0·94, 0·98; I2=0 %, n 8) and marginally and inversely associated with the risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk=0·98; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·00; I2=81·9 %, n 14). Subgroup analysis resulted in a significant association only in the subgroup of Asian studies, compared with Western studies, in both analyses. Analysis of Western studies suggested a nearly U-shaped association, with a nadir at fish consumption of ~20 g/d in analysis of both outcomes. Meanwhile, the associations appeared to be linear in Asian studies.ConclusionsThere was potential evidence of regional differences in the association between fish consumption and mortality. It may be helpful to examine the associations by considering types of fish consumed and methods of fish preparation.

scholarly journals Aspirin and fracture risk: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e026876 ◽  
Author(s):  
A L Barker ◽  
Sze-Ee Soh ◽  
Kerrie M Sanders ◽  
Julie Pasco ◽  
Sundeep Khosla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hip Bmd

ObjectivesThis review provides insights into the potential for aspirin to preserve bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce fracture risk, building knowledge of the risk-benefit profile of aspirin.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of observational studies. Electronic searches of MEDLINE and Embase, and a manual search of bibliographies was undertaken for studies published to 28 March 2018. Studies were included if: participants were men or women aged ≥18 years; the exposure of interest was aspirin; and relative risks, ORs and 95% CIs for the risk of fracture or difference (percentage or absolute) in BMD (measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) between aspirin users and non-users were presented. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists for observational studies. Pooled ORs for any fracture and standardised mean differences (SMDs) for BMD outcomes were calculated using random-effects models.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Aspirin use was associated with a 17% lower odds for any fracture (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99; I2=71%; six studies; n=511 390). Aspirin was associated with a higher total hip BMD for women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.07; I2=0%; three studies; n=9686) and men (SMD 0.06, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.13, I2=0%; two studies; n=4137) although these associations were not significant. Similar results were observed for lumbar spine BMD in women (SMD 0.03, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.09; I2=34%; four studies; n=11 330) and men (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.18; one study; n=432).ConclusionsWhile the benefits of reduced fracture risk and higher BMD from aspirin use may be modest for individuals, if confirmed in prospective controlled trials, they may confer a large population benefit given the common use of aspirin in older people.

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