scholarly journals Ultra-processed food and beverage advertising on Brazilian television by International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support benchmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2657-2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Soares Guimarães ◽  
Laís Amaral Mais ◽  
Fernanda Helena Marrocos Leite ◽  
Paula Martins Horta ◽  
Marina Oliveira Santana ◽  
...  

AbstractObjective:To analyse the extent and nature of food and beverage advertising on the three major Brazilian free-to-air television (TV) channels.Design:Cross-sectional study. A protocol developed for the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-Communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support was applied for data collection. A total of 432 h of TV programming was recorded from 06.00 to 24.00 hours, for eight non-consecutive and randomly selected days, in April 2018. All TV advertisements (ads) were analysed, and food-related ads were classified according to the NOVA classification system. Descriptive analyses were used to describe the number and type of ads, food categories and the distribution of ads throughout the day and time of the day.Setting:The three most popular free-to-air channels on Brazilian TV.Participants:The study did not involve human subjects.Results:In total, 14·2 % (n 1156 out of 7991) of ads were food related (858 were specific food items). Approximately 91 % of food items ads included ultra-processed food (UPF) products. The top three most promoted products were soft drinks, alcoholic beverages and fast-food meals. Alcoholic beverage ads were more frequently broadcast in the evening.Conclusion:The high risk of exposure of the Brazilian population to UPF ads should be considered a public health concern given the impact of unhealthy food advertising on people’s food choices and health.

2020 ◽  
pp. 175791392091495
Author(s):  
S Lago - Peñas ◽  
B Rivera ◽  
D Cantarero ◽  
B Casal ◽  
M Pascual ◽  
...  

Aims: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a primary health concern for most countries around the world. The aim of this research is to analyze the relevant evidence that determines the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) on the incidence and prevalence of NCDs. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify evidence regarding the relationship between income inequalities and NCDs, between 2005 and 2015. The final selection of papers was based on applied studies focusing on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and articles referring to three main groups of chronic diseases: cardiovascular and heart diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Results: A final set of 47 selected studies were fully taken into account in this review. Despite significant heterogeneity in exposure and outcomes measures, overall the evidence suggests that having low SEP increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), lung and breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes. SEP is also associated with multiple NCD risk factors such as smoking and physical inactivity. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status appears to have a significant consistent impact on mortality and morbidity caused by NCDs in OECD countries. Social and economic disadvantages are associated with health inequalities in terms of access to care, increased incident risk of NCDs, and early death. These findings point to the need for public health strategies and research to address socioeconomic status disparity among individuals.


Author(s):  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
◽  
Amborish Nath ◽  
Surbhi Sharma ◽  
Ajit Kumar ◽  
...  

The rapidly evolving health concern for COVID-19 has considerably overshadowed the non-COVID ailments. Ranging from delays in diagnosis and treatment, neglect of mild-moderate diseases resulting into their progression, adverse pregnancy outcomes and many others, an array of the collateral damage of this pandemic is still evolving. We have performed this systematic review about the impact of COVID pandemic on patients suffering from other ailments. Our search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane and Google scholar databases. We included systematic reviews and meta- analysis, and randomized controlled trials, observational studies, case series and case reports to ensure comprehensiveness of our search. We excluded abstract only articles, news articles, the non-scientific commentaries and reports from the review. Primary outcome was assessment of the impact of COVID pandemic on non-COVID diseases and management strategies for tackling the same. This review showed that this crisis has resulted into a significant delay in routine diagnostic procedures and workup with p value < 0.00001 (OR of 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.55). The highest impacts will be seen with preexisting major health priorities like HIV, tuberculosis, malignancy, various non-communicable diseases, reproductive and child health. The chief culprits for this include inadequate supplies of medicines, healthcare staff, diagnostics and other technologies. Expansion of the health care workforce, enhanced health financing and supply chain resilience can help us override this pandemic. Hence, the intersection of COVID-19 with other non- COVID ailments can have drastic effects. To minimize this surplus morbidity and mortality, we need to adopt comprehensive strategies and maintain the momentum even after this pandemic is surpassed. Keywords: COVID-19; neglect; non-COVID; non-communicable diseases; communicable diseases; management.


2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Periklis Charalampous ◽  
Elena Pallari ◽  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Nicos Middleton ◽  
Mary Economou ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for over 90% of all deaths in the Cypriot population, in 2018. However, a detailed and comprehensive overview of the impact of NCDs on population health of Cyprus over the period of 1990 to 2017, expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), is currently not available. Knowledge about the drivers of changes in NCD DALYs over time is paramount to identify priorities for the prevention of NCDs in Cyprus and guide evidence-based decision making. The objectives of this paper were to: 1) assess the burden of NCDs in terms of years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and DALYs in Cyprus in 2017, and 2) identify changes in the burden of NCDs in Cyprus over the 28-year period and assess the main drivers of these changes. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 results on NCDs for Cyprus from 1990 to 2017. We calculated the percentage change of age-standardized DALY rates between 1990 and 2017 and decomposed these time trends to assess the causes of death and disability that were the main drivers of change. Results In Cyprus in 2017, 83% (15,129 DALYs per 100,000; 12,809 to 17,707 95%UI) of total DALYs were due to NCDs. The major contributors to NCD DALYs were cardiovascular diseases (16.5%), neoplasms (16.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (15.6%). Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardized NCD DALY rates decreased by 23%. For both males and females, the largest decreases in DALY rates were observed in ischemic heart disease and stroke. For Cypriot males, the largest increases in DALY rates were observed for pancreatic cancer, drug use disorders, and acne vulgaris, whereas for Cypriot females these were for acne vulgaris, psoriasis and eating disorders. Conclusion Despite a decrease in the burden of NCDs over the period from 1990 to 2017, NCDs are still a major public health challenge. Implementation of interventions and early detection screening programmes of modifiable NCD risk factors are needed to reduce occurrence and exacerbation of leading causes of NCDs in the Cypriot population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Kingsley Udeh ◽  
Candidus Nwakasi ◽  
John Fulton

The increasing incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases is a major global health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the highest percentage of deaths related to non-communicable diseases, and low and middle-income countries (LMIC) face the highest burden of CVDs. Understanding the knowledge and perception of CVDs and their risk factors in an LMIC such as Nigeria may play an important role in cardiovascular health promotion and improvement plans to reduce CVD-related deaths. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of some personal and sociocultural views on CVDs and their risk factors. The participants were purposively sampled primary school teachers in South-Eastern Nigeria. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. The study findings include knowledge of heart disease, perceived causes and risk factors of CVDs, spirituality, and the way forward. Overall, the knowledge of CVDs in the setting was found to be related to the psychosocial nature of the participants; the effectiveness of any intervention needs to take these factors into consideration. For example, health policies for CVD health education and awareness should be tailored to address some of the issues of belief, values, and religion, as mentioned in the study.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. e253-e260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende ◽  
Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia ◽  
Grégore Iven Mielke ◽  
Dong Hoon Lee ◽  
Edward Giovannucci ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Background Studies on the impact of counterfactual scenarios of physical activity on premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are sparse in the literature. We estimated preventable premature deaths from NCDs (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast and colon cancers) in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity (i) to theoretical minimum risk exposure levels; (ii) reaching the physical activity recommendation; (iii) reducing insufficient physical activity by 10%; and (iv) eliminating the gender differences in physical activity. Methods Preventable fractions were estimated using data from a nationally representative survey, relative risks from a meta-analysis and number of premature deaths (30–69 years) from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. Results Physical activity could potentially avoid up to 16 700 premature deaths from NCDs in Brazil, corresponding to 5.75 and 3.23% of premature deaths from major NCDs and of all-causes, respectively. Other scenarios suggested the following impact on premature deaths: reaching physical activity recommendation (5000 or 1.74% of major NCDs); 10% reduction in insufficient physical activity (500 or 0.17% of major NCDs); eliminating gender differences in physical activity (1000 or 0.33% of major NCDs). Conclusions Physical activity may play an important role to reduce premature deaths from NCD in Brazil.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Grosso

Abstract Background modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). Among various risk factors, poor nutrition quality has been identified as a leading determinant of NCD. Methods The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study provided a comprehensive comparative risk assessment (CRA) of risk factor for NCD, quantifying the impact of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. Special focus on nutritional risk factors will be dedicated, discussing the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Results In 2017, over 30 million deaths were attributable to risk factors. When ranked, high systolic blood pressure was the leading risk factor, accounting for more than 10 million deaths, followed by, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. A total of 11 million deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium, low intake of whole grains, and low intake of fruits were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths globally. However, important differences between regions and outcome (i.e., cardiovascular disease vs. cancer) have been registered. Besides the major aforementioned factors, underrated dietary risk factors, such as low calcium intake, have been found important contributors to cancer burden in certain developed countries. Interpretation The combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in NCD at the global level. These data provide a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bano ◽  
L Chaker ◽  
F U S Mattace-Raso ◽  
R P Peeters ◽  
O H Franco

Abstract Background Variations in thyroid function within the reference ranges are associated with an increased risk of diseases and death. However, the impact of thyroid function on life expectancy (LE) and the number of years lived with and without non-communicable diseases (NCD) remains unknown. Purpose We aimed to investigate the association of thyroid function with total LE and LE with and without NCD among euthyroid subjects. Methods Participants of the Rotterdam Study without known thyroid disease and with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within the reference ranges were eligible. NCD were defined as the presence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, or cancer. We used multistate life tables to calculate the total LE and LE with and without NCD among TSH and FT4 tertiles, in men and women. LE estimates were obtained using prevalence, incidence rates and hazard ratios for three transitions (healthy to NCD, healthy to death and NCD to death). Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results The mean (standard deviation) age of 7644 participants was 64.5 (9.7) years and 52.2% were women. Over a median follow-up of 8 years, we observed 1396 incident NCD events and 1422 deaths. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, men and women in the highest TSH tertile lived 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8; 2.3) and 1.5 (95% CI, 0.8; 2.2) years longer, respectively; of which 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5; 2.3) and 1.3 (95% CI, 0.3; 2.1) years with NCD. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, the difference in LE for men and women in the highest FT4 tertile was −3.7 (95% CI, −5.1 to −2.2) and −3.3 (95% CI, −4.7; −1.9), respectively; of which −1.8 (95% CI, −3.1 to −0.7) and −2.0 (95% CI, −3.4 to −0.7) years without NCD. Life expectancy in TSH and FT4 tertiles Conclusions There are meaningful differences in total LE, LE with and without NCD within the reference ranges of thyroid function. People with low-normal thyroid function live more years with and without NCD than those with high-normal thyroid function. These findings support a reevaluation of the current reference ranges of thyroid function.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Rebekah Malik ◽  
Yoanita Widjaja

Increased life expectancy is an advantage but at the same time becomes a condition that can be a source of problems in the health sector, especially non-communicable diseases. Currently non-communicable diseases that are often found are cardiovascular diseases such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, muscle and joint diseases such as arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis, nutritional disorders: obesity or malnutrition. The prevalence of various non-communicable diseases from 2013-2016 strokes increased from 7% to 10.9%; and chronic kidney disease rose from 2% to 3.8%. Based on blood sugar tests, diabetes mellitus rose from 6.9% to 8.5%; and blood pressure measurement results, hypertension rose from 25.8% to 34.1%. The increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases is related to lifestyle, including smoking, consumption of alcoholic beverages, physical activity, and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Problems require comprehensive handling and reach as broad as possible. One form of expansion of service coverage is posbindu. Posbindu in Kelurahan Kembangan Selatan is one of the posbindu that aims to provide comprehensive services to the age group> 15 years to make efforts to prevent non-communicable diseases and prevent complications for participants who have experienced interference so that no further complications occur. Activities are carried out routinely every month on Saturdays in the form of weighing, height, blood pressure, blood sugar levels, cholesterol and gout for every visitor of Posbindu. In addition to health checks, counseling activities are also carried out both individuals and groups and health consultations for visitors posbindu both experiencing health problems or not. This activity was carried out for 1 year from August 2018 to July 2019 (June Eid holidays) with the number of Posbindu visitors between 28-45 people with an average visitor 38. The average cases of high blood pressure were 33.45% (12), high cholesterol 27.24% (10), high blood sugar 24.74 (9), and high uric acid 19.87 (8). The results obtained for 1 year showed that the control of blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol and uric acid was still fluctuating even though counseling and consultation had been given based on the results of the examination. The conclusion from this activity shows that blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol and gout are not only influenced by regularity of control and knowledge but also diet, activity and environment. The advantage of this postbindu activity is that the health condition of visitors is monitored and health information can be conveyed on an ongoing basis. Suggestions for the future harmonious cooperation between health workers, patients and families / closest people of the patient must always be maintained through this posbindu activityABSTRAK:Peningkatan usia harapan hidup merupakan suatu keuntungan tetapi sekaligus menjadi suatu kondisi yang dapat menjadi sumber permasalahan di bidang kesehatan terutama penyakit tidak menular. Saat ini penyakit tidak menular yang banyak dijumpai adalah penyakit kardiovaskular seperti darah tinggi, jantung koroner, penyakit kelainan metabolik seperti kencing manis, dislipidemia, penyakit otot dan persendian seperti radang sendi, gout, osteoartritis, gangguan gizi: obesitas atau gizi kurang. Prevalensi berbagai penyakit tidak menular dari tahun 2013-2016 stroke naik dari 7% menjadi 10,9%; dan penyakit ginjal kronik naik dari 2% menjadi 3,8%. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan gula darah, diabetes melitus naik dari 6,9% menjadi 8,5%; dan hasil pengukuran tekanan darah, hipertensi naik dari 25,8% menjadi 34,1%. Kenaikan prevalensi penyakit tidak menular ini berhubungan dengan pola hidup, antara lain merokok, konsumsi minuman beralkohol, aktivitas fisik, serta konsumsi buah dan sayur. Permasalahan membutuhkan penanganan yang bersifat menyeluruh dan menjangkau seluas mungkin. Salah satu bentuk perluasan jangkauan pelayanan adalah posbindu. Posbindu di Kelurahan Kembangan Selatan merupakan salah satu posbindu yang bertujuan memberikan pelayanan yang secara menyeluruh pada kelompok usia > 15 tahun untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan penyakit tidak menular dan mencegah komplikasi bagi peserta yang sudah mengalami gangguan agar tidak terjadi komplikasi lebih lanjut. Kegiatan dilakukan rutin setiap bulan pada hari Sabtu berupa penimbangan berat badan, tinggi badan, tekanan darah, kadar gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat bagi setiap pengunjung posbindu. Selain pemeriksaan kesehatan, juga dilakukan kegiatan penyuluhan baik perorangan maupun kelompok dan konsultasi kesehatan bagi pengunjung posbindu baik yang mengalami gangguan kesehatan maupun tidak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 1 tahun dari Agustus 2018 sampai Juli 2019 (Juni libur lebaran) dengan jumlah pengunjung posbindu antara 28-45 orang dengan rata-rata pengunjung 38. Rata-rata kasus tekanan darah tinggi 33,45% (12), kolesterol tinggi 27.24% (10), gula darah tinggi 24,74 (9), dan asam urat tinggi 19,87 (8). Hasil yang didapat selama 1 tahun ini menunjukkan bahwa pengendalian tekanan darah, gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat masih naik turun walaupun sudah diberikan penyuluhan maupun konsultasi berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan. Simpulan dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan darah, gula darah, kolesterol dan asam urat tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh keteraturan kontrol dan pengetahuan tetapi juga pola makan, aktivitas dan lingkungan. Keuntungan dari kegiatan posbindu ini adalah termonitornya kondisi kesehatan pengunjung dan informasi kesehatan dapat tersampaikan secara berkelanjutan. Saran ke depannya kerjasama yang harmonis antara petugas kesehatan, pasien dan keluarga/orang terdekat pasien harus selalu dijaga lewat kegiatan posbindu ini


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